工业设计专业英语翻译17

工业设计专业英语翻译17工业设计专业英语翻译17工业设计专业英语翻译17资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月工业设计专业英语翻译17版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Lesson17Insectswon’ttakeovertheearth,theyownitnow.Aleadingbiologistexplainswhybugsaretheworld’smostsuccessfuldesign.昆虫没有占据地球，它们现在属于地球，一个杰出的生物学家解释为什么昆虫是世界上最成功的设计。Theyincorporateastonishinglysophisticateddesignfeatures,bothstructurallyandfunctionally,whichrenderthemespeciallywellsuitedforsurvivalonthisplanet.无论在结构上还是机能上，它们具有令人惊讶的设计能力特征，来展示出它们在这个星球上的适应性。There’snodenyingit:BugsRule.Therearecurrently200millioninsectsforeveryman,womanandchild.Ofthe1.5millionspeciesidentified,morethanhalfareinsects.不可否认的是：昆虫法则。当前每一个人都对应2亿虫类。1.5亿被人所识别，其中一半以上为昆虫。Wehumansmaynotliketheidea,butthereisnodenyingit:BugsRule.Estimateshaveitthattherearesome1018bugsnowaliveontheplanet.Itisnotonlytheirsheernumber,butalsotheirdiversitythatisstaggering:Ofthetotal1.5millionspeciesofanimals,plantsandmicroorganismsthathavebeenidentified,morethanhalf—orover800,000—areinsects.Andwhilenewspeciesofinsectsarebeingdiscovereddaily,over10millionmayyetremainunknown.我们人类可能不喜欢这个主意，但是不可否认：昆虫法则。估计有1018种昆虫生存在地球上，这些并不是全部的数量，但它们的物种多样性令人惊愕：总共有150万种植物，动物，微生物被确认，超过一半，或者80万种以上是昆虫，并且每天都有新的昆虫被发现，超过1000万的物种仍然未知。Whatmakesinsectsthemostsuccessfulinhabitantsoftheearth?Oneansweristhattheyaresmall,whichhasmadeitpossibleforthemtocolonizeliterallyeverynookandcranny.Butthereisanotherreason:Insectsarebuilttolast.Itisthesefeaturesthathaveallowedthemtogaintheevolutionaryadvantagetheyhaveachieved.是什么使昆虫成为地球上最成功的居住者？一是因为它们小，使它们能在角落和偏僻的地方有繁殖的可能性。但是另外一个原因是：昆虫生来就是为了生存，这些特征使它们在进化中拥有优势。Thesuitofarmorthatinsectsareencasedinprovidesthemwithprotectionfrompredatorsandkeepsthemfromdryingout,thelatterbeingofconsiderableconcern,giventheirtinysize.Withouttheiroutercasing,theywouldneverhavemasteredlifeintheopen.Theinsectskeletonisappropriatelyhingedinplacestoprovideformobility.Likeourown,theirlegshaveflexiblejoints,butsodotheirprincipalbodyparts—theirhead,thoraxandabdomen.Eventhewingsoftheinsect,whichcanbeatatfrequenciesofhundredsoftimespersecond,arenomorethanflaplikeelaborationsoftheirskeleton.Itisthankstothecombinedmotorcapacityoftheirlegsandwingsthatinsectsareabletoachievethefeatsofagilityforwhichtheyarefamous.(Thinkofahouseflyevadingswatsorcockroachesinyourkitchen,scurryingforcoverwhenyouturnonthelights.)Potentially,becauseofitsrigidity,theinsectskeletonimposeslimitsongrowth.Insectssolvetheproblembymolting:Astheygettoolargefortheirarmor,theysimplyshedit.它们的盔甲是为了提供防止被捕食的保护和保持干燥，后者是相当的不安，给它们微小的体形。没有外壳，它们无法生存。昆虫骨架是在适当的地方连接提供流动性，就像我们自己的，它们的腿具有柔性接头，但这样做的主要身体部位是头部，胸腔和腹部。即使昆虫有每秒数百次击打的频率的翅膀，都比不上它们像折翼状的骨骼。多亏了它们的腿和翅膀机动能力的结合，昆虫有了它们有名的灵敏性（想象一下家蝇或者蟑螂在厨房躲避拍击，当你打开灯时它们急速跑到角落的情形）潜在的，因其刚度，昆虫加强限制其增长。