牛津版中考英语复习非谓语动词

~~第22页~初中英语牛津版中考一轮复习非谓语动词基本概念一、非谓语动词非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：todo 2、动词的ing:doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动todotohavedonetobedoing被动tobedongtohavebeendoneing形式主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for/ofsb.todosth.动词ing形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing(-ing形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing。对比学习一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如： isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.Thewalk B.C.walk D.it作形式主语，即用句型：Itis+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpus.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较a、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：Myjobisteaching/toteachEnglish.Knowingwhowearemeansknowingwhatweliketodo.b、分词作表语一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。 Themovieisexciting. areexcitedatthenews.cseem/appear)，prove/turnout被证明是)，remain)等连系动词Heseemed(tobeveryHavingatripabroadisgoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit.二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词：a.（想要）want,wouldlike,wouldprefer,ask,demand,intend,desire,b.（希望）wish,hope,expect,c.（决定）agree,decide,manage,promise,choose,continue,plan,prepare,makeupone’smind,tryone’sbest,offer,apply,d. happen,learn,fail,pretend,refuse,afford2、只能接动名词的动词：suggest,advise(建议),finish,mind(介意)，enjoy(喜欢)，appreciate(鉴赏，感激)，forbid(禁止)，avoid(避免)，can’thelpdoing(忍不住)，risk(冒险)，feellike(想要)，delay,putoff(推迟)，giveup(放弃)，bebusy(忙于)，beworth(值得)，practise(反复练习)3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：remembertodo记得去做 rememberdoing记得做过forgettodo忘记去做 forgetdoing忘记做过了regrettodo遗憾去做 regretdoing后悔做过trytodo设法去做 trydoing试着做goontodo接着做另一件事 goondoing继续做同一件事,meantodo打算做 meandoing意味着做stoptodo停下来去做 stopdoing停止做canthelp(to)do不能帮助做 can’thelpdoing忍不住做。练一练：InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans foranotherA.waiting B.towait C.wait D.tobewaiting4、表示未实现的愿望的动词,即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做plan,intend,mean,want,hope,wish,expect,hadplannedtodosth./plannedtohavedone来表示。like/lovewouldliketohavedoneIwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishthereport.Atogo B.tohavegone Cgoing D.havinggone5、要接动名词的几个句型prevent/stop/keep sb./sthfromdoing阻止…做)spend/wastetime/moneyindoingsth.在…花费或浪费时间或钱howabout/whataboutdoinghavesomedifficulty/trouble/problemsindoing在做…有困难haveahard/goodtimeindoing做…很艰难或做…很愉快Thereisnosense/pointindoing6to的短语lookforwardto盼望，devote…to致力于、献身于，be/getusedtoleadto导致，getdownto着手做，payattentionto注意，referto谈到，所指，参考，equalto等于，能胜任，belongto练一练：MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto someschoolforpoorchildren.Asetup Bsettingup C.havesetup D.havingset7but（除了）后接不定式：havenochoicebuttodosth.没有别的选择只好做…butdo时，butto.练一练：Sandycoulddonothingbut tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.toadmitpermit/allow允许)，advise建议)，forbid禁止)，有两种用法：一是后接动名词，二是后接“sb.todosth”9、need,want,require意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型：need,want,requiredoing 用动词ing三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较1、不定式作宾语补足语，如：asksbtodosth(sb作宾语，todosth作宾补，宾语＋宾补＝复合宾语)类似动词有：invite,tell,want,encourage,advise,order,requir,foce,beg,cause,allow,permit,forbid（禁止）,warn（警告）,remind,teach,callon(号召)，dependon(指望)，wouldlike/love(想要)，prefer,wish,expect,(hope不带复合宾语)注：helpsb(to)dosth.2、使役动词后接不带to的不定式let/make/havesbdosth. 但使役动词的被动语态常用：bemadetodosth.3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式感官动词：feel,see,hearwatch,

