上海市嘉定区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)

PAGE______________________________________________________________PAGE12跃龙学堂您身边的中小学生辅导专家2014学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。请将答案填写在答题纸上。）第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.3:40. B.4:00.C.4:20. D.3:20.2.A.Hewantstogetanewposition. B.Heisaskingthewomanforhelp. C.Hehasleftthewomanagoodimpression. D.Heenjoysletterwriting.3.A.Atanewsstand. B.Atacardealer’s. C.Atanewspaperoffice. D.Atapublishinghouse.4.A.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbefine. B.Theweatherdoesn’tcountintheirplan. C.Theywillnotdoasplannedincaseofrain. D.Theywillpostponetheirprogrammeifitrains.5.

A.Heisnotusedtocitylife. B.Heisverytallandthin.C.It’shardtofindhimthere. D.Heisalwaysholdinganeedle.6.A.

Hiscomputerdoesn’tworkwell.

B.

Heisn’tgettingalongwithhisstuff.C.Hedidn’tregisterforapropercourse.

D.

Hecan’tapplythetheorytohisprogram..

7.A.Helentherhisextrapen. B.Hewasafraidoflosinghispen.C.Heofferedherapencil. D.Hesaidhedidn’thaveanyextraink.8.A.Neitherofthewatcheskeepsgoodtime. B.Thewoman’swatchstoppedthreehoursago. C.Theman’swatchgoestoofast.

D.It’stoodarkforthewomantoreadherwatch.9.A.Bygoingonadiet.

B.Byhavingfewermeals.C.

Bydoingphysicalexercise.

D.Byeatingfruitsandvegetables.10.A.Theplane’sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.B.Themanwenttoawrongcheck-incounter.C.Themanhasjustmissedtheflight.D.Theplanewillleaveat9:14.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.100million.B.50to100million.C.15million.D.500million.12.A.Aristotle. B.ARussian. C.Nobel. D.Dolly.13.A.Animaltestingisunnecessaryandapoorscientificpractice.B.Animalshaveplayedanimportantpartinmanyscientificresearch.C.ManyNobelPrizewinnersareinterestedinanimaltesting.D.Animalresearchwascarriedoutineverymedicaladvanceofthelastcentury.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Toencouragepeopletoparticipateinaclubactivity.B.Tointroduceanewkindofbicycle.C.ToinformbeginningcyclistsaboutNewJersey’strafficlaws.D.Towarntouristsaboutbicyclingontheroadways.15.A.Someofthemareinaccessibletobeginningcyclists. B.Someofthemrecordthedevelopmentofthebicycle.C.Theyareniceplacestovisitonbicycletours. D.TheyhelptomakeNewJerseyawealthystate.16.A.Repairtheirbicycles. B.Goonabicycletour.C.Takeatestaboutroadsafety. D.Participateinabicyclerace.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.HospitalRegistrationNAME:MichelleRobertsHOMEADDRESS:81South17DrivePOSTCODE:18NATIONALITY:19ARRIVALDATE:May12thDEPARTUREDATE:May20Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Whydoesthewomanwanttoseethemanager?Becauseshewantsto21.Whyisthewomansoangry?Becauseitseemsthatthehoteldidn’thave22beforeshemovedin.Whatwillthemanagersendsomeonetodothere?Hewillsendsomeonetoexaminethe23.Whatisthepossiblereasonforthehotel’scarelessness?Theyhavebeenextremelybusywith24.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.II．GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ARunningisbecomingincreasinglypopularincitiesbecauseitisagoodwayofkeepingfit.Moreimportantly,it(25)________(signal)asociety'sawakeningagainsttheslaveryimposedbythemodernwayoflife,completewiththeInternet,mobilephones,iPadsandappswhichmakepeoplelazy,saysLiaoBaopingin(26)________articleinXinhuaNewsTelegraph.Notonlyaremorepeopletakingtorunning,theyare(27)________usingwearabledevicesandusingsoftwareontheircellphonestorecordthedistancetheycoverandtheamountofcaloriestheyburn.Besides,chartingoutidealrunningroutesincitieshasbecomeapopulartopicofdiscussionamongrunners.Butapartfromphysicalfitnessandstress-relief,thereareotherreasonswhyrunninghasbecomesopopularinChina.(28)________henanactivitybecomesfashion,saysLiao,ithastosatisfypeople’spsychologicalneeds.Thecommutefromhometoofficeandback,oradrivetoashoppingmall,hasbecomeroutineintoday's"concretejungles".Livinginrooms(29)________withairconditioners,manypeopledon'tevenfeelthechangesintheseason.Wearemovingfartherawayfromnaturethankstotheknowledgeandtechnologies(30)________havebeenacquiredandmasteredsofar,saysLiao.AccordingtoLiao,tosomeextent,runningisanescapefromtherisksandboredomofmodernlife.It(31)________beseenaspeople'slongingforareturntonature.Peopledesperatelywanttogetridoftherestrictionsofmodernlife.Andapairofrunningshoesandperseveranceare(32)________oneneedstobecomearunnerandembracenature.BAmericansarelivinglonger,withour

