主题阅读 练习：人类的音乐语法-高考英语二轮复习备考

音乐是人类共同的语言，不同地方的音乐，其风格也不一样。最近科学家发现，来自不同文化的音乐，还是有着很多共通之处。难词探意1.bop/

n.博普舞会2.ethnographic/adj.人种志的3.vocal/adj.嗓音的;发声的4.annotate/v.给……加评注5.notation/n.（数学、科学和音乐中的）符号;记号6.anthropologist/n.人类学家7.algorithmn.算法预读思考1.DoyouknowthestorybetweenLiuZhengfengandQuYanginJinYongsnovelTheLegendarySwordsman（《笑傲江湖》）？Whydidtheydevelopdeepfriendship？2.Whatisamusicalgrammarlikelytomeaninthetext？Nomatterwhereyouare，abopisabop.Whetheramelodymakespeoplegetupanddance，comfortstheirhearts，orcalmsthemdowntosleep，similarrhythmsandtonesmakemusicauniversallanguage.Now，theremightbesciencetobackitup.Ateamofresearchersfindthatnotonlyismusicuniversal，butalsothatsimilarsongsareusedinsimilarcontextsaroundtheworld，accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScience.Tobetterunderstandthesimilaritiesinmusicthatcouldprovideinsightintoitsbiologicalroots，theresearchersfocusedonmusicwithlyrics.Theystartedbylookingatethnographicdescriptionsofmusicin315culturesworldwide，allofwhichfeaturedvocalmusic，beforeanalyzingmusicalrecordingsfrom60well?Documentedcultures.Theteamusedacombinationofmethods，includingmachinelearning，expertmusicologistsand30，000amateurlistenersfromtheUnitedStatesandIndia，toanalyzeapublicdatabaseofmusic.Inonepartofthestudy，onlineamateurlistenerswereaskedtocategorizerandommusicsamplesaslullabies，dancesongs，healingsongs，folksongs，orlovesongs.Dancesongsweretheeasiesttocatch.Inotherpartsofthestudy，themusicsampleswereannotatedbylistenersandtranslatedintoamusicalstaff，whichisaformofmusicalnotationinWesterncultures.Whenthisdatawasfedtoacomputer，itwasabletotelldifferentkindsofsongsapartatleasttwo?Thirdsofthetime.“Basically，theteamfoundthathumanssharea‘musicalgrammar，”explainsthestudy’sleadauthorSamuelMehr，apsychologistatHarvardUniversity.“Musicisbuiltfromsimilar，simplebuildingblockstheworldover，”hesays.“MusicissomethingthathasconfusedanthropologistsandbiologistssinceDarwin，”saysLukeGlowacki，ananthropologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandacoauthoronthepaper.“Iftherewerenounderlyingprinciplesofthehumanmind，therewouldnotbetheseregularities.”CriticshavequestionedtheuseofmachinelearningalgorithmsandWesternnotationbecauseofthebiasesthatcomewithboth.EthnomusicologistElizabethTolbertofJohnHopkinsPeabodyInstitute，whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy，saysthattheresearchteam“maybeover?Interpretingtheirresults”bysearchingforcommonpatternsinsuchadiversevarietyofmusic.CoauthorMaierSingh，acognitiveandevolutionaryanthropologistatHarvardUniversity，saysthatthemusicdatabaseisopen?Access.“Wedbegladforanyonetotestourconclusionsusinganalternativemethod，”hesays.阅读自测1.Whatmakesmusicauniversallanguageaccordingtoparagraph1？A.Thefunctionofmusic.B.Themelodyofmusic.C.Similarrhythmsandtones.D.Touchinglyricsandvoices.2.Whatisthefunctionoftheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3？A.Toprovidemoreinformation.B.Toexploremoreaboutmusic.C.Todescribetheprocessvividly.D.Tomaketheresearchconvincing.3.Whatkindofsongsareeasiesttounderstandintheresearch？A.Folksongs.B.Lovesongs.C.Dancesongs.D.Healingsongs.4.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheresearchaccordingtoparagraph8？A.Creative.B.Doubtful.C.Beneficial.D.Thoughtful.文本探究探究视角1：语言学习Ⅰ.文本填空1.Now，theremightbescienceto________it________（证明;证实）.2.Ateamofresearchersfindthatnotonlyismusicuniversalbutalsothatsimilarsongs_________（use）insimilarcontextsaroundtheworld，accordingtoastudy_________（publish）inthejournalScience.3.Tobetterunderstandthesimilarities_________musicthatcouldprovideinsight_________itsbiologicalroots，theresearchersfocused_________musicwithlyrics.4.Theteamuseda______（combine）ofmethods，includingmachinelearning，expertmusicologistsand30，000amateurlistenersfromtheUnitedStatesandIndia，_________（analyze）apublicdatabaseofmusic.5.Inotherpartsofthestudy，themusicsampleswereannotatedbylistenersandtranslatedintoamusicalstaff，_________isaformofmusicalnotationinWesterncultures.6.Ifthere_________（be）nounderlyingprinciplesofthehumanmind，therewouldnotbetheseregularities.7.EthnomusicologistElizabethTolbertofJohnHopkinsPeabodyInstitute，whowasn’t_________（involve）inthestudy，saysthattheresearchteam“maybeover?Interpretingtheirresults”bysearchingforcommonpatternsinsuchadiversevarietyofmusic.8.We'dbegladforanyonetotestourconclusions_________（use）analternativemethod.Ⅱ.与“音乐”相关的表达1.bop

