高一上学期英语说明文课后加强练

高一英语说明文课后加强练PassageAWhatisthepurposeoflightning?Thatmightsoundlikeadeeplyphilosophicalquestion,butscientistsmayhaveshedsomemorelightontheanswerwiththeresultsofarecentlyreleasedstudy.ThenewstudypublishedattheendofAprilinSciencefoundthatlightningmayplayabiggerroleinglobalclimatechangethanwaspreviouslyknownbythescientificcommunity.^Lightningincreasestheatmosphere^abilitytocleanseitselg"theresearcherswroteinthestudy.AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,theprobabilitiesofbeingstruckarequitelow—1in1,222,000inagivenyearand1in15,300inalifetime,althoughmanyarefamiliarwiththepotentiallydeadlyhanncausedbylightning,whichisblamedforanaverageof43deathsintheUnitedStateseachyear,basedondatafrom1989to2018.Whafsmore,theearthisstruckbylightningnearly20milliontimeseachyear,andlightningcantravelasmuchas10to12milesfromathunderstorm,instantlyheatingtheairto50,000degreesFahrenheit.Asaresult,thestudyestimatesthatsomewherebetween2%and16%oftheoxidizing（氧化），orcleaningthathappensnaturallyintheEarth5satmosphere,isdonebylightning.Whyisthissignificant?Theoxidationprocesshelpstoreducechemicalslikecarbonmonoxideandmethaneintheatmosphere.Thesechemicals,knownforbeinggreenhousegases,havebeenproventocontributetorisingtemperaturesassociatedwithclimatechange.Researcherssaythatmorestudieswillneedtobeconductedtoverifythedegreetowhichlightningcontributestothefightagainstglobalclimatechange.1：Whathastherecentstudyfound?Lightningisadeeplyphilosophicalquestion.Lightningreducestheatmosphere^abilitytocleanseitself.Lightningpreventstheprocessofoxidation.Lightningislikelytobeimportanttotheclimatechange.2：WhatcanwelearnfromtheNationalWeatherService?Theearthisstruckbylightning20milliontimeseachyear.LightningcausesmanypeopletodieeveryyearintheU.S.Lightningcantravelasmuchas11milesfromathunderstorm.Theheatinthethunderstormis50,000degreesFahrenheit.3：Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Carbonmonoxidecanleadtorisingtemperaturesinclimatechange.Lightningcleanstheearth'satmospherebyaccident.Theoxidationprocesscanproducemethaneintheatmosphere.Thestudyhasbeencompletedbyresearchers.4：Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Theeffectofclimatechange. B.Thepurposeoflightning.C.Theearth'satmosphere. D.Twogreenhousegases.PassageBLetussupposeitisnowaboutA.D.2060.Let’smakebelieveitisaboutsixtyyearsfromnow.Ofcourse,thingshavechangedandlifeisverydifferent.Journeytothemoonarebeingmadeeveryday.Itisaseasytotakeaholidayonthemoontodayasitwasforthepeoplein1960totakeaholidayinEurope.Atanumberofscenicspots(景点)onthemoon,manyhotelshavebeenbuilt.Thehotelsareair-conditioned,naturally.Inorderthateveryonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryonthemoon,everyroomhasatleastonepicturewindow.Everythingimaginableisprovidedforentertainmentofyoungandold.Whatarepeopleeatingnow?Peoplearestilleatingfood.Theyhaven’tyetstartedtotakeontheirsupplyofenergydirectlyaselectricalcurrent(电流)orasnuclearpower.Theymaysomeday.Butmanyfoodsnowareinpillform,andthefoodthatgoesintothepillcontinuestocomemainlyfromgreenplants.Sincethereareseveraltimesasmanypeopleintheworldtodayastherewereahundredyearsago,mostofourplanet’ssurfacehastobefilled.Thedesertsareirrigated(灌溉)withwaterandcropsarenolongerdestroyedbypests.Theharvestisalwaysgood.Farming,ofcourse,isveryhighlydeveloped.Veryfewpeoplehavetoworkonthefarm.Itispossibletorunthefarmbyjustpushingafewbuttonsnowandthen.Peoplearenowlargelyvegetarians(素食者).Yousee,asthenumberofpeopleincreases,thenumberofanimalsdecreases.Therefore,peoplehavetobevegetariansandtheyarehealthierbothintheirbodiesandintheirminds,andtheyknowthecausesandcureofdiseaseandpain,anditispossibletogetridofdiseases.Noonehastobeillanymore.Suchwouldbeourlifein2060.