句型：感官动词＋sb+do/doing/done (分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher upfromchildhood.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrowThemissingboywaslastseen neartheA.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplay4、with的复合结构：with宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是：形容词、副词（in,out）,介词短语，非谓语形式的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式todo表示被动和完成。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands behindhisback.A.beingtied B.havingtied C.tobetied D.tied5、have句型：havesbdosth,havesb/sthdoing,have sb/sthdonehavesthdone表示两种意义：请别人做，而不是主语做；意外事故引起的。Hedidn’tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch .A.torepair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair6、find+宾语+宾补（doing/done）,keep+宾+doing,catchsb+doing(撞见某人在做)，smellsb+doing(察觉到某人在做)Helookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketofapassager.A.put B.tobeputting C.toput D.putting7“认为”think,believe,considerjudgethinksbtobeadj./n.beconsideredtohavedonesth.被认为已做了某事8、makeoneselfunderstood/heard/known,即用了过去分词作作宾补9、句型Itissaid/reported/thought/knownthat….sb/sthbesaid/reportedtohavedonesth.Robertissaid abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied B.tostudy C.tobestudying D.tohavebeenstudying四、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：todo,inordertodo, soastodoglad,sad,surpried,disappointed.onlytodo…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。too…todo,enoughtodo,so/suchastodo中，不定式也作结果状语在形容词后作状语，只用不定式2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：（if,unless,whn,while,one一旦）thu,tog）练一练： time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.Havinggiven B.give C.Giving D.Given五、三种非谓语形式作定语定语的比较1、不定式作定语常表示“用…要做”和“修饰the+序数词”。常用句型：have/therebe…/with+宾语+todo2、分词作定语：单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在后面。（1）TheymadeeffortstobringstolenculturalrelicsbacktoChina.(过去分词表被动和完成)（2）Iwanttowriteaboutpeopleaddictedtodrugs.asleepingboy(= );aswimmingpool(= )fallingleaves );fallenleaves 3、tobedone,beingdone,done作定语的区别六、几个特殊句式1)Whynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth?2)hadbetter(not)dosth.最好做3)wouldrather(not)dosth.宁愿做4)wouddo…ratherthando…wouldratherdo…thando…prefertodo….ratherthando…preferdoing…todoing…宁愿做….而不愿做七、疑问词＋不定式结构1)what/whichtodowhat/which作do的逻辑宾语，what意为“什么”，which表示选择”2)when/where/howtodosth.whethertodosth.(if)why(not)dosth.(whyto)“疑问词＋不定式”在句中作主语或宾语八、特殊的独立结构1）现在分词的独立结构judgingfrom/by…,generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking2)不定式的独立结构totellyouthetruth,tomakethingsworse,tobegin/startwith3)动词原形：Believeitornot(信不信由你)4considering（…而言，proiig/proiddsupong假如这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that从句。九、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。

十、我的重要笔记

stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.“stoptodosth.”表示停止做其它事情而去做“todosth.”所表示的事情，可以将“todosth.”理解成“stop”的目的状语；“stopdoingsth.”表示不做“doingsth.”所表示的事情。例如：“Stoptalking.Let’sbeginourclass.”saidtheteacher.老师说：“别说话了，让我们开始上课。”Wehavekeptdoingourhomeworkforalongtime.Let’sstoptolistentomusic.我们做家庭作业很长时间了，让我们停下来听听音乐。forgettodosth.forgetdoingsth.(remembertodosth.rememberdoingsth.)“forgettodosth.”表示将来不要忘记做某事，谈的是未来的事情；“forgetdoingsth.”表示忘记过去应该做的事情。例如：“Don’tforgettodoyourhomework.”saidtheteacherbeforetheclasswasover.老师在下课前说：“不要忘记做家庭作业。”“I’msorry.Iforgotdoingmyhomework.MayIhanditinthisafternoon,Mr.Chen?”saidLiMing.李明说：“对不起，我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗，陈老师？”e..（过去分词（让别人）做某事例如：Ihadmyhaircutyesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午理了发。Mycomputercannotworknow.Imusthaveitrepaired.我的电脑有故障了，我必须让人修好它。to的不定式或者现在分词的区别例如：seesb.dosth.看见某人（经常）做某事和seesb.doingsth.看见某人（正在）做某事Ioftenseehimdoexerciseinthemorning.我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。WhenIwaswalkinginthepark,Isawhimdrawingapicturethere.当我在公园散步的时候，我看见他正在那里画画。(seefeelwatch等)和使役动词(make,have,let等)to的不定式做宾语补足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上to。例如：Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork10hoursaday.Theworkersweremadetowork10hoursaday.Shewasheardtousestronglanguage.听说她骂人了。常用的几个和不定式有关的句型：Whynotdosth?为什么不做某事？Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花了某人多长时间。Itis/was+形容词+(forsb.)+todosth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样。toto的区别preferdoingsth.todoingsth. 喜欢做……不喜欢做lookforwardtodoingsth.期待/盼望做某事makeacontributiontodoingsth.为……做出贡献现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词含有正在进行的意思，而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思，如：adevelopingcountry发展中国家 adevelopedcountry发达国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100℃) boiledwater开水（已经烧开的水，水可以依然很高，也可以是凉白开）aboynamedJimJim的男孩有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征，但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征；他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思，用来说明人的情况。Iaminterestedinthisinterestingstory.我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。Iammovedatthemovingsight.我被这动人的情景感动了。Theywereamazedattheamazingfacts.他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。常见固定表达todo连用的固定搭配asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事 bepleased/begladtodosth.很高兴做某事can'twaittodosth. 迫不及待地做某事 can'taffordtodosth. 不能担负起干某事decidetodosth.决定做某事 do/tryone'sbesttodosth.尽全力做某事donothingtodosth. 对……无能为力 deservetodosth. 值得干某事形容词/副词+enoughtodosth. 足以做某事 encouragesb.todosth. 鼓励某人做某事find+it+形容词+todosth. 发现做某事… getreadytodosth. 准备做某事goontodosth. 继续做某事 hopetodosth. 希望做某事improvesth.todosth. 改善/提高某物来干某事 invitesb.todosth. 邀请某人干某事It'sbettertodosth. 干某事比较好 It'stimetodosth. 到该做某事的时间了。liketodosth. 喜欢做某事…… likesb.todosth. 喜欢某人做某事lovetodosth. 爱做某事 learntodosth. 学会做某事makeone'smindtodosth. 下决心做某事 makealistoffivewaystodosth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单needtodosth. 需要做某事 plantodosth. 计划干某事prefertodosth.+ratherthandosth.喜欢……不喜欢…… refusetodosth. 拒绝干某事remembertodo记得要去做某事 Thebesttimetodosth.is… 干某事的最佳时间是……stoptodosth. 停下来去做另一件事 start/begintodosth. 开始做某事seemtodosth. 似乎要做某事 setone'smindtodosth. 一心要做某事tellsb.todosth. 告诉某人做某事 too…todosth. 太……以致于不能……trytodosth.努力/试着去做…… thinkitnecessaryforsb.todosth. 认为某人有必要干某事There'snotimetodosth. 没时间做某事 teachsb.(how)todosth. 教某人干某事usedtodosth. 过去常常干某事 wishsb.todosth. 希望某人做某事wouldlovetodosth. 很愿意做某事 wouldlike(sb.)todosth. 想让某人做某事wanttodosth. 想做某事和doing连用的固定搭配

