世纪大学实用英语

21世纪大学实用英语

综合教程(第四册)21世纪大学实用英语Unit3

TheNewFrontierofBeautyTextATheNewFrontierofBeauty

Starter

BackgroundInformation

Text

Understanding

LanguagePoints

Exercises

Writing

classicalcountrypopjazzgospelrockraphip-popNewAgeother

.StarterWhichofthefollowingkindsofmusicdoyoulikebest?Whoareyourfavoritemusicians?

JeromeWeidmanwasaNewYorknovelistandplaywright,andAlbertEinsteinwasaworld-famousscientist.Guesswhatkindofmusictheyliked,andthenfindtheanswerinTextABackgroundInformationJohannSebastianBach(1685-1750)AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)RockandRollGospelJazzclassicalcountrypoprapNewAgehip-popclassicalmusicisthenameforEuropeanmusicfromthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies.

1.广义的古典音乐是指西洋古典音乐，那些从西方中世纪开始至今的、在欧洲主流文化背景下创作的音乐，主要因其复杂多样的创作技术和所能承载的厚重内涵而有别于通俗音乐和民间音乐。

2.狭义的古典音乐是指古典主义音乐，是1750－1820年这一段时间的欧洲主流音乐，又称维也纳古典乐派。此乐派三位最著名的作曲家是海顿、莫扎特和贝多芬。

CLASSICALMUSIC乡村音乐（CountryMusic）出现于20世纪20年代，它来源于美国南方农业地区的民间音乐，最早受到英国传统民谣的影响而发展起来。最早的乡村音乐是传统的山区音乐（HillbillyMusic），它的曲调简单、节奏平稳，带有叙述性，与城市里的伤感流行歌曲不同的是，它带有较浓的乡土气息。山区音乐的歌词主要以家乡、失恋、流浪、宗教信仰为题材，演唱通常以独唱为主，有时也加入伴唱，伴奏乐器以提琴、班卓琴、吉他等（50年代中期以前，传统的乡村音乐乐队里没有鼓）为代表。演出场所主要在家里、教堂和乡村集市，有时也参加地区性巡回演出。它与大城市的文化生活相隔离，一直处于自我封闭状态。

Country

MusicCountryMusicorCountry-and-WesternMusic,isAmericanpopularmusic,是指流行音乐

二战过后大部分的音乐是流行歌曲，包括爵士乐，嘻哈音乐，摇滚乐，蓝调音乐，自然派音乐，绕舌音乐，轻音乐等。

源于80年代中期，是流行音乐和舞曲节奏相融合的一种舞曲形式。当前一些有别于经典曲风的舞曲,以及较难区分的舞曲多可列入POP舞曲的范畴中来。

popmusicHIP-HOP

Hip－Hop是文化名词，包括说唱、涂鸦、街舞、街球、B-Boy和DJ等等；

说唱起源于60年代，而作为音乐理解的Hip－Hop则起源于70年代初，它的前身是RAP

Hip－Hop从字面上来看，Hip是臀部，Hop是单脚跳，加在一起就是轻扭摆臀，原先指的是雏形阶段的街舞(也就是我们以前说的霹雳舞)，后来才逐渐发展成一种巨大的概念——我们现在说的Hip－Hop文化还包括了那些宽大的衣服、沉甸甸的纯金饰品、平时说起话来就“YoYowhat’sup？”的口语习惯——总之就是那种美国贫民街区里黑人的生活方式以及他们的“范儿”。

Hip－Hop的起源用一个“穷”字即可概括。为什么要穿大一号的衣服？除了方便运动之外，黑人家庭多是人数众多而收入甚少，所以哥哥穿小了的衣服就会给弟弟穿，这才形成了巨大衣服的风格；为什么会有涂鸦？这东西最早是街区内各个帮派之间划分势力范围的标志，后来才越来越漂亮精致，发展成了民间艺术；为什么会有街舞？因为他们没钱去舞厅，而且当时种族歧视问题依然存在，有钱也不一定能在白人的舞厅里玩儿得高兴；为什么纯正的Hip－Hop作品以黑色为主且必带粗口？因为这帮街头黑人青年没前途没希望，他们憎恨的比他们爱的要多得多。

说唱（Rap）是一个黑人俚语中的词语，相当于“谈话”（talking），产自纽约贫困黑人聚居区。它以在机械的节奏声的背景下，快速地诉说一连串押韵的诗句为特征。RapJazz

JazzisakindofmusicthathasoftenbeencalledtheonlyartformtooriginateintheUnitedStates.

