2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解之词义猜测课件 28张

StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题策略与技巧Mastergeneralstepsandsometipsofguesssingthemeaningsofwords,phrasesorsentences.Developyourabilitytoanalyse,compareandsummarize.Usewhatyouhavelearnedtosolvetheproblem.Bebraveandconfidentinfaceofdifficulty.LearningaimsHowtodealwithunfamiliarwordsandexpressionsyoucomeacrossinreading?Ignorethemandcontinuereading?Guessthemeaningofthem?Lookthemupinthedictionary?hazyThemainpointoftheplaniscleartome;butthedetailsarehazy.greenhandOnthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily,becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade(同志，伙伴）.Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,“takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。Guessing2016-2021年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表2021年2020年2019年2018年2017年2016年全国卷Ⅰ1短语Safe!Safe!Safe!1单词currency1单词stumble1单词dominant2代词that;短语thewatercather1单词courier全国卷Ⅱ1单词concede1单词collapsed1代词短语tugattheheartstring1单词juicer2代词that;句子thetableareturned.1单词downside全国卷Ⅲ(新高考全国卷）1单词decimate1单词keepingtabson1短语takingon1句子Moreismore1单词displaced1短语apipedream高考阅读理解词义猜测题考查方向：主要考查学生根据上下文推测和判断单词、短语或者句子在阅读材料中含义的能力考查类别：123单词、短语含义猜测题句意猜测题代词指代猜测题阅读理解词义猜测题解题策略3“3-4-5”

策略45三种类别四个步骤五个解题密码阅读理解词义猜测题解题步骤四步曲1234定位分析Locatetheunderlinedword确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置Analysetherelationwithcodes运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系对比Compareandchoosetheanswer仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项核查Rereadandconfirmtheanswer将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案

一、逻辑关系猜词义LogicalRelation123同义或近义关系反义关系因果关系同义或近义关系synonymornear-synonym

猜一猜1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.2.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople’shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.健谈的有害的利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as...as,justas,similarly等1反义关系猜一猜：3.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknown.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.4.Itriedhardnottomakeseriousmistakes,butIslippedup.傲慢的，高傲的出差错，疏忽利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等2因果关系Causalrelation5.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingarentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Attheointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”(全国Ⅱ2019阅读理解B）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugatheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.encourageteamworkB.appealtofeeling.C.promotegooddeeds.D.provideadvice.3利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin,accordingly,so...that等123下定义定语从句同位语

二、解释说明法

Explanation

45举例标点符号123下定义定语从句同位语猜一猜：1.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.3.Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.哑剧变戏法的人语义学下定义：is,mean,refersto,namely等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。4举例对点真题：4....allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018.全国卷Ⅰ.C)A.complexB.advancedC.powerfulD.modern关注

suchas,forexample,forinstance

可以通过所举事例推知前面内容！5标点符号冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。猜一猜：5.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.6.Weareonthenightshift——frommidnightto7a.m.期刊夜班

三、构词法Formation

123合成法派生法转化法（考点熟词生义）1合成法合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词猜一猜：ill-treat

single-handednew-borncolor-blind虐待独自新生的色盲的对点真题：Encouragethiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”A.mistakeB.drawbackC.difficultyD.burden2派生法通过再词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。1.Doyouhaveanystrongopinioncoeducationalorsingle-sexschools?2.It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlookingthebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint.

3转化法（考点熟词生义）转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查猜一猜：1.Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloudyourjudgment.2.Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.模糊狼吞虎咽四、生活常识和文化背景（commonsense)对点真题：Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.EnoughisenoughC.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。五、利用上下文语境（context）对点真题:MyFavoriteBooks

JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahl

IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfumyandfrightening,butthey'realsoaspirational.1.Whatdoes'I"referto?(2019.全国卷2)A.StephenKing.

B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar.

D.RoaldDahl利用一下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等SummaryExercise1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeeping_tabs_onmorethan2，000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants”，“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper”，havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Listingcompletely.

B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.

D．Watchingcarefully.2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica，theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately，ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever­increasingpopulations，greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).Whatdoestheunderlinedword