watchsb.doingsth. 观看某人正在做…… stopdoingsth.

停止做某事rememberdoingsth.记得已做过某事 trydoingsth.

努力/试着去做likedoingsth. 喜欢做某事 forgetdoingsth.

忘记已做过某goondoingsth. 继续做某事 bebusydoingsth. 忙于做某事beworthdoingsth. 某事值得一做 carryondoingsth. 继续做某couldn'thelpdoingsth. 忍不住做某事 finishdoingsth. 完成某事feellikedoingsth. 想做某事 gohiking 远足giveupdoingsth. 放弃做某事 havefundoingsth. 感到做某事很有乐haveproblemsdoingsth. 做某事遇到了很多问题 hearsb.doingsth. 听见某人正在做某事hatedoingsth. 不喜欢做某事 Itis+形容词+doingsth. 做某事……keepondoingsth./keepdoingsth. 持续做某事 minddoingsth. 介意做某事makeitpossiblebydoingsth. 使做某事成为可能 preventsb.fromdoingsth. 阻止某人干某事practisedoingsth. 练习做某事 seesb.doingsth. 看见某人正在干某事preferdoingsth.todoingsth. 宁愿做……也不做……喜欢做……不喜欢做……stopsb.fromdoingsth. 阻止某人干某事Therebesb./sth.doingsth.某地有某人或某物正在做某事 Thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做了某事takeanactivepartindoingsth. 积极参加做某事 usesth.fordoingsth. 用某物做某事(beusedtodosth.)Whataboutdoingsth.? 做某事怎么样？ withoutdoingsth. 没有干某事workallnightdoingsth. 工作整晚做某事和do连用的固定搭配hearsb.dosth. 听见某人做过做某事(sb.beheardtodosth.) watchsb.dosth.观看某人做了……feelsb.dosth. 感觉某人做了某事 havesb.dosth. 使得某人做某hadbetter+(not)dosth. 最好做（不做）某事 letsb.dosth. 让某人做某事makesb.dosth. 使某人做某事(sb.bemadetodosth.) Whynotdosth? 为何不做某事?练一练asksb.todosth. bepleased/begladtodosth. can'twaittodosth. can'taffordtodosth.decidetodosth. do/tryone'sbesttodosth. donothingtodosth. deservetodosth.形容词/副词+enoughtodosth. encouragesb.todosth. find+it+形容词+todosth.…getreadytodosth.goontodosth.hopetodosth. improvesth.todosth. invitesb.todosth.It'sbettertodosth.It'stimetodosth.liketodosth.likesb.todosth.lovetodosth.learntodosth.makeone'smindtodosth.makealistoffivewaystodosth.needtodosth. plantodosth. prefertodosth.+ratherthandosth.……refusetodosth.remembertodoThebesttimetodosth.is…stoptodosth.start/begintodosth.seemtodosth.setone'smindtodosth.tellsb.todosth.too…todosth.trytodosth. thinkitnecessaryforsb.todosth. There'snotimetodosth. teachsb.(how)dosth.usedtodosth. wishsb.todosth. wouldlovetodosth. wouldlike(sb.)todosth.wanttodosth.doing连用的固定搭配watchsb.doingsth. stopdoingsth. rememberdoingsth. trydoingsth.likedoingsth. forgetdoingsth. goondoingsth. bebusydoingbeworthdoingsth. carryondoingsth. couldn'thelpdoingsth. enjoydoingsth.feelsb.doingsth. finishdoingsth. feellikedoingsth. gohikinggiveupdoingsth. havefundoingsth. haveproblemsdoingsth. hearsb.doingsth.hatedoingsth. Itis+形容词+doingsth. keepondoingsth./keepdoingsth. minddoingsth.makeitpossiblebydoingsth. preventsb.fromdoingsth. practisedoingsth. seesb.doingpreferdoingsth.todoingsth. stopsb.fromdoingsth. Therebesb./sth.doingsth.Thanksb.fordoingsth. takeanactivepartindoingsth.usesth.fordoingsth.(beusedtodosth.) Whataboutdoingsth.?withoutdoingsth. workallnightdoingsth.和do连用的固定搭配hearsb.dosth. (sb.beheardtodosth.)watchsb.dosth.feelsb.dosth. havesb.dosth.hadbetter+(not)dosth.letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth.(sb.bemadetodosth.)Whynotdosth?