averagelifeexpectancynowsurpassing78years,upfromlessthan74yearsin1980.Butwearenotnecessarilyliving(33)________(healthy).Theincidenceofavarietyofchronicdiseases,(34)________diabetesandheartdisease,hasalsobeengrowingdramatically,especiallyamongpeoplewhoarenotyetelderly.Themixofthosetwodevelopments(35)________(lead)towhatsomeresearchershaveidentifiedasa“lengtheningofmorbidity(病态)”.(36)________meanswearespendingmoreyearslivingwithchronicdiseaseandillhealth-nottheoutcomethatmostofuswouldhopeforfromaprolongedlifespan.ButanotablenewstudypublishedinArchivesofInternalMedicinesuggeststhatalittleadvanceplanningcouldchangethatprospect.Beingorbecomingfitinmiddleage,thestudyfound,(37)________________youhaven’tpreviouslybotheredwithexercise,appearstoreshapethelandscapeinaging.Forthestudy,researchersgatheredmedicalrecordsfor18,670middle-agedmenandwomenwho’dvisitedtheCooperClinicforacheckup(38)________(begin)in1970.________theyfoundwasthatthoseadultswhohadbeentheleastfitatthetimeoftheirmiddle-agecheckupalsowerethemostlikely(40)________(develop)anyofeightseriousorchronicconditionsearlyintheageingprocess.Theseincludeheartdisease,diabetes,Alzheimer’s,andcolonorlungcancer.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox．Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce．Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed．A.equivalentsB.increaseC.cappedD.acknowledgedE.regulationsF.comparativelyG.undeniableH.vastI.restorationJ.rankedK.moderatelyThispastNationalDayholidaysawupwardsofhalfabillionChinesecitizenstravelling.Whilesomeflewofftointernationaldestinations,the___41___majorityenjoyedthemanytouristsitesthatChinahastooffer.IfyouwereoneofthosepeoplewhodecidedtoexploreChina’sscenicspots,youprobablyrealizedthatitisn’tjustthemountainstepsthataresteep-theentrancefeesare,too!Theaveragecostofthehighest___42___5Aattractionsis109yuan.Thiscouldprovetobealittletoosteepforsomefamilies,whofindthemselvesspendingtoolargeaportionoftheirholidaybudgetonadmissiontickets.The325Alocationsthatuppedtheirpricesinthepastfiveyearsexperiencedanaverage___43___ofover40percent.Thebadnewsisthatthesepricesareexpectedtocontinuetorise.SohowdoesChina’ssituationcomparetootherpartsoftheworld?Theaveragefeesforculturalandhistoricalsitesseemtobeonparwith(与…同价)international____44__It’squiteanotherstory,however,whenyoucomparenaturalwonders.Forexample,thecostofatickettoZhangjiajieNationalForestPark(张家界国家森林公园)hoversaround245yuanforathree-daytour.Thisseems___45_highwhenyouconsiderthataweeklongpasstoAmerica’sYellowstoneNationalPark(黄石国家公园)isamere74yuan.hereare___46__benefitstoincreasedrevenue(收益)fromticketsales,whichsupportnecessary___47_,maintenanceandoperationcosts.Thisisespeciallyimportantforsitesthatmustkeepvisitornumbersdowninordertoprotectthenaturalenvironment.However,itmustalsobe___48_thatmanyofChina’stouristattractionsareoperatedbyprivatecompanieswhoareultimatelyprotectingtheirbottomline(盈亏底线).Whilethegovernmenthasputsome___49___inplace,suchasonlyallowingentrancefeestoberaisedonceeverythreeyears,theyhavenot___50___theupperlimitofticketpricesandincreases.Furthermeasurestosettlethedisputearebeingconsidered.Inthemeantime,somefamiliesareforcedtore-thinkifsomeattractionsarereallyworththecosts.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thecontinuouspresentationoffrighteningstoriesaboutglobalwarminginthepopularmediamakesusunnecessarilyfrightened.Evenworse,it__51__ourkids.AlGorefamously__52__howasea-levelriseof20feetwouldalmostcompletelyfloodFlorida,NewYork,Holland,andShanghai,eventhoughtheUnitedNationssaysthatsuchathingwillnotevenhappen,__53__thatsealevelswillrise20timeslessthanthat.

