【北师大版】2020版高考英语一轮总复习-专题复习课件-含答案

语法专题突破

语法专题突破

专题一名词和冠词专题一名词和冠词-3-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat

the

topofherlungs.

2.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.3.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause).4.(2018·浙江卷)MakingChinesedishes(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.5.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedside

effects

(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.

-3-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空-4-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)As

a

result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.

7.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)Recentstudies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.8.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor

a

while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.

-4-高考感悟考点归纳6.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Asa-5-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Friday’s→Friday2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.在countryside前加the3.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.chicken→chickens-5-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错-6-高考感悟考点归纳考点一

名词的数一、可数名词的复数1.规则变化-6-高考感悟考点归纳考点一名词的数-7-高考感悟考点归纳-7-高考感悟考点归纳-8-高考感悟考点归纳注意①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是:英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿,即heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves。它们是:为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。但有的以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s。如:handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕。③名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,做定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:womandoctor→womendoctors。-8-高考感悟考点归纳注意①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,-9-高考感悟考点归纳2.不规则变化(1)常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人;means方式;works工厂;sheep绵羊;deer鹿;series系列;fish鱼;fruit水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→children

man男人→men

foot脚,英尺→feet

tooth牙齿→teeth

medium传播媒介→media

mouse老鼠→mice

phenomenon现象→phenomena-9-高考感悟考点归纳2.不规则变化-10-高考感悟考点归纳3.有些名词通常只用复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,riches财富,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,compasses圆规,cattle牛,congratulations祝贺有些固定搭配中的名词通常用复数。如:havewordswithsb.同某人吵架,inhighspirits情绪高昂,giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问候,inrags衣衫褴褛,havegoodmanners有礼貌-10-高考感悟考点归纳3.有些名词通常只用复数。如:gla-11-高考感悟考点归纳二、不可数名词1.常见的不可数名词:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,practice,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,wood,English,America等。Wealthstartswithagoalandsavingadollaratatime.财富始于一个目标,要一美元一美元地积攒。2.有些名词既可以用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词,但意义不同。work当表示“工作”时为不可数名词,但当表示“作品;著作”时则为可数名词。glass“玻璃”(不可数),“杯子”(可数);room“空间”(不可数),“房间”(可数);experience“经验”(不可数),“经历”(可数);paper“纸”(不可数),“报纸、文件、试卷”(可数)。-11-高考感悟考点归纳二、不可数名词-12-高考感悟考点归纳考点二

名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分-’s所有格和of所有格两种形式。1.-’s所有格(1)多用来表示有生命的东西。Manystudents’

eyesightisgettingpoorerandpoorer.(2)用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s或’;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。Tom’sandJim’srooms(各自的房间)TomandJim’sroom(共同的房间)-12-高考感悟考点归纳考点二名词的所有格-13-高考感悟考点归纳(3)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。atthebarber’sattheteacher’s2.of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所属关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。Fromthe

top

of

the

hill,youcangetabird’sviewofthecity.3.双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格,即

“of+名词所有格”。aplayofShakespeare’safriendofmywife’s-13-高考感悟考点归纳(3)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,-14-高考感悟考点归纳考点三

