高中英语虚拟语气讲解及配套练习

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及配套练习高中英语虚拟语气讲解及配套练习高中英语虚拟语气讲解及配套练习xxx公司高中英语虚拟语气讲解及配套练习文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度虚拟语气虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：

条件状语从句主

句与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形例句：（1）表示与现在事实相反IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.（2）表示与过去事实相反Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldn’thavemadesuchabadmistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反IwouldgoshoppingwithyouifitweretobeSundaytomorrow.1.虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：HadIbeen（=IfIhadbeen）inthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.Shouldtherebe（=Ifthereshouldbe）adrought，whatshouldwedoatthattime

2.错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears，thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.3.含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，butfor，inthatposition）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：Butforthehelpfromyou，Iwouldnothavehadthechancetogotocollege.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Hesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethehouseatonce.Theleaderorderedthatthetask（should）befinishedassoonaspossible.Heproposedthatwe（should）dealwiththeproblembytheviewofdevelopment.2.与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Thegeneralsenttheorderthatthebattle（should）beheldonuntilthecompletefailureoftheenemy.Myproposalisthatwe（should）setadeadlineforhandingintheplan.3.在Itis/wassuggested（ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：It’srequestedthatwe（should）keepthestabilityofthesocietyforthepeople’speacefullife.Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedman（should）betreatedimmediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1.wish，wouldrather后的宾语从句。如：Hewishedhehadneverbeeninvolvedinsuchaffairs.Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.2.asif，asthough引导的从句。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewasaman.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.3.由ifonly（要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！Ifonlyitstoppedraining！4.Itis（about/high）time后的定语从句。如：Itistimewewentoutforawalk.Itwashightimetheyhadbeguntopreparetheexperiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：Wouldyoumindsmokinghere

Mayyoubelucky！LonglivethepeopleofChina！Godsaveme.1.I’djustassoon____rudelytoher.A.younotspeak

B.yournotspeakingC.youdidn’tspeak

D.youhadn’tspoken2._________,I’dhavedoneitmyself.A.IfIwouldhaveknownit

B.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknownit

D.ShouldIknownit3.Wepreferthattheplan____________beforebeingputintoexecution.A.willbefullydiscussed

B.befullydiscussedC.mustbefullydiscussed

D.wouldbefullydiscussed4.Ifonlywe____thenthediseasewascurable.A.knew

B.couldknow

C.hadknown

D.wouldhaveknown5.Ifyou_________myadvice,you________yourfailurenow.You_________yourvictory.A.took...wouldn’tcryover...wouldcelebrateB.hadtaken...wouldn’thavecriedover...wouldhavecelebratedC.hadtaken...aren’tcryingover...arecelebratingD.hadtaken...wouldn’tbecryingover...wouldbecelebrating6.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.calls

B.called

C.call

D.wouldcall7.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.A.mustbedone

B.wasdone

C.bedone

D.weredone8.Heinsistedthatweall____inhisofficeatoneo’clock.A.be

B.tobe

C.wouldbe

D.shallbe9.____________,I’dhavedoneitmyself.A.IfIwouldhaveknownit

B.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknownit

D.ShouldIknownit10.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontime.A.wouldbe

B.hadbeenC.shouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen1.C。wouldjustassoon(=wouldrather,hadrather或hadjustassoon)意为“宁愿”，后接从句时，其从句谓语动词要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。2.C。if条件句中包含有should,had,were则可省去if并把should,had,were移到句首，构成倒装句式，而意思不变。3.B此句考点是虚拟语气。及物动词advise,agree,ask,beg,command,decide,demand,determine,dictate等后面的宾语从句须用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的形式是should+动词原形，should可以省去，因此选B。4.Cifonly引导的句子用虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反时，动词用过去完成时。5.D。当主句与从句时态不一致时，主句与从句分别使用与各自时态相应的虚拟语气。此句中从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，因而选项D正确。6.C。在Itis/wasurgentthat…句型中，that引导的从句谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。类似的形容词还有necessary,advisable,desirable,vital等。7.B。It'shightime...结构后应使用虚拟语气，something在这里应接过去时态单数谓语动词was。故选B。8.A。“insist”一词意思是“坚决要求”时，后面的句子用虚拟语气，即宾语从句的谓语用(should)+动词原形。9.C。if条件句中包含有should,had,were则可省去if，并把should,had,were移到句首，构成倒装句式，而意思不变。10.D。此题中前半句是一个陈述句，后半句中otherwise相当于一个虚拟的条件从句“Ifthetraffichadnotbeenverybusy”，是对过去的情况的一个假设，因此主句中的谓语要用“wouldhavedone”的形式。