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillbeonthemooninabout2060AD?A.Manytourists. B.Manyotheranimals.C.Manyplants. D.Asea.2.Whatwillpeopleeatthenaccordingtothepassage?A.Biscuitsinpillform.B.Foodsinpillform.C.Foodsinwaterform.D.Foodsingasform.3.Thepassagetellsusthatin2060,________ontheearththannow.A.therearefewerpopulation B.therearemorepestsC.thereislesswater D.thecropsaregettingbetter4.Whyarepeoplelargelyvegetariansin2060?A.Becausetheydon’teatmeat.B.Becausedoctorsadvisethemnottoeatmeat.C.Becausethenumberofanimalsdecreases.D.Becausealltheanimalshavediedofdiseases.PassageCInthemorning,MsAntónwavesgoodbyetoMilaassheispickeduptogotodaycare.“Ithasmadehersoindependent,sofriendlywithothers,”MsAntónsays.Sheclosesthedoorandturnstohomeschoolinghertwochildren.ForMilaisnotachild,butthefamilydog.SchoolsandnurserieshavebeenshutinMexicoforayear,becauseofthepandemic.Butdoggydaycareisdevelopingquickly.“Manycustomersnowhaveahomeofficeorareworriedabouttheirdogsbecomingtooattachedtothem,”explainsMondragon,theco-ownerofadogday-carecentre.ThenumberofdogsinMexicoincreasedby20%inthedecadeto2020.Mostarestrays(流浪狗),butmanyhavefoundlovinghomes.Theycover85%ofallpetsinMexico.Therearespecialareasfordogsinparks.Manyrestaurantswelcomedogsandprovidedrinkingwater.Petsalonsprovidenotonlybathsbutalsootheritems.Noneofthisischeap.A“relaxingbath”atPetCare,asalon,cancostoveranaverageworker’sdailywages(薪水).Mexicanscometolovedogswhilethepopulationisfalling.Inthemid-1980s,aMexicanwomancouldexpecttohavefourchildren;now,onlytwo.Inthelongrun,aspeoplehavegrownricherandthereturnstoeducationhaverisen,familiesbecomesmaller.Inthepastyear,however,itiseconomicuncertaintythathaspromptedmanytodelayhavingbabies.Forsome,adogisalovablechoice.Themostdevotedownersbuyclothesandthrowbirthdaypartiesfortheirpooches,withhatsandbirthdaycakes.FormotherssuchasMsAntón,doggydaycareofferssometimefromcovid-inducedwork.Butshewillnotstopworryinguntilherchildrentoo,areletofftheleashandbackintotheclassroom.1.WhatcanweknowaboutMsAntón?A.Shepicksupmanystrays. B.She’sgotadognamedMila.C.Nowsheworksinadaycare. D.Sheisn’tworriedaboutherchildren’sstudy.2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3aboutdogs?A.Itisnotverycheapforadogtohaveabath.B.Therearen’tspecialareasfordogsinparks.C.Mostdogshaven’tfoundtheircaringhomes.D.ThenumberofdogsinMexicoincreasesslowly.3.WhichoneisNOTthereasonwhythepopulationofMexicoisfalling?A.Thereturnstoeducationhaverisen.B.Peoplecometolovedogsverymuch.C.Peopletherearebecomingricherandricher.D.Peoplearenotsureabouttheeconomydevelopment.PassageDDoyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes(音量)？Overonebillion(十亿)youngpeopleareatriskofhearingloss(失聪)becauseoflisteningtoloudnoiseforlongperiodsoftime.ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumesisharmfultoyourhearing.TheUnitedNationshasstandardsforsafelistening.Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan85decibels(dB分贝)foreighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dBandthesoundofarockconcertcanbeabout100dB.Loudnoiseisharmfultotheinnerears(内耳).Mostofusarebornwithabout16,000haircells(听毛细胞)inourinnerears.However,listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecanmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.Thisiswhatcauseshearingloss.Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn'tallthatloud.Butthiscandependonwhereyouare.Forexample,ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.Later,whenyoulistentoitatthesamevolumeinaquietplace，youmightfeeluncomfortable.