When__54_withtheseexaggerations（夸大）,someofussaythattheyareforagoodcause,andsurelythereisnoharmdoneiftheresultisthatwefocusevenmoreontacklingclimatechange.This__55__isastonishinglywrong.Suchexaggerationsdoplentyofharm.Worryingexcessivelyaboutglobalwarmingmeansthatweworrylessaboutotherthings,wherewecoulddosomuchmoregood.Wefocus,__56__,onglobalwarming'simpactonmalaria(疟疾)-whichwillputslightlymorepeopleat__57__in100years-insteadoftacklingthehalfabillionpeople__58__frommalariatodaywithpreventionandtreatmentpoliciesthataremuchcheaperanddramaticallymoreeffectivethancarbonreductionwouldbe.

Exaggerationalsowearsoutthepublic's__59__tocopewithglobalwarming.Iftheplanetiscertaintobedestroyedowingtoglobalwarming,peoplewonder,whydoanything?Arecord54%ofAmericanvotersnowbelievethenewsmediamakeglobalwarmingappearworsethanitreallyis.A__60__ofpeoplenowbelieve–incorrectly–thatglobalwarmingisnotevencausedbyhumans.Butthe__61__costofexaggeration,Ibelieve,istheunnecessaryalarmthatitcauses–particularlyamongchildren.AnarticleinTheWashingtonPostcitednine-year-oldAlyssa,whocriesaboutthepossibilityofmassanimal__62__fromglobalwarming.Thenewspaperalsoreportedthatparentsare__63__effectiveoutletsfortheireight-year-olds'concernwithdyingpolarbears.Theymightbebetteroffeducatingthemandlettingthemknowthat,__64__tocommonbelief,theglobalpolarbearpopulationhasdoubledoverthepasthalf-century,toabout22,000.__65__thepossibledisappearingofsummerArcticice,polarbearswillnotbecomeextinct.51.A.exhaustsB.depressesC.terrifiesD.exploits52.A.dismissedB.demonstratedC.depositedD.described53.A.measuringB.justifyingC.estimatingD.advocating54.A.facedB.identifiedC.equippedD.entitled55.A.announcementB.argumentC.interactionD.dialogue56.A.forexampleB.inadditionC.bycontrastD.inshort57.A.peaceB.leisureC.easeD.risk58.A.sufferingB.evolvingC.developingD.prohibiting59.A.abilityB.enduranceC.willingnessD.preference60.A.mixtureB.majorityC.quantityD.crowd61.A.smallestB.worstC.fewestD.least62.A.separationB.reservationC.isolationD.extinction63.A.turningoutB.takingoverC.searchingforD.pullingthrough64.A.sensitiveB.contraryC.relatedD.accustomed65.A.DespiteB.BesidesC.WithoutD.ExceptSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread．AAresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyour

environmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.To

someextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeagenius

outofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironment

willdevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbe

supportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextent

somethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthe

bloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbe

completelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeas

intelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemight

sendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewould

soonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplays

apart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,

butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.66.Whichofthesesentencesbestdescribesthewriter’spointinParagraph1?A.Tosomeextent,intelligenceisgivenatbirth.B.Intelligenceisdevelopedbytheenvironment.C.Somepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.D.Intelligenceisfixedatbirth,butisdevelopedbytheenvironment.67.Itissuggestedinthispassagethat_______.A.closerelationusuallyhavesimilarintelligenceB.unrelatedpeoplearenotlikelytohavedifferentintelligenceC.thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweenpeople,themoredifferenttheyarelikelytobeinintelligenceD.peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherarenotlikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence68.Thephrase“atrandom”(Line3,para.2)means_______.A.purposelyB.intendedlyC.aimlesslyD.independently69.Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldbe_______.A.WhatDoseIntelligenceMeans?B.OnIntelligenceC.WeAreBornwithIntelligenceD.EnvironmentPlaysaPartinDevelopingIntelligenceBWhich

tablet

computer

should

YOU

be

buying:

