2023学年完整版Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步练习4

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步练习Ⅰ.阅读理解InLosAngeles,driversspendsixty­onehourseveryyearstuckintraffic.Thesedriversknowalltoowellhowbadthetrafficcanbe.“There'retoomanycars,andyoucan'tmovearoundalot.”ProfessorCyrusShahabialsoknowsabouttrafficjams.Helivesmorethan65kilometersfromhisofficeattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,inLosAngeles.Heisalwayslateevenwiththehelpofanavigation(导航)system.HedecidedtodevelopaprogramcalledClearPathforthat.Hesayshisprogramuseshistoricaldatatopredicttrafficconditionsevenbeforethedriverleavesthehouse.“What'suniqueisthatweusealotofdatathat'scurrentlybecomeavailableincludingtrafficdata,weatherdata,andweanalyzethatsothatwecanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappeninfrontofyouwhenyouleavehome.”ProfessorShahabisayshissystemdoesmorethanjustrespondtocurrenttrafficconditions.WithClearPath,hesays,adrivercandecidewhattimehewantstoleave,andClearPathwillgivethefastestroute.Itlooksattheentireroadnetwork,includingsurfacestreetsaswellashighways,beforethedriverhitstheroad.ProfessorShahabihopestohaveClearPathavailablenationwideandoverseasoncetheycancollecttrafficdatafromothercities.“IalwaysthoughtthatLosAngeleshadtheworsttraffic,butnowIknowthatShanghai,Beijing,Seoul,Tokyo,believeitornot,Singapore,HongKongcertainlyareexamplesthatcanimmediatelyusethis.”ProfessorShahabihopestosharethisnewtechnologywithcompaniesthatalreadyhavenavigationsystems,suchasGoogleandApple.1．DriversinLosAngeleswerementionedinorderto______.A．showcareforthem B．introducetheirlifeC．solvetrafficproblems D．raisethetopic2．WhatisuniqueaboutClearPath?A．Itcanusealotofinformationallovertheworld.B．Itcanensurethatyouwillneverbelateforwork.C．Ithelpsdriversseeclearlywhathappensontheroad.D．Ithelpsdriversknowtheroadconditionsaheadoftime.3．Theunderlinedword“hits”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A．haveanaccident B．gettoC．turnleftorright D．collecttrafficdata4．What'sProfessorShahabi'sattitudetowardhisinvention?A．Disappointed. B．Proud.C．Optimistic. D．Worried.答案与解析1．D写作意图题。通过举例来引起下文，提出主题。2．D细节理解题。由第三段中What'suniqueisthatweusealotofdatathat'scurrently...sothatwecanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappeninfrontofyouwhenyouleavehome.可知。3．B词义猜测题。由本段上一句可知，在司机出发之前，这个系统会对路况进行分析。4．C观点态度题。由文章最后一段可知，ProfessorShahabi希望自己的发明能够得到进一步推广，对前景很乐观。Ⅱ.完形填空DaleCarnegierosefromtheunknownofaMissourifarmtointernationalfamebecausehefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed.Itwasaneedthathefirst__1__backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetan__2__，hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.HisDadcouldn'taffordthe__3__atcollege,soDalehadtoridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.Studyhadtobedone__4__hisfarmworkroutines.Hewithdrewfrommanyschoolactivities__5__hedidn'thavethetimeorthe__6__.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetried__7__thefootballteam,butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo__8__.DuringthisperiodDalewasslowly__9__aninferioritycomplex(自卑感),whichhismotherknewcould__10__himfromachievinghisrealpotential.She__11__thatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthat__12__inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.Daletookhismother'sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts__13__madeit.Thisprovedtobea__14__pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe__15__heneeded.BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytophonorin__16__.Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey,__17__，werewinningcontests.Outofthisearlystruggleto__18__hisfeelingsofinferiority,Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto__19__anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson'sconfidence.And,__20__it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.1． B．