爵士乐(Jazz)以其极具动感的切分节奏、个性十足的爵士音阶和不失章法的即兴演奏(或演唱)赢得了广大听众的喜爱,同时也得到了音乐领域各界人士的认可。Rock&Roll（摇滚）

从最纯粹的形式来讲，所谓摇滚，就是三和弦加强硬持续的鼓点加上口的旋律。早期摇滚的音乐来源非常广泛，主要的包括布鲁斯、R&B、和乡村音乐，其它还有福音音乐、传统的流行乐、爵士、以及民间音乐。所有的这些影响加在一起构成了一种简单的以布鲁斯为基础的歌曲结构，它是快速的、适于跳舞的、而且容易让人记住的GospelInmusic,gospelreferstoastyleofreligiousmusicoriginallyperformedbyAfricanAmericans.福音音乐

由耶稣及使徒布讲的训言，这是基督教《启示录》的中心内容

NewAge

被翻译为新世纪音乐，也被翻译成新纪元音乐，是种宁静、安逸、闲息的音乐，纯音乐作品占的比重较多，有歌唱的占较少。NewAge可以是纯ACOUSTIC(即以传统自发声乐器演奏)的，也可以是很电子化的，重点是营造出大自然平静的气氛或宇宙浩瀚的感觉，洗涤听者的心灵，令人心平气和。JohannSebastianBach(1685-1750)JohannSebastianBachwasanoutstandingorganistandcomposerofthebaroqueeraandisgenerallyregardedasoneofthegreatestandmostproductivecomposersofalltime.HeiscelebratedasthecreatoroftheBrandenburgConcertos,theWell-TemperedClavier,theMassinBMinor,andnumerousothermasterpiecesofchurchandinstrumentalmusic.AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)AlbertEinsteinwasaGermanbornphysicistofJewishdescent,wholivedintheUnitedStatesafterHitler’saccessiontopowerin1933.In1905Einsteinpublishedfourpapersthatheldrevolutionaryimplicationsforphysics.Amongthemwashisspecialtheoryofrelativity.In1915hepublishedhisgeneraltheoryofrelativity.HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1921.ReadingAnalysisMainideaDetailsThewriterwastrappedintolisteningtochambermusicatadinnerhewasinvitedto.Part1(Para.1-2)ThewriterwasinvitedtodinnerbyadistinguishedNewYorkgentleman.Afterdiner,theguestswereentertainedwithchambermusic,butbeingtone-deaf,thewriterclosedhisearsandsubmergedhimselfinhisownthoughts..ReadingAnalysisMainideaDetailsPart2(Para.3-4)ThewriterrealizedthathewassittingnexttoAlbertEinstein.Whenthewriterfollowedothersandbegantoapplaud,someonesittingnexttohimaskedifhewasfondofBach.HerecognizedthatthepersonwasAlbertEinstein.ReadingAnalysisDetailsMainideaPart3(Para.5-8)Einsteinwasamazedthatthewriterhadheardvirtuallynobody’smusicanddecidedtodosomething.Thewritersaidhonestlythathehadneverreallyheardanybody’smusic.Amazedandwithalookofconcern,EinsteintookthewriterupstairsintoaBook-linedstudy.ReadingAnalysisPart4(Para.9-17)MainideaDetailsEinsteingavethewriteramusiclessonwithaBingCrosbyrecord.Einsteinaskedwhatkindofmusicthewriterdidlike,towhichthewriteranswered,“songsthathavewords”suchasBingCrosby.ThenEinsteinmanagedtofindaBingCrosbyrecord,playeditandmadethewritersingitback,provingthathedidhaveanearformusicafterall.ReadingAnalysisPart5(Para.18-20)MainideaDetailsEinsteindrewananalogybetweenlearningmusicandlearningmath:onemustbeginwiththebasics.Bysayingthatinafirstarithmeticlesson,theteacherwouldstartwithelementarythingsratherthanorderthebeginningstudenttoworkoutafractionproblem,Einsteinmadethepointthatlearningshouldbeginwiththebasicandelementaryfirstandthenproceedtothemoredifficult.ReadingAnalysisPart6(Para.21-25)MainideaDetailsEinsteinwentonwithhismusiclessonwiththewriteruntilhewasreadyforBach.Einsteinplayedanotherrecord,oneofJohnMcCormack,andaskedthewritertosingitback.Thenhewentontoadozenothersuntiltheycametorecordingswithoutwords.FinallythewriterwasreadytoappreciateBach.DetailsReadingAnalysisPart7(Para.26-30)MainideaAccordingtoEinstein,learningmusicisagreatactivitythatopensupyetanotherfragmentofthefrontierofbeauty.Whentheyreturnedtotheconcert,thewritercouldgenuinelyapplaudtheperformance.Whenaskedbythehostess,whattheyhadbeendoing,Einsteinansweredthattheyhadbeenengagedinthegreatestactivityofwhichhumansarecapable—openingupyetanotherfragmentofthefrontierofbeauty.1.dine:

