四川省广安市友谊中学实验学校2022年高三英语上学期期末试题含解析

四川省广安市友谊中学实验学校2022年高三英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.Itwas____myconfidenceforpublicspeakingthatItookthecourse，nottoimproveperformanceinexaminations．（）A．building B．tobuildC．build D．tohavebuilt参考答案：B．我学习这个课程是为了建立公共演讲时的自信，而不是在考试时提高成绩．分析句子结构可知，句子"ItwasmyconfidenceforpublicspeakingthatItookthecourse"是强调句型，如果把"Itwas…that"这个词去掉，句子应该理解为"Itookthecoursetobuildnottoimproveperformanceinexaminations"在语法和逻辑上都是成立的．句子不定式作目的状语．此题考查强调句型．针对"强调句型"类的试题，无论被强调的部分是什么句子成分，如果去掉强调句型的骨架"Itwas/is…that"，原句句子成分齐全，句意通顺，我们就可以断定题干为强调句型．2.—Arewegoingtobelateforthemovie?—________.Westillhavehalfanhourbeforethemoviebegins.A.Hurryup

B.Enjoyyourtime

C.Goodluck

D.Takeyourtime参考答案：D【命题立意】考查交际英语的用法。句意：---我们看电影晚了吗？---别急。电影开始前还有半个小时。Hurryup快点；enjoyyourtime玩地高兴点；goodluck祝你好运；takeyourtime慢慢来，别急。根据题干下面的halfanhour判断。故选D。3.Oppositetheoldtownisthe5500metersYulongXueshanMountain,itspeak_______withsnow.A.iscovered

B.covered

C.covering

D.covers参考答案：B4.Thescientistsaredoingeverythingtheycan_____thedyingNortheastTigers.A.save

B.tosave

C.saving

D.tohavesaved参考答案：B5.Noagreement______,therepresentativeswantedanotherroundoftalk.A.reaching B.reached C.toreach D.tobereached参考答案：B【详解】考查独立主格用法。句意：代表们没有达成协议，要求再进行一轮会谈。agreement与reach是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该采用非谓语的done形式表示被动关系，故选B。【点睛】独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”构成，其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用，其后的“形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”起逻辑谓语的作用。注意，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。过去分词“独立结构”表示已发生的动作，主语与过去分词之间为被动关系。如：Thejobfinished，wewenthome.工作结束后我们就回家了。Thequestionsettled，theywentbacktotheirrespectiveposts.这问题解决后，他们就回到各自的岗位上去了。Allthingsconsidered，IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.各方面考虑起来，我想我们应当把工作交给乔治。33.---Whatalotofmoney!Isitmeantforme?

---Yes,darling.Ifyougetfullmarksintheexam,you’llhave_____that.

A.morethantwicethan

B.morethantwiceasmuchasC.twiceasmuchthan

D.asmuchtwiceas参考答案：B略7.—Shallwegoforadrinkatoneo’clockthisafternoon?

—_______.Willtwoo’clockbeOK?A.Sure,it’suptoyou

B.Sure,noproblemC.Sorry,Ican’tmakeit

D.Sorry,I’mnotavailabletoday参考答案：C8.ProfessorLi

forhisinformativelecture,waswarmlyreceivedbythestudents.A．known

B．knowing

C．havingknown

D．tobeknown参考答案：A9.Foodstuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’sleft.A.haverunout

B.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunout

D.arebeingrunout参考答案：B略10.Theonlyproblemwas______wekeptgettinglost!ButpeopleinTianjinwereveryfriendlyandhelpful.A.that B.why C.whether D.what参考答案：A【详解】考查连接接词辨析。句意：唯一的问题是我们总是迷路！但是天津人非常友好，乐于助人。A.that名词性从句连接词；B.why为什么；C.whether是否；D.what什么。根据系动词was可知此处是that引导的表语从句，表语从句中that只起连接作用，没有含义。故选A项。11.Althoughhewasdisabled,hetriedtolead

aspossible.A.asnormalalifeB.sonormalalife

C.asanormallife

D.soanormallife参考答案：A12.Globalwarminghasbeenmoreandmoreobviousandhumanactivityisthemain

.