They

are

this

year's

must

have...

and

there's

a

style

to

suit

everyone?Bestforyoungchildren

LeapPadExplorer2,£68

Pros:

Theeducationgamesarewell-designed,thebuilt-invideocameraisafunwaytoplayatbeingafilmdirector.

Cons:

Someofthegamesareshockinglyexpensive.Andthepoweradaptorisnotincluded.

Bestforteenagers

iPad4thgeneration,£399-£659

TheiPadisstillthemarketleader,andforgoodreason.Iftheteenagerinyourhouseenjoysplayingcomputergames,thelatestofferingfromAppleistheonetochoose.

Pros:

Noothertabletcancompetewiththenearonemillion

‘apps’(thenameApplecreatedforspecially-designeddownloadableprograms)availablefortheiPad.

Simpletouse,evenforthosewhousuallystrugglewithtechnology.Cons:

Considerablymoreexpensivethanmostcompetitors.

Bestfor

workingparents

MicrosoftSurface,£399-£559

Pros:

TheSurfaceisgoodforwatchingmovies

—

abonuswhenstuckintheairportonabusinesstrip

—

andsurfingtheinternet.

Con:

Thekeyboardisanexpensiveadd-on

—

costingupto£109.Itmightbecheapertobuyalaptop(thoughatabletismuchsmallerandlighter).Bestforbookworms

AmazonKindlePaperwhite,£109Butmosttabletshaveashinyscreen

—whichcanbeverydistractingwhenyou'retryingtoread.ThePaperwhiteisdifferent:itsmattscreenandcrispblackletteringimitatethelookofwordsonpaperbrilliantly.

Andyetyoucanstillreadthewordsinthedark.

Pros:

Easyontheeye,excellentbatterylife,180,000freebooks(ifyousubscribetotheAmazonPrimecustomerloyaltyservice)plushundredsofthousandsmoretobuy.

Cons:

NoTV,films,games,internetorcamera.

70.Theunderlinedphrase

‘stumbleacross’

mostprobablymeans

‘___________’.A.

quarrelwith

B.meetwith

C.comparewith

D.competewith71.WhichofthefollowingaboutSurfaceisTRUE?A.YouhavetopayextratoinstallMicrosoftWord.B.Thekeyboardcanserveasacover.C.Thekeyboardwillnotaddtothecostofthetabletcomputer.D.Youcannotwatchmoviesorsurftheinternetwithit.72.Ifyouareagamelover,

whichtabletisleastlikelytobeyourchoice?A.AmazonKindlePaperwhite.2.

B.iPad4thgenerationC.MicrosoftSurface.