filledC．supplied D．recognized2． B．educationC．advantage D．instruction3． B．boardC．teaching D．equipment4． B．duringC．over D．through5． B．whenC．because D．though6． B．interestC．talent D．clothes7． B．forC．in D．with8． B．flexibleC．optimistic D．outgoing9． B．achievingC．developing D．obtaining10． B．protectC．save D．free11． B．demandedC．required D．insisted12． B．practiceC．patience D．potential13． B．certainlyC．finally D．naturally14． B．breakingC．basic D．turning15． B．experienceC．competence D．confidence16．riding B．footballC．speech D．farming17．return B．inbriefC．inturn D．infact18． B．overcomeC．understand D．build19． B．stressC．contribute D．repeat20． B．beyondC．like D．with答案与解析本文为记叙文，主要介绍美国著名的人际关系学大师戴尔·卡耐基是如何通过演讲克服自卑走向成功的故事。1．D此处表示这是在1906年他第一次认识到的一种需要。故用recognize“认出；认识到；了解”。2．B根据下文提到的他的大学经历可知，此处表示他想接受教育。故用education。3．B他家庭很穷，他父亲付不起食宿费，因此他要骑马往返学校。training“训练”；board“食宿”；teaching“教学”；equipment“设备”，根据句意可知B项正确。4．A他不但要在农场工作，也要去上学。between“在……之间”符合语境。5．C他放弃许多学校活动，因为他没有时间或合适的服装。此处表示原因，故用because。6．D根据下文的“Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.”可知，此处表示没有参加这些活动的服装。7．B此处表示他为了进足球队努力过，但被教练拒绝。for表示目的。8．A只有light“轻”才能符合教练拒绝的理由。此处表示他身材矮小，体重轻。flexible“灵活的”；optimistic“乐观的”；outgoing“外向的”。9．C在这段时间里他慢慢地产生了自卑感。gain“获得”；achieve“完成，实现”；develop“发展，培养，形成”；obtain“获得”。此处表示慢慢培养的一种过程，故用develop。10．A他母亲知道这会阻止他发挥他的潜能。prevent...fromdoing“阻止……做某事”。11．A根据下文第三段开头“Daletookhismother'sadvice.”可知，此处表示他母亲对他的提议。故只有suggest合适。12．B母亲认为让他参加辩论小组，通过演讲可以让他获得信心。presence“在场”；practice“练习”；patience“耐心”；potential“潜能”。故B项正确。13．C他听从母亲的建议，发奋努力，经过几次尝试最终获得成功。finally“最后；终于”符合句意。14．D这次成功对他来说是一个转折点。aturningpoint“一个转折点”符合语境，表示他由自卑转为自信。15．D根据上下文可知他通过演讲最终获得他所需要的信心。progress“进步”；experience“经验，经历”；competence“能力”；confidence“信心”。D项符合语境。16．C根据上文提到的speaking可知，他在演讲方面获得每一个最高荣誉。故用speech。17．C他开始指导学生演讲，而他们也反过来赢得了多场比赛。inreturn“作为回报”；inbrief“简言之”；inturn“反过来；依次”；infact“事实上”。根据句意可知C项正确。18．B根据句意可知，此处表示他努力克服自卑。convey“传达”；overcome“克服”；undertake“承担，从事”；build“建立”。根据句意可知B项正确。19．A此处表示通过演讲来表达自己的想法，故要用express“表达”。20．D通过这段经历，他开始明白对观众表达思想的这种能力能让人树立自信。他也明白，只要有了自信，他就能做成任何自己想做的事情；别人也是如此。with表示“具有，带有”；空格后的it指代前面提到的confidence。Ⅲ.语法填空Susan：I'msogladtoseeyou,David.__1__hasbeensuchalongtime.Howareyou?David：I'mfine,andyou?Susan：I'mjustwonderful.God,timegoesbysoquickly!AreyougoingtotheairqualityconferenceinChicago?David：Iam.AndI'mreallygladtoseeyou.Itwasnotuntillastnight__2__Ifoundyournameintheconferencematerials,butitdidn'tcometomymindthatwewouldmeetontheplane.Susan：I'mafraidIhaven'thadtimetolookat__3__conferencematerialsverycarefully.Ihadnoideayouwerecoming,butIamcertainlygladtoseeyou.Iwasfeelingverynervousaboutgoingthere__4__friends.David：Icanimagine.MyEnglishhasgottennotsofluentsinceIreturnedfromtheStates,__5__I'mrathernervousmyself.ButIsawthatyouwouldgivethemostimportanttalkattheconference.Susan：__6__(frank)speaking,I'mscaredto__7__(die)aboutit.David：I'mjustgivingatalkinoneoftheworkshopsections,andIhopeIwon'tmakeallofyou__8__(disappoint)．Susan：ButyourEnglishismuch__9__(good)thanmine.David：Butyou'renowtheDirectoroftheAirQualityInstitute,soyou__10__knowthetechnicalterms.Susan：Maybe.ButIstillcan'tunderstandtotallyalotoftechnicaltermsinmyfield.答案与解析1．Itit代替时间。2．thatItwasnotuntil...that...强调句型。3．the该空表特指，故用定冠词the。4．withoutwithoutfriends没有朋友。5．so/thus/therefore该空表“因此”，故用so/thus/therefore。6．Franklyfranklyspeaking说实话。7．deathbescaredtodeath吓死。8．disappointed形容词作宾语补足语。9．bettermuch后跟形容词的比较级。10．mustmust表示肯定推测，表示“肯定”。Ⅳ.短文改错(2015·浙江省乐清市月考)Mymotherisateacherworkinakeyhighschool.Sheistoobusythatsheoftenhastogetupearlyandstayuplate.Inadditiontothis,shehardlyhasanytimestotakeexercise.Shehasbeenonpoorhealthforsometime.MyfatherandIareworriedthatshemayfallillifsheworkstoohard.ThesedaysI'mthinkingwhytodevelopmymother'sinterestinplayingsports.ConsideredthattodayisMother'sDay,Idecidedbuyapairofjoggingshoesforher.Isecretputthemonthedeskinherstudy.Whenmymotherenteredintoherstudythisevening,shelookedsurprised,butsheimmediatelyre