不定冠词a/an的用法不定冠词表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:apen一支笔;anoldman一位老人一、不定冠词的基本用法1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某(一)个人或某(一)个事物。The“ChineseDream”isadreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingandadreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,一个和谐、和平、发展之梦。2.表示“一”,相当于one。I’llreturninadayortwo.-14-高考感悟考点归纳考点三不定冠词a/an的用法-15-高考感悟考点归纳3.表示“每”,相当于per,常用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。Wehavethreemealsaday.4.表示“同一性”,常构成“of+a/an+名词”形式,相当于thesame。Thechildrenareofanage.5.表示类指,意为“某类……”。Hewantstobeadoctor.6.后面接人名可以表示“一个叫……的人”,或是其作品。AMr.Smithisaskingtoseeyou.7.与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”。asuccess一件成功的事/一个成功的人;apity一件遗憾的事;anhonour一个引以为荣的人/一件引以为荣的事8.与物质名词连用,表示“一种、一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!-15-高考感悟考点归纳3.表示“每”,相当于per,常用于-16-高考感悟考点归纳9.序数词前使用冠词的情况。“the+序数词”表示排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一;再一”。Mr.Lihasdecidedtobuyasecondcar.Ihavefailedtwice,butI’lltryathirdtime.10.比较级和最高级前冠词的选择。“a/an+比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”,属于泛指;“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”;“amost+形容词”表示“一个很/非常……”,此时后面没有比较范围,most只表示“很,非常”。Tomistheolderofthetwoboys.Thefirstunitisamostdifficultpartbutnotthemostdifficult.-16-高考感悟考点归纳9.序数词前使用冠词的情况。-17-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用含不定冠词的固定搭配allofasudden突然asamatteroffact事实上onceaweek每星期一次ataloss不知所措,茫然beonavisit参观,拜访be/goonadiet节食givesb.alift让某人搭便车haveagiftfor...在……方面有天赋haveagoodtime玩得开心haveawordwith...与……谈话inahurry匆忙地inaway从某种意义上说-17-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用含不定冠词的固定搭配-18-高考感悟考点归纳makealiving谋生takeawalk散步takeaninterestin...对……感兴趣take/havearest休息一会儿-18-高考感悟考点归纳makealiving谋生-19-高考感悟考点归纳考点四

定冠词the一、定冠词的基本用法1.特指上文提到过的、特定的人或事物,或双方都明确的人或事物。Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.Passmethebook,please.2.表示某一类人或物。Thebikeisausefulmeansoftransportation.3.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前。theuniverse;themoon;thePacificOcean4.用于乐器前。playtheviolin;playthepiano-19-高考感悟考点归纳考点四定冠词the-20-高考感悟考点归纳5.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。—CouldyoutellmethewaytotheGreen’s,please?—Sorry,wedon’thaveaGreenhereinthevillage.6.用于表示国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等名词前。theUnitedStates;theCommunistPartyofChina7.用于表示发明物的单数名词前。ThecompasswasinventedinChina.8.在逢十的复数数词之前,指某世纪的某个年代。inthe1990’s(在20世纪90年代)9.用于表示度量单位的名词前。Ihiredthecarbythehour.(对比Ihiredthecarbytime.)-20-高考感悟考点归纳5.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。-21-高考感悟考点归纳10.用于形容词或分词前表示一类人。therich;theliving;thewounded11.用于方位名词、身体部位名词前。Thesunrisesintheeast.hitsb.onthehead12.用于普通名词转化而来的专有名词前。theGreatWall;theWestLake-21-高考感悟考点归纳10.用于形容词或分词前表示一类人。-22-高考感悟考点归纳13.与比较级和最高级连用。(1)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……越……”。Themore,thebetter.(2)表示两者间“较……的一个”,比较级前加the。Whoisthetallerofthetwoboys?(3)三者或三者以上相比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Maryisthetallestchildinherfamily.-22-高考感悟考点归纳13.与比较级和最高级连用。-23-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用定冠词的固定搭配atthemoment此刻,目前atthesametime同时bytheway顺便说一下onthespot当场makethebest/mostof...充分利用……inthedistance在远处intheend最终inthehabitof有……的习惯theotherday前几天ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面……,另一方面……tothepoint中肯,切题-23-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用定冠词的固定搭配-24-高考感悟考点归纳考点五

零冠词一、零冠词的基本用法1.专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,其前不用冠词。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Kindnessisvirtue.Snowdissolvesintowater.-24-高考感悟考点归纳考点五零冠词-25-高考感悟考点归纳2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、棋类、球类、学科、一日三餐、语言、运动等的名词前一般不加冠词。Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.IhavebeenstudyinginthiscollegesinceJuly,2018.Wehaveaseven-dayholidayonNational

Holiday.Tomenjoysplayingchess.Theboyslikeplayingfootballafterclass.TheycanchooseothersubjectslikeArtandComputer

