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PassageFiveKillingintheNameofGodUgandanDeathsSpotlightRiseofCults

Howcouldfaithbegetsuchevil?AfterhundredsofmembersofaUgandancult,theMovementfortheRestorationoftheTenCommandmentsofGod,diedinwhatfirstappearedtobeasuicidalfireinthevillageofKanungutwoweeksage,policefound153bodiesburiedinacompoundusedbythecultinBuhunga,25milesaway.Wheninvestigatorssearchedthehouseofacultleaderinyetanothervillage,theydiscovered155bodies,manyburiedundertheconcretefloorofthehouse.Thenscoresmoreweredugupatacultmembershome.Somehadbeenpoisoned;others,often-youngchildren,strangled.Byweeksend,Ugandanpolicehadcounted924victimsincludingatleast530whoburnedtodeathinsidethesealedchurchexceedingthe1978JonestownmasssuicideandkillingsbyfollowersofAmericancultleaderJimJonesthatclaimed913lives.

Authoritiesbelievetwoofthecultsleaders,JosephKibwetere,a68-year-oldformerRomanCatholiccatechismteacherwhostartedthecultin1987,andhis"prophetess,'CredoniaMwerinde,bysomeaccountsaformerprostitutewhoclaimedtospeakfortheVirginMary,maystillbealiveandontherun.ThepairhadpredictedtheworldwouldendonDec.31,1999.Whenthatdidnthappen,followerswhodemandedthereturnoftheirpossessions,whichtheyhadtosurrenderonjoiningthecult,mayhavebeensystematicallykilled.

TheUgandancarnagefocusesattentionontheproliferationofreligiouscultsinEastAfricasimpoverishedruralareasandcityslums.AccordingtotheinstituteforthestudyofAmericanreligion,whichresearchescultsandsects,therearenowmorethan5,000indigenouschurchesinAfrica,somewithapocalypticorrevolutionaryleanings.OnesuchgroupistheJerusalemChurchofChristinNairobisKawangwaraslums,ledbyMarySnaida-Akatsa,or"mommy'assheisknowntoherthousandsoffollowers.Sheprophesiesabouttheendoftheworldandaccusessomemembersofbeingwitches.Onedaythebroughta"specialvisitor'tochurch,anIndianSikhmansheclaimedwasJesus,andtoldherfollowersto"repentorpaytheconsequences.'

MostexpertssayAfricashardshipspushpeopletoseekhopeinreligiouscults."Thesegroupsthrivebecauseofpoverty,'saysCharlesOnyangoObbo,editoroftheMonitor,anindependentnewspaperinUganda,andacloseobserverofcults."Peoplehavenosupport,andtheyresusceptibletoanyonewhoisabletotapintotheirinsecurity.'Additionally,theysay,AIDS,whichhasravagedEastAfrica,mayalsobreedafatalismthathelpsapocalypticnotionstakeroot.

SomeAfricansturntocultsafterrejectingmainstreamChristianchurchesas"Western'or"non-African.'AgnesMasitsa,30,whousedtoattendaCatholicchurchbeforeshejoinedtheJerusalemChurchofChrist,saysofCatholicism:"Itsdull.'

Catholicicons.Yet,theUgandandoomsdaycult,likemanyofthesects,drewonfeaturesofRomanCatholicism,astrongforceintheregion.Catholiciconswereprominentinitsbuildings,andsomeofitsleadersweredefrockedpriests,suchasDominicKataribabo,32,whoreportedlystudiedtheologyintheLosAngelesareainthemid-1980s.Hehadtoldneighborshewasdiggingapitinhishousetoinstallarefrigerator;policehavenowrecovered81bodiesfromunderthefloorand74fromafieldnearby.PoliceareunsurewhetherKataribabodiedinthechurchfire.

Still,thereisthequestion:Howcouldsomanykillingshavebeencarriedoutwithoutdrawingattention?VillagerswereawareofKibweteressect,whosefollowerscommunicatedmainlythroughsignlanguageandapparentlywereapprehensiveaboutviolatinganyofthecultscommandments.Thereweresuspicions.UgandanpresidentYoweriMsevenitoldtheBBCthatintelligencereportsaboutthedangerousnatureofthegrouphadbeensuppressedbysomegovernmentofficials.OnThursday,policearrestedanassistantdistrictcommissioner,theRev.AmootiMutazindwa,forallegedlyholdingbackareportsuggestingthecultposedasecuritythre