vi.haveoreatdinner进餐；用饭

e.g.Whereshallwedinetonight?

今晚我们在哪吃饭？

Alotofmoneywasspentonwininganddiningourclients.

许多钱都花在宴请我们的客户上了。（wineanddine:吃喝，宴请）Languagepoints

distinguished:

a.showingremarkablequalities;eminent;famous;dignified;noble卓越的；杰出的；著名的；有尊严的；高贵的

e.g.ourdistinguished

guest

我们尊贵的客人

Adistinguished

actorstarredintheplay.

一位名演员在剧中扮演了主角。3.virtually:ad.Nearly;almostwholly差不多；几乎全部；实际上e.g.It’svirtuallyimpossibletogetaticketfortheconcert.

想买到一张音乐会的票真是难上加难。Thelightistoodim.Icanseevirtuallynothing.光线太暗，我几乎什么也看不见。4.trap:

n.deviceforcatchinganimals,etc.;thingusedtocatchpeoplewhentheyarenotexpectingit

陷阱；圈套e.g.amousetrap

老鼠夹

ThetruthwasthatIfellintohistrap.

真相是我中了他的计。(2)vt.catch(ananimal,aperson,etc.)inatrap

设陷阱捕捉；使中圈套e.g.Severalpeopleweretrappedintheburningbuilding.

有几个人被困在着火的大楼里。

Thehuntertrapsfoxesandsellstheirfur.

猎人诱捕狐狸，然后出售它们的毛皮。5.unplug:

vt.

拔去······的塞子；拔去······的电源插头；拔去（插头）e.g.Susanunpluggedthewashingmachinewhenshefinishedusingit.

用完洗衣机后苏珊拔掉了它的电源插头。

TheTVisn’tworkingbecauseit’sunplugged.

电视无法播放是因为没有插电源。6.befondof:haveagreatlookingfor(sb./doingsth.)喜爱；喜欢e.g.I’mfondoffishing.我喜欢钓鱼。7.IknewasmuchaboutBachasIknowaboutnuclearphysics:IknewnothingaboutBach,justasIknownothingaboutnuclearphysics.我对巴赫就像对核物理一样一无所知。这句话虽然是个肯定句，但根据上下文，他却带有否定的意思，不能按字面解释为“我对巴赫就像对核物理的了解一样多”。8.awkward:a.embarrassed;clumsy尴尬的；笨拙的e.g.Hefeltawkwardinhisnewpairofshoes.

穿上那双新鞋他感觉很别扭。“Sorry,Itookyouforsomeoneelse.”Hegavemeanawkwardsmile.“对不起，我认错人了。”他尴尬地对我笑了笑。9.Itisn’tthat…It’sjustthat…:It’snotbecause…It’sjustbecause…e.g.Itisn’tthatIdislikebasketball.It’sjustthatIdon’tknowhowtoplayit.