昆虫靠脱皮来解决这些问题，当它们相对于它们的外壳越来越大时，他们很容易就脱壳了。Agilityinanimalscorrelateswithhighrespiratorydemand,andinsectshavearemarkablewayofdeliveringoxygentotheirinternalorgans.Airflowsintotheinsectbodythroughaseriesofopeningscalledspiraclesthatleadinwardintotubes,ortracheae.Insteadofconveyingoxygenbywayofblood,insectsprovideordirectaerationoftheirtissues.Theflightmusclesofinsectscouldnotfunctionnearlyaseffectivelywithoutsuchaquickmeansofoxygendelivery.敏捷的动物具有高呼吸的需求，昆虫有一种高明的方法把氧气运送到他们的内部器官。空气流入昆虫身体通过一系列昆虫气门的开口，到达软管或呼吸管。昆虫提供一个直接的通风口到组织里，代替了通过血液运输氧气。昆虫的战斗肌肉的功能巨虎不可能没有一个这样的快速有效的手段进行氧气传递。Insectsoccupyvirtuallyeveryfeedingniche.Putinanotherway,thismeansthattheyareabletoeatliterallyanything.Theirsuccessinthisregardderivesfromtheextraordinarydiversificationoftheirmouthparts.Beetlesandcaterpillarshavejawsforcuttingandtearing,mosquitoeshaveslenderstyletsforpiercingskinandsuckingbloodandbutterflieshavecoiledtubesforimbibingnectar.实际上昆虫占领着每一个合适喂养的地方。另一个说法是，在字面上意味着它们可以吃任何东西。他们说它们的成功源于非凡的多样化。甲虫和毛虫有颌用来切割和撕扯，蚊子有纤细的口针为穿刺皮肤和吸血，蝴蝶有来连续管来吸收甘露。Insectshaveextraordinarysensorycapacities.Theireyes,whichmaytaketheformofenormoushemispheresbulgingfromtheirhead,typicallyconsistofhundredsoftiny,tightlyopposedunits,calledfacets.Eachfacetpointsinoneparticulardirection,withtheresultthatthetwoeyesseeinvirtuallyalldirections.Foranaerialhuntersuchasarobberfly,thismeansbeingabletospotpreyinstantlyfromwhereveritmayappear.Insectscanalsoseeacolor—ultraviolet—towhichweareblind.Flowersareoftenadornedwithultravioletpatternsthatareinvisibletous,butvisibleandattractivetothepollinatinginsect.昆虫有非凡的感官能力，它们的眼睛，这可能在它们的头上需要巨大的半球形，眼形一般包括数以百计的小而紧紧反对的单位，称为小眼面。每一个小眼面分在一个特定的方向，其结果是两只眼睛几乎看到所有的方向。一个空中猎人就像盗蝇在飞，这意味着能够立即辨认出猎物坑可能从哪里出现。昆虫也可以看到一种颜色——紫外线，而我们却看不见。花是经常装饰紫外线的模式，它们是看不见的，但我们可见，用来吸引授粉昆虫。Insectsarealsothebestdefendedofanimals.Theirchemicalweaponsareprodigious.Some,suchasbombardierbeetles,dischargeirritatingchemicalscalledquinoneswhendisturbed.Theymakethequinonesinspecialglandsbymixingchemicalsandcausinganexplosion.Theexplosionisofsuchmagnitudethatthequinonesareexpelledboilinghot,at100degreescentigrade.Otherinsectsarenolessremarkable.CertainAustralianbeetlelarvaeandEuropeanmothsemithydrogencyanide,theinfamouspoisonofdetectivenovels.TherearecockroachesinNewZealandthatsprayethylacrolein,ateargas.Anyonewhocollectsinsectsasamatterofroutineknowsthatpickingthemupbyhandcanbehazardous.Manybite,othersstingandstillothers,suchasseveralstrainsofcaterpillar,havehairsthatcauseitchinguponcontact.Insectslackingsuchdefensesmaybeotherwiseprotected.Somemaybesowellcamouflagedastobevirtuallyundetectable.Asonemightexpect,camouflagedinsectsareoftencompletelymotionlessbydayandactiveatnight.昆虫也是最好的防守动物。他们拥有的化学武器是惊人的。比如放屁虫，当受到打扰时会释放出一种刺激性的化学物质——苯醌。它们让苯醌在特殊腺体中混合一些化学