1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou_____.”A.do

B.didC.had

D.would3.“I’vetoldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou_____.”A.don’t

B.hadn’tC.couldn’t

D.wouldn’t4.Ithasbeenrainingforaday,buteventhoughithadn’trained,we_____therebytomorrow.A.can’tget

B.won’tgetC.hadn’tgot

D.wouldn’tget5.“Doyouknowhisaddress”“No,IalsowishI_____wherehe_____.”A.knew,live

B.knew,livesC.know,lives

D.know,lived6.“Isn’titabouttimeyou_____todomorningexercises”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus”

A.begin

B.havebegunC.began

D.hadbegun8.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscored

B.scoredC.wouldscore

D.wouldhavescored10.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight____forustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcold

B.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencold

D.canfreezecoldly12.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot13.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaks

B.hasbrokenC.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken14.Butforthehelpyougaveme,I_______theexaminations.A.wouldhavepassed

B.wouldpassC.wouldn’thavepassed

D.wouldn’tpass1.选B。It’stimeyoudid为It’stimeyouthankedAuntLucyforherpresent之略。按照英语语法，it’stime后从句通常要用过去式。3.选B。I’drather后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。4.选A。wecan’tgettherebytomorrow为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。5.选B。第一空填knew，因为Iwish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为wherehelives是一个客观事实，而不是Iwish的内容。6.选C。It’stime…/It’shightime…/It’sabouttime…等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。8.选D。这是otherwise引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的hesitated可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选D。10.选A。without引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。12.选D。根据句中的didn’tletmedrive可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave+过去分词。13.选C。asif引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用weretodosth。14.选C。butfor的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的thehelpyougaveme，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C。

1.IfI____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.A.knew,wouldB.hadknown,wouldhavesent

C.know,wouldsend

D.knew,wouldhavesent2.Ifthey____earlierthanexpected,they____herenow.

A.hadstarted,wouldbe

B.started,mightbe

C.hadstarted,wouldhavebeen

D.willstart,mighthavebeen3.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.____it,I____then.

A.HadIknown,wouldringhimup

B.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimup

C.IfIknew;wouldringhimup

D.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimup5.WereItodoit,I________itsomeotherway.

A.willdo

B.woulddo

C.wouldhavedone

D.weretodo6.I________himtheanswer________possible,butIwassobusythen.

A.couldtell;ifithadbeen

B.musthavetold;wereit

C.shouldhavetold;haditbeen

D.shouldhavetold;shoulditbe7.Withoutyourhelp,we________somuch.

A.won‘tachieve

B.didn‘tachieveC.don’tachieve

D.wouldn’thaveachieved9.Wewishwe____whatyoudidwhenwewereathighschool.

A.did

B.couldhavedone

C.havedone

D.shoulddo10.Shewishesshe____tothetheatrelastnight.

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.hadgone

D.weregoing11.Tomisveryshortnow.Hismotherwishesthathe________betallwhenhegrowsup.

A.could

B.should

C.would

D.wereableto14.DoyouthinkofWangFang’ssuggestionthathe________Mr.Litotheparty?A.willinvite

B.haveinvited

C.isinvited

D.invite15.Iinsistedthathe________atonce.A.begone

B.go

C.wouldgo

D.mightgo16.LiMinginsistedthathe________anythingatall.A.hadn’tstolen

B.shouldn’tsteal

C.doesn’tsteal

D.steal17.Itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagain________themveryangry.A.hadmade

B.wouldmake

C.makes

D.make18.Heactedasifhe________everythingintheworld.A.knew

B.knows

C.hasknown

D.won’tknow22.Thatisagoodbook.You________ityesterday.A.couldbuy

B.shouldbuy

C.shouldhavebought

D.bought23.Itishightimewe________home.A.willgo

B.wouldgo

C.havegone

D.went24.I‘dratherthatyou________home.A.went

B.havegone

C.willgo

D.hadgone27.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome29.He________youmorehelp,eventh