不是我不喜欢篮球，只是我不会玩。10.hasily:ad.Inahastyway匆忙地e.g.“I’llcallyoulater,”hesaidhastilyandhungup.“我等会儿再给你打，”他匆忙说完就把电话挂了。11.venture:vt.Daretosayorutter;beboldenoughtosay敢说；大胆表示e.g.AtlastIventuredthatthewholethingwasafailure.

最后我大胆地说这事是彻底的失败。

Nobodyventuredtosayaword.

没有人敢置一词。12.tryingdesperatelytostayintune:tryingveryhardtosingatthecorrectpitch13.“Youdohaveaear!”:Youdohavetheabilitytoappreciateandrespondtomusic.

你确实能欣赏音乐的！ear在这里表示灵敏的听力。又如：

ThislisteningexerciseisaimedatdevelopingyourearfortheBritishaccent.

这项听力练习旨在培养你听英国口音的能力。

Ihavenoearformusic.我没有音乐欣赏能力。14.nonsense:n.foolishtalk;foolishunacceptablebehavior胡说，废话；胡闹e.g.Youaretalkingutternonsense.你在胡说八道。

Stopthatnonsense,children.别胡闹了，孩子们。15.inpanic:insuddenfear惊恐地e.g.“What’sthat?”Alicestaredatthedarknessinpanic.“那是什么？”爱丽丝惊恐地盯着那一片黑暗说。

16.Icouldnotshakemyfeelingofaweoverthewaythisgreatman,intowhosecompanyIhadbeenthrownbychance,wascompletelyabsorbedbywhatweweredoing,asthoughIwerehissoleconcern:Icouldn’thelpfeelingoverwhelmedbyhowEinsteinthegreatman,withwhomIhappenedtobetogether,wasfullyoccupiedbywhatweweredoing,asifIweretheonlyonehecaredfor.

本句中，在thisgreatman

和wascompletelyabsorbed之间是一个插入的非限制性定语从句。17.reachfor:extendthehand,etc.inanefforttoget;aimfor伸出手等去拿取；努力争取e.g.Weneednotbothertohopeforlowertaxesinthefuture---thatwouldbereachingforthemoon.

我们不必费心去指望将来会减税---那无疑是异想天开。18.cometoone’sfeet:standupquickly蓦地起立e.g.Seeingthehostessapproaching,Iquicklycametomyfeettogreether.

看见女主人朝这边走来，我迅速站起来跟她打招呼。19.beengagedin:bebusydoing(sth.),beoccupiedwith忙于；从事于e.g.He’sengagedinwritinganewnovel.

他正忙于写一部新小说。

Wearenowengagedinalegalbattlewithanothercompany.

我们正跟另一家公司在打官司。20.openingupyetanotherfragmentofthefrontierofbeauty:makingafewmorediscoveriesinthekingdomofbeauty.21.openup:fromorcausetoappearbyorasifbycutting开掘，开辟e.g.Thelocalgovernmentisopeningupthisareaforanewtourismsite.

当地政府正将这一地区开辟成一个新的旅游景点。

Einstein’snewtheoriesopenedupawholenewareaofstudy.

爱因斯坦的新理论开拓了一个全新的研究领域。

Vocabulary

Structure

TranslationExerciseFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.TextAExercises-5absorbapplaudconcertconcludedistinguishedevidentlyfavoritegenuineinstructinstrumentperformancevirtuallyVocabulary1.IusuallywatchtheViennaNewYear’sonTVtocelebratetheNewYear.2.Muchhasbeendiscussedabouttheproblembutnothinghasbeendone.3.Hekissedherhandandexpressedhisregretthatshewasill.4.Justaswecannotwithonehand,itisimpossibletoreachanagreementwithouttwohands.concertvirtually

genuineapplaud___________________________absorbapplaudconcertconcludedistinguishedevidentlyfavoritegenuineinstructinstrumentperformancevirtuallyYaoMing’sinthematchwasperfect—itwouldhavebeenimpossibletogiveabetterone.Withoutanunderstandingoftheirculture,aforeignerislikelytothatBritishpeoplearecoldandunfriendly.It’smyhonortowelcomeourguestfromtheUnitedStates.Thissmallisusedtomeasureairtemperatureandpressure.Thedoctormetotakethesepillstwiceaday.Takeamomenttoreadit,itandtrytofollowit—itismorealessoninlifethanalessoninbusiness.Fatherwasnotinterestedintheidea,orhewouldhavegivenhisDoyouhaveanycountryinAfricatovisit,andifso,why?.9.10.11.opinion.12.performance____________

