2022年湖南考研英语二试题真题及答案

————2023》》》》——2023《《《2022年湖南考研英语二试题真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyo’reawriter,yollfindthetime;andthatifyoucntfindthetime,thenwritingapriorityandnotawriter.Forhim,writingisa1job–ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingatthataplumberdoesn’twakeupandsaythathecan’tworkwithpipestoday.3,likemostwritersthesedays,yo’reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,i’snot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butnotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,a8ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,llhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You’llhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily,time-consuming14.There’llprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It’sa15learningcurve,anditwon’talwaysmakeyoupopular.There’sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16yourwriting–andthasreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;tstheone17supporter–somethingyoucan’tdowithout.Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas19aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifawriter,thatmeans20writing.[A]difficult[B]normal[C]steady[D]pleasant[A]combined[B]compared[C]confused[D]confronted[A]If[B]Though[C]Once[D]Unless[A]enough[B]strange[C]wrong[D]easy[A]Accept[B]Explain[C]Remember[D]Suppose[A]well-known[B]well-advised[C]well-informed[D]well-chosen[A]donate[B]generate[C]supplement[D]calculate[A]cause[B]purpose[C]question[D]condition[A]highlight[B]sacrifice[C]continue[D]explore[A]relations[B]interests[C]memories[D]skills[A]until[B]because[C]while[D]before[A]putupwith[B]makeupfor[C]hangonto[D]cutdownon[A]intelligent[B]occasional[C]intensive[D]emotional[A]habit[B]test[C]decision[D]plan[A]tough[B]gentle[C]rapid[D]funny[A]inplaceof[B]inchargeof[C]inresponseto[D]inadditionto[A]indispensable[B]innovative[C]invisible[D]instant[A]duller[B]harder[C]quieter[D]quicker[A]peacefully[B]generously[C]productively[D]gratefully20[A]atmost[B]inturn[C]onaverage[D]aboveallSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text3Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststo“roachmotel”,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternstrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsiblethecompany'suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoiding“digitaldeception.”Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.”Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn’toptout.”Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttorequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns .improveuserexperiencesleakuserinformationforprofitunderminedecision-makingremindusersofhiddencostsThe2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow .theirmajorflawstheircomplexdesignstheirseveredamagetheirstrongpresenceTohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould .listentocustomerfeedbacktalkwithrelevantteamsturntoindependentagenciesrelyonprofessionaltrainingTheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto .guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses》》》》——2023《《《》》》》——2023《《《protectconsumersfrombeingtrickedgrantcompaniesdataprivacyrightsrestrictaccesstoproblematiccontentAccordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis .newlegalrequirementsbusinesses'self-disciplinestrictregulatorystandardsconsumers'safetyawarenessSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Althoughwetryourbest,sometimesourpaintingsrarelyturnoutasoriginallyplanned!Changesinthelight,thelimitationsofyourpalette,andjustplainoldlackofexperiencetechniquemeanthatwhatyoustartouttryingtoachievecometolifethewaythatyouexpected.Althoughthiscanbefrustratinganddisappointing,itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou!Unexpectedresultshavetwobenefits:forstarters,youprettyquicklylearntodealwithdisappointment,andintime(oftenthroughrepeatederror)torealisethatwhenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.Youquicklylearntoadaptandcomeupwithcreative