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaidthe“safelevel"formostsoundsisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.Alevelof80dBisroughlyequalto(大约相当于)thenoiseofasubway.1.Manyyoungpeopleareatriskofhearinglossbecausethey________.A.watchTVeverydayB.listentoloudnoiseinthesubwayC.listentoloudnoiseforalongtimeD.listentomusiceveryday2.Thesoundlevelofarockconcertisabout________.A.80dBB.110dBC.85dBD.100dB3.Whatisloudnoiseharmfulto？A.Theeyes.B.Theheart.C.Thebrain.D.Theinnerears.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage？A.LoudNoiseIsHarmfultoHearingB.KeeptheLoudVolumesC.LoudNoiseStopsEarsfromWorking D.TheRiskofListeningtoMusicPassageEThese4peoplearestudyingEnglish.However,theyarenowfacingsomeproblems.◎IamPablo.Iwork50hoursaweekasataxidriver,soItalktopeopleallday.Theyunderstandme,butIknowImakealotofmistakes.Noonecorrectsme.Myvocabularyisstrong.Grammarismyproblem.I'mtryingtochangelittlebylittle.Forexample,Idon'tusethepasttense(时态).Ialwayssay,“Idrivehimtotheofficethismorning”insteadof“Idrovehimtotheofficethismorning”.◎MynameisMariaLuisa.I'mteachingmyselfEnglish,andI'mgoodatgrammar.However,it'sreallydifficulttofindwaystopracticeEnglish.Iliveinanareawhereeveryonespeaksmylanguage.MyneighborsandfriendsspeakSpanish.IcanspeakSpanishinthesupermarketandatthepostoffice.◎IamLiPing.IunderstandthegrammarandthereadingsinmyclassandIthinkmywritingisgood,butI'mverynervouswhenIspeakEnglish.Idon'twanttomakeanymistakesbecauseI'mafraidpeoplewillthinkthatI'mstupid.Also,mypronunciationisn'tgood.WhenIspeak,peopleoftensay,“What?Saythatagain”.◎IamYoshi.IhavebeenintheUnitedStatesforoneyear.I'mstudyinghardandIknowgrammarwell,butthevocabularyisverydifficult.WhenIlisten,Idon'tunderstandmanyofthewords.WhenItrytoread,therearethreeorfournewwordsineverysentence.Ifeeldiscouraged.1：Whomaysay,“Igotobedlatelastnight”?A．Pablo.B．MariaLuisaC．LiPing.D．Yoshi.2.WhatwouldbethebestadviceforMariaLuisa?A．Trytohaveawidevocabulary.B．Developagoodknowledgeofgrammar.C．ReadasmanyEnglishbooksaspossible.D．MakefriendswithEnglish-speakingpeople.3.WhydopeoplefindithardtounderstandLiPing'sEnglish?A.Shecan'tpronouncewordsinEnglishcorrectly.B．Shespeaksataveryfastspeed.C．Hergrammaristerrible.D．Hervoiceisverylow.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutYoshi?A．HewasbornintheUnitedStates.B．Hehasaverysmallvocabulary.C．HehaslearnedEnglishforyears.D．Heisverygoodatlistening.PassageFWhenhighschoolstudentKatieShipleywasbornwithaseriousbraindisease,doctorssaidshewouldn'tlivetogotoschool.Now,KatieisnotonlyabouttograduatefromSouthridgeHighSchoolinOregon,butshewasalsonamedtheschool'sprom(高中毕业舞会)queen.KnowingKatie'swishesforpromqueen,herfriendCourtneyTravisbeganreachingouttofindherthepromkingsheneededtomakeheraqueen.CourtneyfoundMichaelParks,whoalsothoughtitwasagreatidea.“IreallygottoknowShipley,”saidMichael.“Whenyoutakethetimetogettoknowotherpeople,itreallygivesyouagreatchancetoliveformorethanyourself.”CourtneytookapictureofthecoupletogetherandputitonherTwitter,explainingtheirplansfortheprom.“Itbecameverypopularintheschool,”shesaid.Theireffortspaidoff,andKatiewasveryexcitedtobenamedpromqueen.Onthedayoftheprom,Katieworeaverybeautifuldress.Hergrandmother,JoanFraley,whoalsowenttotheprom,saidthenightwillstaywithheralways.“Iwasstandingthereandthechildrenwereshoutinghername,”shesaid.“Theycalledhernameasthenewpromqueen—Istartedcrying.I'mgreatlythankfultothestudentsofSouthridgeHighSchool.”Katierepeatedthatfeeling.“Ijustwanttosaythankyoutomyfriendsforalltheydidforme.Iloveyouall.”ToddCorsetti,theprincipal(校长)atSouthridgeHighSchoolsaidthatseeingKatieaspromqueenandtheenergyandhelpofhisstudentsisoneofhis“proudestmoments.”“Ithinkteenagershavegreatheartsandarereallylookingtomaketheworldabetterplace,”Toddsaid.