2022北京高三（上）期末英语汇编：阅读理解C篇

2022北京高三（上）期末英语汇编

阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2022•北京通州•高三期末）Inmid-2019,anIndonesiandesignteamsubmittedaplantoaninternationaldesigncompetitionforanewtypeofsubmarine（潜艇）.Itwasn'tdesignedformilitarypurposesorforexploringtheocean.ThemainpurposeofthissubmarinewastocreateiceblockstoreplaceseaiceinthePolarRegions.Inthesummermonthsof2019,amassiveheatwaveshockedEuropeandbrokeanumberofhightemperaturerecords.As（hehotairmovednorthovertheArctic,theicesheetcoveringGreenlandmeltedatanunexpectedrate.Icemeltatthepolesisnormalinthesummermonths.Losticcisoftenregainedbyrefreezinginwinter.Butthefastmeltingratecouldmeanapermanentlossofpolarice,whichwouldhaveglobalconsequences.Dealingwithsuchalarge-scaleproblemrequireslarge-scalesolutions.Whilemanysolutionslookatreducingthegreenhousegases,fewareaimedatrepairingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Theice-makingsubmarineproposedtodojustthat.Theice-makingsubmarine'sbasicdesigninvolvesformingalargehexagonal（六边形的）iceblockofroughly25metersacrossand5metersthick.Alargecontainerinthesubmarinewouldbefilledwhensubmergedunderwater.Thentheslowprocessofdesalination（脱盐）andfreezingwouldbegin.Afteraboutamonth,thesubmarinewoulddischarge（卸卜）theiceblockandbegintheprocessalloveragain.Theoverallvisionwouldbetohavemultiplesubmarinesworkingtogether,so（hatthehexagonalblockscouldbepushedtogethertofbrmasinglelargeicesheet.Thedesignwasbeautifullypresentedandwonsecondplace.However,thesciencebehindthedesigncameundercriticism.Onecriticismwashowthemassiveamountsofenergyneededtodesalinateandfreezethewalerwouldbeprovided.Anotherwasthattheamountofheatgeneratedbythefreezingprocesswouldresultinanetwarmingeffect.Additionally,theicewouldbetoothintostayfrozenforasignificantamountoftime.Thedesignerscouldn'tsufficientlyanswermanyofthescientificcriticisms.Theirinventiveideadocs,however,indicatetheneedforcreativesolutionsinrepairingthelossofpolarice.Theice-makingsubmarinewasdesignedto.A.explore（heoceanB.achievemilitarypurposesC.recordratesofmeltingpolariceD.makeupforthedecreaseofpolariceThe4thparagraphismainlyabout.A.thelimitationof（henewdesignB.（heprocessofmakingiceblocksC.thefeaturesoftheice-makingsubmarinesD.thechallengesthatthedesignersencounteredWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Thedesignintroducesauniqueanglefordealingwithclimatecrisis.Thedesignersareconfidentabouttheeffectivenessof（hesubmarine.Thelosticecanberegainedbyrefreezinginspiteoffastmeltingrate.Theice-makingsubmarineisoneofthesolutionstoreducegreenhousegases.Asforthedesignofice-makingsubmarine,theauthoris.（2022•北京海淀•高三期末）PioneerslikeHarvardsocialecologistStephenKellertwereamongthefirsttochampionmodernbiophilicdesign.Kellertbelievedthatweavingnatureintolivingandworkspacesiscriticalforgoodphysicalandmentalhealth.Humanshaveevolvedtogravitatetowardsnature.Kellertnoted,butifwedon'tdevelopthatimpulseitfades.Sohisprinciplesincludeaccesstonaturallight,air,water,plants,andgardens.Usingmaterialssuchaswoodandstone,naturaldesignssuchasleaforshellpatterns,andearthycolorsalsohelpshumanstofeelclosertonature.Biophilicdesignscanbeseenincitiesandbuildingsaround（heworld.ModernexamplesincludetheJewelChangiAirportinSingapore,withitsfour-storeyforestgardenandworld'slargestindoorwaterfallfedbyrainwater.OrtheSwedishMirrorcubetreehousehotel,mainlymadeofusedplywoodandalightweightaluminum（铝）framewrappedaroundatree.SpectacularbiophilichomesincludeOneCentralParkinSydneyapartmentblocksfeaturinghanginggardensontheoutside.Thebuildingsrecycletheirownwaterandasuspended（悬浮的）motorizedmirrorsystemreflectssunlightdownontogardensbelow.Milan'sBoscoVerticaleblockisperhapsevenmoreeye-catchingwithitsverticalforestof17,000trees,bushes,andplants.Puttingbiophilicdesigntoworkforsocietycouldpreventmillionsinhealthcarecosts,withonestudyestimatingannualsavingsof$93millionintheUSalone.Hospitaldesigninparticularhashistoricallybeeninfluencedbyaccesstosunlightandviewsofnature.Modembuildingslike（heKhooTeckPuatHospitalinSingapore,withitspositionnext