A．drive

B．situation C．rival

D．disaster参考答案：A13.Totheirdisappointment,thecouple_____thehousebutcouldn'tfindthemissingring,whichwastobringthemintogreattrouble.A.gotthrough

B.wentthrough

C.livedthrough

D.lookedthrough参考答案：B14.WhenMaryfoundthatsomebodyhadstolenherdoll,she_____cryingherheartout.

A.broughtup

B.pickedup

C.endedup

D.tookup参考答案：C考查动词短语辨析。句意：当玛丽现有人偷了她的玩具娃娃时，她哭得心都碎了。bringup养大；pickup拾起；endup以……为结果；takeup从事，忙于，占据。15.EveryDecemberNobelPrizes______topeoplewhohavemadeoutstandingcontributionsto

theworld． A．award

B．areawarded

C．awarded

D．wereawarded参考答案：B16.Thisbookcontainsa________ofseveralarticlesinnuclearphysicssoyoucanreaditbeforeyoureadthebookindetail.

A.digest B.digestion C.preview D.manual参考答案：A试题分析：考查名词辨析。名词digest摘要；digestion消化，领悟；preview试映，预演；预告片；象征，预示；manual手册，指南；句意：这本书里有一些关于核物理的摘要，所以在你详细阅读这些书之前，你可以阅读这些摘要。本题的indetail是关键词，与“digest摘要”对应。故A正确。二、完型填空17..Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,

the7:30trainfromPaddingtonA.caught

B.tohavecaught

C.tocatch

D.havingcaught参考答案：D三、阅读理解18.Ifwewantafairshotattransitioningtorenewableenergy,we’llneedonecriticalthing:technologiesthatcanchangeelectricityfromwindandsunintoachemicalfuelforstorageandviceversa(反之亦然).Commercialdevicesthatdothisexist,butmostarecostlyandperformonlyhalfoftheexpectation.Now,researchershavecreatedsmalllab-scaledevicesthatdobothjobs.Iflargerversionsworkaswell,theywouldhelpmakeitpossible—oratleastmoreaffordable—toruntheworldonrenewables.Themarketforsuchtechnologieshasgrownalongwithrenewables:In2007,solarandwindprovidedjust0.8%ofallpowerintheUnitedStates:in2017,thatnumberwas8%,accordingtotheU.S.EnergyInformationAdministration.Butthedemandforelectricityoftendoesn’tmatchthesupplyfromsolarandwind.InsunnyCalifornia,forexample,solarpanelsregularlyproducemorepowerthanneededinthemiddleoftheday,butnoneatnight,aftermostworkersandstudentsreturnhome.Somecompaniesarebeginningtoinstallmassiverowsofbatteriesinhopesofstoringextraenergyandbalancingthefinancialsheet.Butbatteriesarecostlyandstoreonlyenoughenergytobackupthepowersystemforafewhoursatmost.Anotheroptionistostoretheenergybytransformingitintohydrogenfuel.Devicescalledelectrolyzers(电解器)dothisbyusingelectricity—ideallyfromsolarandwindpower—tobreakdownwaterintooxygenandhydrogengas,acarbon-freefuel.Asecondsetofdevicescalledfuelcellscanthentransformthathydrogenbacktoelectricitytopowercars,trucks,andbuses,ortofeedittothepowersystem.Butcommercialelectrolyzersandfuelcellsusedifferentcatalysts(催化剂)tospeedupthetworeactions,meaningasingledevicecantdobothjobs.Theresearchersmustconquerthis.“Theydidareallygoodjobwiththat.”saysSossinaHaile,achemistatNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston.Still,sheholdsacautiousviewthatbothhernewdeviceandtheonefromtheO’Hayrelabaresmalllaboratorydemonstrations.Forthetechnologytohaveasocietalimpact,researcherswillneedtoscaleupthebutton-sizedevices,aprocessthattypicallyreducesperformance.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewdevicefromthefirstparagraph?A.Itsuniversaluseremainstobeseen.B.Itismoreexpensivebutmorepractical.C.Itcantransformmorerenewableenergy.D.Itisthemostadvancedaroundtheworld.9.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.TherapiddevelopmentofAmericantechnologies.B.Thepotentialmarketforenergytransformationtechnologies.C.Thehistoryofenergytransformationtechnologies.D.ThelackofpowerinCalifornia.10.Whatmaytheresearchersfocusonnext?A.Lesseningcostlybatteries.B.Increasingtheefficiencyofthetworeactions.C.Lookingforonesharedcatalystsforthetworeactions.D.Breakingdownwaterintoacarbon-freefuelwithoutusingelectricity.11.WhatisHaile’sattitudetothefutureofthenewdevice?A.Positive. B.Negative.C.Critical. D.Cautious.参考答案：8.A