“Aswefinishourschoolyear,it'sagreatlegacy(遗产)toleavetheotherclasseswhocomeafterthem.”1．WhenKatiewasborn,she_____.A．nearlydiedinhospitalB．wasn'texpectedtolivelongC．wasn'tsupposedtofinishhighschoolD．caughtadiseasecausedbydoctors'mistakes2．HearingaboutKatie'sstory,Michael_____.A．turnedtohisfriendsforhelpB．begantoraisemoneyforKatieC．decidedtoliveforothersratherthanhimselfD．wasveryhappytohelpKatierealizeherdream3．WhydidFraleycryattheprom?A．ShefeltsorryforKatie.B．ShethoughtofKatie'shardlife.C．ShewasinvitedtoKatie'sgraduation.D．ShewasmovedbywhatothersdidforKatie.4．WhatisTodd'sopiniononthestudents?A．Theyarethekindestteens.B．Theyarethehopeoftheworld.C．Theysetagoodexampletoothers.D．Theycandomuchbetterinthefuture.PassageGAtigerparkinPhuket,Thailandispreparingtowelcomebackforeignvisitorsthisweek.ThereopeningispartofaplantobringbackforeignvisitorswithCOVID-19vaccination（疫苗接种）totheisland.Thevisitorsdonothavetofollowlockdownrules.After14days,aslongastheyhavenocoronavirusinfection（新冠感染）,theycantravelelsewhereinThailand.ChadaratTaodaengisthegeneralmanagerofTigerKingdominPhuket.Hesaidtheparkhadputsafetymeasures（措施）inplacebeforeThursday'sreopeningtohelpforeignvisitorsfeelcomfortable.“Wehavevaccinatedmorethan90percentofourworkersandalsotrainedthemaboutthe'newnormal'tourism,”themanagersaid.Theparkhasmorethan50tigersandacheetah.Andvisitorscangetclosetothem.Sincethepandemiclockdowns,visitornumbershavedroppedfromnearly1,000adaytofewerthan20.Thailandlostabout$50billionintourismwhenforeignarrivalsfellto6.7millionlastyear.In2019,thecountryhadnearly40millionvisitors.AndPhuketsufferedfromalargenumberofjoblossesandbusinessclosings.“I'mhappythatfinallytherewillbepeoplevisitingthetigers,andPhuketcitywillbebustlingagain,"saidthepark'sassistantmanager,PhonphawitTon-od.Sheaddedthatthereopeningwould"helpwithbothtigers'andtheworkers'mentalhealth.”EventhoughtherehasbeenanincreaseinthepopularityofparksliketheTigerKingdom,expertsareagainsttheopening.Clearly,thereareworriesover.safetyaftersomeattacksbytheanimals.BringingbackvisitorsisimportanttoThailand'seconomy.Butgovernmentofficialsalsohavetodealwitharecentincreaseincoronavirusinfections.1.Whatkindofforeignvisitorsdoesthetigerparkwant?A.Wealthyones. B.Braveones. C.Politeones. D.Safeones.2.Whatdoweknowfromthemanager'swordsinparagraph3?A.Themoneythecountrylost. B.Thevisitorstheparkreceives.C.Measurestheparkhastaken. D.Thenumbersofanimalsinthepark.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"bustling”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Busy. B.Silent. C.Clean. D.Dangerous.4.Whydoexpertshaveadifferentopinionaboutthereopening?A.Foreignersmayspreaddiseases. B.Theyareworriedabouthiddenrisks.C.Thewildanimalsintheparkmaysuffer. D.Over-tourismmaydamagetheenvironment.PassageHGarbagesortinghasbecomeahotissuearoundChina,especiallyafterShanghaibegancarryingoutaregulationonJuly1.Beijinghasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.Thecurrentregulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibilitiestogovernmentdepartments,propertymanagementgroupsandotherorganizations.Italsogivesrulesforcompanies,outlininghowthey’reresponsibleforwastecollection,transportationandtreatment.Onlyindividualsarenotsubjecttoresponsibilities.Thelong-awaitedrevisionwillsoonchangethesituation.“Takingoutthetrashwithoutsortingitproperlywillbeillegal,”saidSunXinjun,directoroftheBeijingCommissionofUrbanManagement.InShanghai,violatorsarenowfinedupto200yuanfortrash-sortingviolations(违背).ThemaximumfineinBeijingwillnotbelessthanthat,hesaid.TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstsetouttopromotegarbagesortingin2009.Authoritieshavesinceca