Science.Doyouhavebreakfastathomeoratschool?-25-高考感悟考点归纳2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、棋-26-高考感悟考点归纳3.称呼语、自己的家庭成员及表示头衔、职务的名词做表语、补足语及同位语时,一般不加冠词,但用作主语或宾语时要用冠词。SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.I’mcaptainoftheclassteamatschool.4.当by与表示交通工具的名词连用表示方式时,名词前不用冠词。I’drathertravelbybusthanairplane.-26-高考感悟考点归纳3.称呼语、自己的家庭成员及表示头衔-27-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用零冠词的固定搭配infact事实上 forexample例如indanger在危险中 withpleasure高兴地intime及时 infear恐惧地atwork在上班 atdinner在吃饭afterschool放学后 atfirst起初atlast最终 byhand手工做的payattentionto注意 setfireto放火takepridein以……为豪 takecareof照顾takeoffice就职 takepartin参加intown在城里 keep...inmind牢记introuble处在麻烦中 onfoot步行leaveword留言 ontime按时-27-高考感悟考点归纳二、常用零冠词的固定搭配-28-高考感悟考点归纳catchsightof看见 doharmto对……有害loseweight减肥-28-高考感悟考点归纳catchsightof看见 d-29-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.单句语法填空1.TheillegalhuntingofTibetantelopeusedtobe

a

seriousprobleminthe1990s.

2.Simmonsandherhusbandgrabbedtwoboardsandpaddleddownthehumanchainuntilshereachedtheswimmers(swimmer).Sherescuedthemonebyone.3.Underthedirectionofthesephilosophical

theories

(theory),thiskungfustylegainsgoodeffectsintheboxingandswordskills.

4.China’ssilkwasintroducedintowestern

countries

(country)throughthisoldtraderoute.

5.Theeastsideoftheirstemsgrowsfasterduring

the

day,causingthestemstograduallybendfromeasttowest.

-29-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.单句语法填空-30-ⅠⅡⅢ6.JohnDewey,anAmericanpsychologist,oncesaidthatgainingothers’respectisthedeepesturgeinhumannature.7.Ahundredyearsago,explorers(explorer)atthattimeweretakingatremendousriskinapproachingthecoldwonderlandonthesouthernmosttipoftheplanet.8.Infact,figuringoutwhowillgetthebillisalways

a

headachefortheChineseatformalmeals.

9.AsChineseeconomydevelopsveryfastandplays

an

importantroleintheworld,moreandmoreforeignerslearnMandarininConfuciusInstitutes.

10.Chinesepeoplearebecomingricherandmoreinternational.Whathasnotchangedistheirstomachs(stomach).-30-ⅠⅡⅢ6.JohnDewey,anAmerica-31-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.单句改错1.ShehastaughtusalotofEnglishknowledgesandhowtobeagoodcitizen.knowledges→knowledge2.Firstofall,Chinahasmadeagreatprogressinthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentinthepastdecades,andpeoplehavemoretimeandenergytoenjoytheirlife.去掉a-31-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.单句改错-32-ⅠⅡⅢ3.Itwasusefulexperienceforallofus,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife,andwhichI’llalwaystreasure.useful前加a4.Fromthislesson,wecametoconclusionthatitwasnotsodifficulttolearnEnglishifwecouldfindagoodway.conclusion前加a

5.Ihopemyadvicescanhelpyouimproveyourhealth.advices→advice-32-ⅠⅡⅢ3.Itwasusefulexperie-33-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.语法填空Villagesindevelopingcountriesoftenlackmanythings:books,cleanwater,electricity.Theseshortagesareeasytosee.But1.

a

differentkindofshortageisnoteasytosee.Thatis2.

the

shortageofexperts.Manyvillageshavenodoctors,engineersorscientists.Tblems(problem)ordesignanewexpertsystem.Thereisawaytoease4.

the

problems.Tputers(computer).In6.

the

pastfewyears,computerscientistsaroundtheworldhavedevelopedwhattheycall“expertsystems”.-33-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.语法填空-34-ⅠⅡⅢAnexpertsystemisaspecialkindofcomputerprogram.Insomesituations,itcantake7.

the

placeof8.

a

humanexpert.Forexample,anexpertinthemedicalsystemcanhelptotakecareofasickperson.Afteraskingafew9.

questions

(question)ofthepatient,itcantellwhatmedicineorother10.treatment(treat)isneeded.