9.B

10.C

11.D【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍一种能够转化可再生能源的新装置。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Now,researchershavecreatedsmalllab-scaledevicesthatdobothjobs.Iflargerversionsworkaswell,theywouldhelpmakeitpossible—oratleastmoreaffordable—toruntheworldonrenewables.”可知，现在，研究人员已经创造出了同时具备这两种功能的实验室规模的设备。如果更大的版本也能发挥作用，它们将有助于使世界上使用可再生能源成为可能——或者至少更经济实惠。所以通过关键词“smalllab-scaledevices，if引导的条件状语从从句”可以推断出，这种新装置大规模地投入使用还需拭目以待。故选A项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。由第二段“Themarketforsuchtechnologieshasgrownalongwithrenewables”可知，这类技术的市场随着可再生能源的发展而增长以及对市场增长的具体介绍可知，第二段主要说明这个新装置潜在的市场很大。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Butcommercialelectrolyzersandfuelcellsusedifferentcatalysts(催化剂)tospeedupthetworeactions,meaningasingledevicecantdobothjobs.Theresearchersmustconquerthis.”可知，但是商业电解器和燃料电池用不同的催化剂加速这两种反应，这意味着一个设备不能同时做这两件事。研究人员必须攻克这个难题。这个难题是必须攻克的，也是研究人员下一步要集中解决的问题。所以推断出，接下来研究人员会主攻这两种反应能够共用的催化剂。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still,sheholdsacautiousviewthatbothhernewdeviceandtheonefromtheO’Hayrelabaresmalllaboratorydemonstrations.Forthetechnologytohaveasocietalimpact,researcherswillneedtoscaleupthebutton-sizedevices,aprocessthattypicallyreducesperformance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就没有问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故选D项。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。根据最后一段“Still,sheholdsacautiousviewthatbothhernewdeviceandtheonefromtheO’Hayrelabaresmalllaboratorydemonstrations.Forthetechnologytohaveasocietalimpact,researcherswillneedtoscaleupthebutton-sizedevices,aprocessthattypicallyreducesperformance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就有没问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故小题4选D项。19.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Rememberyourfirstromanticdisappointment?Rememberthepainandunhappinessofbreakingup-theuncertainty?Winnerecallsfeelingverysadafterherfirsttruelovedesertedher.Hermothercameintoherroomcarryingabeautifulnightgown（女睡衣）andhandedittoher,gaveherahugandsaid,“Iknowyouarefeelingheartbroken.Ithoughtyoucouldusesomethingtomakeyoufeelbeautifulrightnow.”Thenightgowndidn’tmakeWinne’shurtgoaway,butsheknewthathermotherunderstoodandcaredaboutherfeelings.Asaparent,asmuchasyouwanttomakeitallbetterforyourteen,givethemspace.Tellhimorherthatbreak-upsarehardandyouarethereforhimorherwheneverheorshewantstospeaktoyou.Thenletitgo.Teenagegirlsoftendealwithbreak-upsbytalkingonthephonewiththeirfriendsordivingintotheInternetforalongchat.Theyreviewallthehurtsandpainswhicharebeingcured.Boysreacttobrokenrelationshipsdifferently.Boysoftenbecomeangrysincethat,unfortunately,istheonlyemotionalchoicethatsocietyacceptsforboys.Someboyshidetheirpain.Respectyourteen,whenarelationshipbreaksup.Ittakestimetogetoverit,andtheonlywaytogetthroughthatistogetthroughit.Sometimesteenagersgetintotroublewhiletryingtofeelacceptedagainorwinbackalovedone.Keepreachingouttotroubledteenagers.Atfirst,teenswillrefuseaparent’sattemptstohelp.Don’tbeafraidtoinsist.Teenbreak-upscancauseheart-wrenchingpain（心如刀绞）,butsoonerorlaterteen