conclude__________distinguished

____________instrument__________absorb______Evidently_________instructed__________favorite________Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionsgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.atlastbecapableofbeengagedinbefondofcometoone’sfeetgoontoinpanicreachforturnoffworkoutHespoketous,madegesturesanddrewpicturesonpaper.,weknewwhathewanted.Thefragile(脆弱的)agreementwouldnotensuringlong-termpeacebetweenthetwocountries.EvenasachildHenryreading,andallthesmallchangethatcameintohishandswasspentonbooks.Thebabycalfeventuallyandsuckled（吸奶）,fulloflife..Atlastbecapableofwasfondofcametoitsfeet__________________________________________atlastbecapableofbeengagedinbefondofcometoone’sfeetgoontoinpanicreachforturnoffworkoutIt’sasimplerule:yourmobilephonemustwhileflying.“Fire,fire,”peopleshoutedandstartedrunningaround.Onceyou’vecompletedlevelone,it’stimetothenextstep.Ifbothofyoucompromisealittle,I’msureyou’llasatisfactorysolution.Hesomuchhisbusinessthathehadlittletimeforhisfamily.Taylorisstrivingtoahighergoal,thatis,hewantstobepresidentoftheuniversity..9.10.beturnedoffinpanicgoontoworkoutwasengagedinreachfor___________________________________________________________Completetheanswerstothefollowingquestionsbyusing“do”foremphasis.StructureModel:—HowcanIunderstandBachsinceI’mtone-deaf?—Butyoudohaveanear!1.—Didtheteachersaythattheexamwascanceled?—Yes,shedidsaythat_______________2.—WasitadreamthatyousawtwopeoplefromMars(火星)yesterday?—No,Ididseethemyesterday______________________3.—Doyoureallymeantoquitsuchaprofitablejob?—Believeme,Idomeantoquitthejob______________________4.—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulikebest,poporcountry?—Idon’tlikecountrymusicverymuch,butIdolikepopmusicalot____________________Toshowemphasis,inserttheword“very”intotheproperplaceineachsentencebelow.Model:Suppose,atyourfirstcontactwithnumbers…→Suppose,atyourveryfirstcontactwithnumbers…1.

Itwassaidthatthewriterwasborninthishumblecottage.Itwassaidthatthewriterwasborninthisveryhumblecottage.2.Thistraditionhasbeenkeptuntiltoday.Thisverytraditionhasbeenkeptuntiltoday.(or:Thistraditionhasbeenkeptuntilthisveryday.)3.

Martinwasthemanwhoproducedthewidelyacceptedproposal.Martinwastheverymanwhoproducedthewidelyacceptedproposal.4.

It’sthatprideofyoursthat’sblindingyoufromyourfaults.It’sthatveryprideofyoursthat’sblindingyoufromyourfaults._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ClozeFillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriateword.

IstillfindeachdaytooshortforallthethoughtsIwanttothink,allthewalksIwantto(1),allthebooksIwantto(2),andallthefriendsIwanttosee.The(3)Ilivethemoremyminddwells(4)thebeautyandwonderoftheworld…Ihavelovedthe(5)ofthegrassundermyfeet,andthesoundoftherunningstreams(6)myside.Thehumofthewindinthetreetopshasalwaysbeenlovely(7)tome,andthefaceofthefieldshasoftencomforted(8)morethanthefacesofmen.Iamin(9)withthisworld…Ihavetilleditssoil,Ihave(10)itsharvest,Ihavewaiteduponitsseasons,andalwayshaveIreaped(收获)(11)Ihavesown(播种).takereadlongeruponfeelbymusicmelovegatheredwhat__________________________________________________________

Ihaveclimbedits(12),roameditsforests,saileditswaters,crosseditsdeserts(沙漠),(13)thesting(刺痛)ofitsfrosts,theoppressionofitsheats,thedrench(浸透)ofitsrains,thefury(