-34-ⅠⅡⅢAnexpertsystemisas专题二代词专题二代词-36-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive

it

atry.

2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthem(they)alive.3.(2018·浙江卷)ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap

it

canbetoeatout.

4.(2017·浙江卷)“ShethoughtIhadhurtmyself(I),”saysPahlsson.-36-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空-37-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)They(Myparents)wouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.us→me2.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.myself→my/the3.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.all→both4.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.your→my-37-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错-38-高考感悟考点归纳考点一

人称代词、物主代词和反身代词-38-高考感悟考点归纳考点一人称代词、物主代词和反身代-39-高考感悟考点归纳注意①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词。如:herfather她的父亲②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格。如:afriendofmine我的一个朋友-39-高考感悟考点归纳注意①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,-40-高考感悟考点归纳考点二

it的用法1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。Itishalfpasttwonow.(指时间)Itis6milestothenearesthospital.(指距离)Itisverycoldintheroom.(指温度)2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。—Who’sthatatthedoor?—Itisthemilkman.(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)—I’vebrokenaplate.—It(=Breakingtheplate)doesn’tmatter.(it指前面所提到过的事情)-40-高考感悟考点归纳考点二it的用法-41-高考感悟考点归纳3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当的真正的主语或宾语放在后面。Itissaidthatallofthemhavegonetothecinema.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogooutforawalkbeforebreakfast.4.enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,don’tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto等动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。Ihateitthatyouleavethedooropen.我讨厌你把门开着。5.用于某些固定结构。如makeit;getit;seetoitthat;putit。HowshallIput

it?我该怎么说呢?-41-高考感悟考点归纳3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,-42-高考感悟考点归纳考点三

替代词it,one,ones,theone,theones,that,those1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;theone特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);theones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。-42-高考感悟考点归纳考点三替代词it,one,one-43-高考感悟考点归纳YesterdayIlostmypenandIcouldn’tfindit.SoIhadtobuyone.(it指代mypen;one替代apen)Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/the

onesunderthedesk.(those/theones替代thebooks)Nopleasurecanequalthatofacooldrinkonahotday.(that替代pleasure)-43-高考感悟考点归纳YesterdayIlostm-44-高考感悟考点归纳2.that和one的主要区别that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.(that替代thequalityofeducation)Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetoneforme?(one替代apaper一份报纸)-44-高考感悟考点归纳2.that和one的主要区别-45-高考感悟考点归纳考点四

指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。Iwantthisbook,notthatbook.Iliketheseandhelikethose.TheweatherinShanghaiisnotsocoldasthatinBeijing.-45-高考感悟考点归纳考点四指示代词-46-高考感悟考点归纳考点五

all,both,either,neither,each和none1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词的使用范围为两者。JohnandMaryhavebothwontheprizes.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.I’velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon’tlikeeitherofthemverymuch.2.both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.-46-高考感悟考点归纳考点五all,both,eit-47-高考感悟考点归纳3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词的使用范围均为三者或三者以上。Allthestudentsinmyclasslikeourteachers.AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelostnoneofherenthusiasmforlife.4.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。Theyeachhaveacar.-47-高考感悟考点归纳3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),-48-高考感悟考点归纳考点六

no,none,nobody和nothing1.no不能单独使用,相当于nota或notany,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。Hehasnoworryaboutsafety.2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答howmany/much引导的疑问句。—Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—None.-48-高考感悟考点归纳考点六no,none,nobo-49-高考感悟考点归纳3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。ThemeetingwillbeheldinSeptember,butnobodyknowsthedateforsure.—Whatareyoudoing?—Nothing.-49-高考感悟考点归纳3.nobody指人,用于回答who-50-高考感悟考点归纳考点七

another,other,theother和others1.another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingisanother.Youhavetowaitforanotherthreeweeks.2.other可用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。Youcanaskotherpeopletohelpyou.3.theother指两个人或物中的“另一个”,不能用another,此时other为代词。Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher;the

otherisadoctor.-50-高考感悟考点归纳考点七another,othe-51-高考感悟考点归纳4.theother后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数,不接不可数名词。此时other为形容词。Onthe

othersideofthestreet,thereisatalltree.Heistallerthanthe

otherstudentsinhisclass.5.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个;其他的”。others表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”,但不能做定语;theothers相当于“theother+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butallthe