D.LeapPadExplorer73.IfyouwanttoaddsomethingtoyourpreparedPPTforapresentationatameeting,whichtabletismosthelpful?A.LeapPadExplorer2.B.ipad4thgenerationC.MicrosoftSurfaceD.AmazonKindlePaperwhite.CConventionalwisdomsaysthathardshipcanmakeusoldbeforeourtime.Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatviolencenotonlyleaveslong-termscarsonchildren’sbodies,butalsochangestheirDNA,causingchangesthatareequaltoseventotenyearsofprematureaging.Scientistsmeasuredthisbystudyingtheendsofchildren’schromosomes(染色体),calledtelomeres,saysIdanShalev,leadauthorofastudypublishedinMolecularPsychiatry.TelomeresarespecialDNAsequenceswhichpreventtheDNAinchromosomesfromseparating.Theygetshortereachtimeacelldivides,untilacellcannotdivideanymoreanddies.Severalfactorshavebeenfoundtoshortentelomeres,includingsmoking,radiationandpsychologicalstressessuchasbeingtreatedbadlywhenyoungandtakingcareofachronicallyillperson.Inthisstudy,researchersexaminedwhetherexposuretoviolencecouldmakechildre’stelomeresshortenfasterthannormal.Theyinterviewedthemothersof236childrenatages5,7and10,askingwhethertheyoungstershadbeenexposedtodomesticviolencebetweenthemotherandherpartner;physicalmaltreatmentbyanadult;orbullying.Researchersmeasuredthechildren’stelomeres—incellsobtainedbyswabbingtheinsidesoftheircheeks—atages5and10.Telomeresshortenedfasterinkidsexposedtotwoormoretypesofviolence,saysShalev.Unlessthatpatternchanges,thestudysuggests,thesekidscouldbeexpectedtodevelopdiseasesofaging,suchasheartattacksormemoryloss,sevento10yearsearlierthantheirpeers.Shalevsaysthereishopeforthesekids.Hisstudyfoundthat,inrarecases,telomerescanlengthen.Betternutrition,exerciseandstressreductionarethreethingsthatmaybeabletolengthentelomeres,hesays.Hestudyconfirmsasmallbutgrowingnumberofstudiessuggestingthatearlychildhoodadversityimprintsitselfinourchromosomes,saysCharlesNelson,aprofessorofpediatricsandneuroscienceatHarvardMedicalSchool.74.Thenewstudyfoundthat________.A.violenceleavesscarsonachild’smindB.hardshipcanchangeachild’sagingC.violence

can

speedupachild’sagingD.hardshiphasalong-termeffectonachild’smind75.Accordingtothetext,telomeres________.A.can

makeacelldiequicklyB.canhelppreventDNAfromseparatingC.

becomeshorterbeforetheydieD.areattheendsofpeople’schromosomes76.Allofthefollowingthings

can

shortentelomeresEXCEPT________.A.smokingB.celldivisionC.

maltreatment

D.doingexercise77.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE,accordingtothetext?A.Violence

can

causequickcelldivisioninchildren’sbody.B.Beingtreatedbadlywillmakeachild’stelomeresshortenfaster.C.Researchersmeasuredthechildren’stelomeresfromtheirlegsinthestudy.D.Childrenwhohaveshortertelomeresmayhaveaheartattackearlier.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

When

Danny

Bowman

was

at

school,

he

was

so

desperate

to

attract

girls,

he

spent

10

hours

a

day

taking

morethan

200selfies（自拍）trying

to

find

the

perfect

image.But

his

addiction,

which

began

at

the

age

of

15,

caused

him

to

drop

out

of

school

and

lose

almost

7

kilogrames

in

weight.

He

would

take

10

photos

of

himself

before

he

washed

and

would

sneak

out

of

class

three

times

every

hour.

At

16,

he

dropped

out

of

school

so

he

could

focus

on

his

addiction,

and

his

appetite

became

worse.

He

did

not

leave

his

house

in

Newcastle

upon

Tyne

for

six

months,

and

when

he

failed

to

take

the

flawless

shot,

he

tried

to

kill

himself

by

taking

an

overdose.The

19-year-old

believed

to

be

Britains

first

selfie

addict,

has

now

had

therapy

to

treat

his

technology

addiction,

OCD（强迫性神经官症)and

Body

dimorphic

disorder

—

an

excessive

anxiety

about

personal

appearance.He

has

not

taken

a

picture

of

himself

in

seven

months,

and

has

realized

that

achieving

perfection

is

impossible.

He

told

the

Sunday

Mirror:“Iwas

constantly

in

search

of

taking

the

perfect

selfie

and

when

I

realized

I

couldn’t,

I

wanted

to

die.

I

lost

my

friends,

my

education,

my

health

and

almost

my

life.

The

only

thing

I

cared

about

was

having

my

phone

with

me

so

I

could

satisfy

the

urge

to

capture

a

picture

of

myself

at

any

time

of

the

day.”He

would

look

at

photos

of

his“idol”Leonardo

Di

Caprio

and

would

then

copy

his

poses.

Danny’s

dream

was

to

become

a

male

model.The

selfie

craze

has

grown

in

past

five

years,

with

stars,

politicians

and

even

Pope

Francis

posting

getting

involved

in

the

sensation.

But

one

psychologist

at

a

clinic

where

Danny

was

treated

said

the

addiction

with

taking