单项选择1 Whynot yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish itbyyourself?A.ask,write B.toask,writing C.ask,writing D.asking,write2—Hi,Canyoutellmewhen forLondon?—Yes,tomorrowafternoon.A.leaving B.leaves C.toleave D.areyouleaving—MayIlistentothemusichere,White?—Sorry,you’dbetter itlikethat.A.nottodo B.notdo C.don’tdo D.notdotoMoreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething theold.A.served B.toserve C.serve D.servesThefruitsaladtastesdelicious.Couldyoutellme ?A.wheretodoit B.whentodoit C.whattodo D.howtodoitPeterisbusy atschool,butheneverforgets exerciseeveryA.working,doing B.working,todo C.atwork,doingWhydidyoubuyaradio? English.A.Learn B.Learning C.learn D.BelearningDoyouknowNeilArmstrong?Heisthefirstman onthemoon.A.walk B.walks C.towalk D.walked—Haveyoumadeupyourmind thesickkids?—Bysingingsongs.A.whattotell B.howtocheerup C.whentohelp D.wheretolookafterThedoctordidwhathecould thedyingman.A.save B.tosave C.saved D.savingTheglobalfinancialcrisis(金融危机)hasmademanypeople theirA.tocarefor B.tookcareof C.becarefulwith D.tobecaredabout–Mum,canIhavesomething ?–Oh,canonlydrinksomeThereis inthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelse B.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelse D.eating;nothingelsemustdoeverythingwecan wastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.keep B.kept C.tokeep D.keepingThedoctordidwhathecould thedyingman.A.save B.tosave C.saved D.savingMyroommateoftenasksme hertoplaychess.A.teach B.teaching C.toteachHe’llusewhathehas heranewdress.A.bought B.tobuy C.buying D.beenboughtXiaoLisaidshewouldrather joinus.A.didnot B.tonot C.not D.nottoTheoldladydidn’tknow whenthehousecaughtfire.A.howtodo B.howtodoit C.whattodo D.whattodoitTheteacheraskedBen adifficultquestioninclass.A.answer B.answering C.toanswer D.answeredEveryoneshouldknow tosavethemselveswhenafirebreaksout.A.whether B.what C.when D.howWhatshouldwedotofightA/H1N1flu?shouldwashhandsoften,avoid tocrowdedplacesandsoon.A.go B.going C.gone D.togoThewomanmadehisson finallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughed B.tolaugh C.laugh D.laughingWhenwepracticespeakingEnglish，weoftenendup inChinese．A．tospeak B.speaking C.spoken D.TherearesomanykindsofMP5intheshop.can’tdecide .A.whattobuy B.tobuywhat C.whichtobuy D.tobuywhichHowabout intheriverwithus?SorryIcan’t．Myparentsoftentellme that．A.swim,don’tdoB.swim,todo C.swimming,notdo D.swimming,nottodo— moreabouttomorrow’sweather,call121.—OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.Knowing C.know D.KnownDon’tforget myparentswhenyouareinBeijing.OK!Iwon’t.A.tosee B.sees C.seeingIfthequestion incorrectly, questionwillbegiventoyou.A.isanswered,other B.answer,otherC.isanswered,another D.answer,anotherMyfootballsocksare out.Howlonghaveyou them?A.worn,bought B.wearing,had C.wearing,bought D.worn,hadcan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob, outoftheA.looking B.tolook C.looked D.havinglooked完形填空：GilbertjoinedtheScienceClublastOnedayhewashandedapieceofpaper,ablockofwoodandfourwheels；hewast