otherspassedtheexam.-51-高考感悟考点归纳4.theother后可接可数名-52-高考感悟考点归纳考点八

复合不定代词everyone/everybody意为“每个人”;someone/somebody意为“某人,有人”,其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意为“任何人,无论谁”;nobody意为“没有人,无人,谁也不”,还可指“无名之辈”。everything意为“每件事,所有事物”;something意为“某事/物”,其特殊含义是“大致……左右,有价值的或者重要的事物”;anything意为“任何事物”;nothing意为“没有;无关紧要的事物”。-52-高考感悟考点归纳考点八复合不定代词-53-高考感悟考点归纳Somebodyhasparkedhiscarrightinfrontofmine.Hewassuchafasttalkerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.—Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?—$4,000,orsomethinglikethat.Asmilecostsnothing,butgivesmuch.常见搭配:nothingbut只不过anythingbut绝不;根本不somethingof有点儿……;在某种程度上是nothingtodowith和……没关系fornothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地-53-高考感悟考点归纳Somebodyhasparke-54-高考感悟考点归纳考点九

部分否定与全部否定all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定。none,noone,nobody,nothing,neither,notany以及“no+名词”均表示全部否定;但当not与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管not的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。Noneofthemsmoke.Nowordscanexpressmyanger.Suchapersoncan’tbefoundeverywhere.(部分否定)Not

allthestudentshavereadthebook.(部分否定)-54-高考感悟考点归纳考点九部分否定与全部否定-55-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.单句填空1.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthanthatonthesmallones.2.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butneitherofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.3.Susanmade

it

cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.

4.Insomecountries,peopleeatwithchopsticks,whileinothers,knivesandforks.-55-ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.单句填空-56-ⅠⅡⅢ5.I’dappreciate

it

ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.

6.It’saneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdoboth.7.She’dlivedinLondonandManchesterbutshelikedneitherandmovedtoCambridge.8.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothosedescribedinthismagazine.9.Whenhetookhisglovesoff,Inoticedthateachonehadhisnamewritteninside.10.Ipreferthelargeboxtothesmallone.-56-ⅠⅡⅢ5.I’dappreciateiti-57-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.单句改错1.John,mySpanishteacher,said,“Takeeasy;itisjustasmallquiz.”在easy前加it2.Someofthehouseshavebathroomsbutmuchdonot.much→many3.Itwasthefirsttimehefelthehadachievedsomethingbyhim.him→himself4.Mrs.Zhang,whoisournewteacher,issoconcernedaboutusthatweareallfondofhim.him→her5.ChinaisbiggerthananyotherscountryinAsia.others→other-57-ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.单句改错4.Mrs.Zhang,whoi-58-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.语法填空Emilysitsbyherdesk.Shestudiesforanexam.Actually,sheforces1.herselftostudyforthatexam,sincewhatshereallywantstodoisgooutsideandplaysoccer!HerfriendKellyisbyherwindow.Shethrowsalittlestoneatitandthencalls,“Isthere2.anybody/anyonehome?”“Yes,Iamhere!”Emilyanswers.“Thisissounfair!Iwanttobeoutsidewith3.youandnotherewiththeseboringbooklets(小册子)!”“Whateveryouaredoingwiththoseboringbooklets,youshouldcomeoutandplaywithus!”Kellycallsback.-58-ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.语法填空-59-ⅠⅡⅢ“Ican’tdo4.that,”Emilysayssadly.“Thisexamof5.mineistomorrow,sonowIneedtostudyforit.”ShetakesthestonethatKellythrewin,andsendsitflyingoutside.Thensheclosesthewindow.Sheknowsthateverybodyelsehasstudiedalready,andnow6.allofthemareplayingoutside.“Well,”shethinkstoherself,“itismytest,andImyselfhavetostudyforit.IknowthatKellywantstohelpme,butnotthistime.Wecanhelp7.eachotherwithotherthings.”Shetakesanotherlookathertwobooklets.Shetriestoreadapageofthefirstbooklet,andthenapageofthe8.other.Bothareboring.“9.Neitherofyouisinteresting!”shetellsthemseriously.“WhatcanIdo?”shethinkstoherself.“Ireallyhaveenough!”-59-ⅠⅡⅢ“Ican’tdo4.that,”Em-60-ⅠⅡⅢSuddenly,agreatideacomestohermind.“Iknow!”shethinks.“I’llmakeadrawingofeverythingIread!Iliketodraw,anddrawingswillmakeitinteresting!”Shegrabsherpencilandhappilybeginstodraw.Moreandmoreisdrawnonhernotebook,andaftertwohoursshefinishesherbooklets.Sheistiredbuthappy,andshecanfinallygoouttoplay.“Whereis10.everybody/everyone?”sheasksherself.Emilynoticesitisdarkalready.“Iguesstheyallwenthome...”Suddenlyherdoorbellrings.Kellyandtherestofherfriendsarethere.Theyarealltiredandtheywanttowatchamovietogether.Emilyisveryhappy.Shecannowenjoyamoviewithherfriends!-60-ⅠⅡⅢSuddenly,agreatideac专题三介词和介词短语专题三介词和介词短语-62-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)IwassearchingforthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.2.(2018·北京卷)—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointmentfornextWednesdayafternoon.3.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Itallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.-62-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅰ.单句语法填空-63-高考感悟考点归纳4.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree

in

engineeringorarchitecture.

5.(2017·江苏卷)Determiningwhereweareinrelation

to

oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.

6.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)Mostofusaremorefocused

on

ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.

7.(2016·全国Ⅲ卷)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.8.(2016·四川卷)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.-63-高考感悟考点归纳4.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)After-64-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错1.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.在which前加in或将which→where2.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,andheagreed.去掉for3.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.on→of4.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.去掉for-64-高考感悟考点归纳Ⅱ.单句改错-65-高考感悟考点归纳考点一

表示时间和日期的介词1.in用在表示年、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。Wewillhaveameetingat8o’clockinthemorningonSunday.2.for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用;during表示“在……期间”;through表示“一直……,自始至终”。Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewseconds.IwenttoFranceduringthesummerholiday.Theyworkedhardthroughthewinter.-65-高考感悟考点归纳考点一表示时间和日期的介词-66-高考感悟考点归纳3.from,sincefrom表示时间的起点,意为“从……”,多用于“from...to/till...”中;since表示“自从……以来”。Ihavebeenwaitingherefrommorningtillnoon.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolsinceDec.,2015.注意for和since都常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如fortwohours(持续)两小时;sincelastweek从上周直到现在。-66-高考感悟考点归纳3.from,since-67-高考感悟考点归纳4.before,by,till,untilbefore指“在……之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。till/until“直到……为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.Youmustwaitforhimtill/untiltomorrow.-67-高考感悟考点归纳4.before,by,till,u-68-高考感悟考点归纳5.after,inafter+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。Aftereightitbegantorain.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleavesinhalfanhour.-68-高考感悟考点归纳5.after,in-69-高考感悟考点归纳考点二

表示方位的介词1.on意为“在……的上面”;over意为“在……(垂直)的正上方”;above意为“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在……(垂直)的正下方”;below意为“在……(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意为“在……附近”;nextto意为“紧挨着……”;round/around意为“在……周围”;by意为“在……旁边”;along表示沿着街、路、河岸等;across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;past意为“从……旁经过”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用down;through指从某物的内部“穿过”;over指“越过”某一障碍物。Pipescarryoilacrossthedesert.Ittookustenminutestodrivethroughthetunnel.-69-高考感悟考点归纳考点二表示方位的介词-70-高考感悟考点归纳2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;on表示“接壤,相邻”;to表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。Mongoliais/liesonthenorthofChina.-70-高考感悟考点归纳2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“-71-高考感悟考点归纳考点三

表示计量的介词1.at表示“以……速度,以……价格”。Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsaltatalowerpricewouldbethathewasdesperateformoney.2.for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。Hesoldhiscarfor500dollars.注意at表示单价(price),for表示总钱数。3.by表示“按……计算”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位前用定冠词the,接具体度量名词时该名词前不加冠词。Theyarepaidbytheday.-71-高考感悟考点归纳考点三表示计量的介词