博普舞会2.melody旋律3.comfortsbshearts

安慰心灵4.calmsbdown

使人平静下来5.similarrhythmsandtones

相似的节奏和音调6.auniversallanguage

通用语言7.beusedinsimilarcontextsaroundtheworld

在世界各地类似的情况下使用8.focusonmusicwithlyrics

关注有歌词的音乐9.featurevocalmusic

以声乐为特色10.musicalrecordings

音乐记录11.onlineamateurlisteners

线上的业余听众12.dancesongs

舞曲13.healingsongs治愈系歌曲14.folksongs

民歌15.lovesongs

情歌16.aformofmusicalnotation

一种音乐符号的形式17.buildingblock组成部分18.amusicalgrammar

音乐语法19.underlyingprinciplesofthehumanmind

人类思想的潜原则20.adiversevarietyofmusic

多种多样的音乐探究视角2：语篇分析音乐是人类的共同语言，世界各地的音乐风格不同，但都能抚慰心灵，解去疲乏，振作精神。音乐具有这些共同功能的原因是什么呢？科学家们又对此进行了哪些研究？他们的研究有什么新的发现呢？能被广为接受吗？本文是一篇说明文，文章对音乐能成为人类共同语言这一现象进行了说明。说明时，采用研究案例来说明和解释文章的主题，使用研究案例时，文章先给出了研究结果，紧接着介绍研究的过程，结果和引起的质疑。探究视角3：文化拓展《吕氏春秋·本味》中记载了伯牙与钟子期的故事：“伯牙善鼓琴，钟子期善听。伯牙鼓琴，方鼓琴而志在太山，钟子期曰：‘善哉乎鼓琴，巍巍乎若太山！少选之间，而志在流水，钟子期又曰：‘善哉乎鼓琴，汤汤乎若流水！钟子期死，伯牙破琴绝弦，终身不复鼓琴，以为世无足复为鼓琴者。”高山流水遇知音，伯牙子期千古传，可见音乐具有神奇的魔力。言语文字可以作伪，可琴箫之音却是心声，做不得假。古往今来，音乐作为一门世界语言，得到了人们无限的赞美：Musicisagoodmedicineformentalillness.音乐是医治思想疾病的良药。Hewhounderstandsmusiccanbefreefromallworldlytroubles.领悟音乐的人，能从一切世俗的烦恼中超脱出来。Whenyouarehappy，youlistentomusic.Whenyouaresad，youbegintounderstandthelyrics.快乐的时候，你听的是音乐。难过的时候，你开始懂得了歌词。Thosewhoreallylovemusicandappreciatemusicintheirheartsaregoodpeople.真正喜爱音乐且打心里欣赏音乐的人都是好人。Musicdriftedpastmyearslikealetterfromapostmanthatdidntbelongtome.音乐从我耳