（othewaterfalloftheYishunPond,arccloselylinkedwiththeirsurroundings.Thehospitalchannelsoutdoorairtocooltheinside,andusesreflectivesunshadestodirectlightintothewardstobrightenthemandsaveenergy.Theaimofthesedesignsistoemphasizethehumanconnectiontonaturebyintegratingbuildingswiththelocalenvironment.Buthowdowebringbiophiliaintoourhomes?Startwithhouseplants.Newsmarthomeappscanalsoprovidesensorynatureexperiencessuchasbirdsongandaprojectedforestcanopy,helpingpeopletocarveoutarestfulspaceindoors.Butperhapsthebestwaytotransformsocietywithbiophilicdesignsistostartwithschools.Childrenlearnbetterandfeelmorerelaxedinbiophilicsettings.SotheChildrenandNatureNetworkisworkingwithschoolsacrosstheUStocreategreenschoolyardsforbetterphysicalandmentalhealthand（oincreaseopportunitiesforoutdoorlearning.Biophilicdesignersarebringingnatureintoclassroomsthroughnaturalpatterns,shapesandcolors,naturephotography,artworkandmaterialsliketimberandstone.Freshairflow,greenwalls,andaquariumsallbecomepartofarecipefbrimprovinghealthandacademicsuccess.Accordingtothepassage,StephenKellertprobablybelievesthat.humans*inbornlovefornaturewon'tbelessenednaturecanimprovepeople'ssenseofresponsibilityhumansneedtoappreciateandmakegooduseofnaturenaturalmaterialshavetakenpriorityinmodernbuildingdesignsWhatdotheexamplesofbiophilicdesignsinthepassagehaveincommon?Theyapplysmarthometechnology.Theypromotesustainabledevelopment.Theyincludewaterfallsandgardensinside.Theyuselocalresourcestocutthecostofbuildings.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,welearnthatbiophilicdesigns.havegreatlytransformedschoolshelpimprovestudents'performancefocusmainlyonstudents'mentalhealthhavemovedmostof（heclassroomsoutsideWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Let'sInviteNatureInsideB.LiveNaturallyandSimplyC.TheBestNaturalBuildingDesignerD.UpsandDownsofNaturalBuildings（2022・d匕京东城•高三期末）Thedigitalrevolutionhasarrived.Asautomationbecomesevermorecommon,eventhoseprofessionsoncethoughttobeinsulatedfromtechnologicaldisruption（扰乱）faceanuncertainfuture.Giventhatstateofuncertainty,NortheasternUniversityPresidentJosephAounarguesthatcollegegraduatescannolongerbeconfidentthatthejobtheyholdwillbefinanciallysustainableforthelongterm.Automation,longathreattolow-skilledjobs,isnowcost-effectiveinallrepetitivework,includinghigh-skilledjobsinhealthcare,law,andresearch.Thus,formanytheprospectofbeingreplacedbyarobotismorepressing.Toaddressthis,itfallstohighereducationtopreparegraduatesforchangesthataresweepingthroughtheworldofwork.Buthowcaninstitutionspreparethenextgeneration,whenit'snotclearwhatprofessionswillexisttoemploythem?Aounarguesthatuniversitiesmustreinventthemselvestoaddress（hisageofdisruptionandtoprovidetheirstudentswiththeeducationalfoundationthatensurestheiremployabilityinthecomingdecades.Todoso,hecallsforhighereducationtofocusonthosefeaturesthatseparatehumansfrommachines.Henamedthisnewframework"Humanics".Aoundetailsatwo-ticrcd（两层的）structureforHumanicsandexplainshowthesetiersworktogethertodevelopcreativityinstudents.Thefirsttierconsistsof21st-centuryliteraciesthathearguesmustbecentraltoanyforward-thinkingeducationalprogram.Inadditiontoreading,writing,andarithmetic,Aounarguesthatallstudentsmustbecompetentindatainterpretationandanalysis,technicalfunctionslikeengineering,andhuman-centricstudiessuchasdesignthinkingandcommunication.ThisfirsttierofliteraciesformsthebasisfbrAoun'ssecondtierofcognitive（认知的）capacities.Systemsthinking,criticalthinking,andculturalawarenessconstitutethemind-setsthatAounarguesarecriticaltodistinguishinghumanemployeesfrommachines.Astudentwiththesemind-setscansolveproblemscreativelywhilemakinglogicaljudgments.Havingdefinedwhatarobot-proofeducationmustinvolve,Aounlooksintohowthateducationshouldbeofferedandwhatcollegesanduniversitiesmustdotomeettheneedsofamodernstudentbody.Hecallsforhighereducationtofullyacceptexperiential,lifelonglearning.Hearguesthatitisonlythroughrichexperiencesthatstudentscanapplytheir21st-centuryliteraciestocomplexproblems,whichwilleventuallyshapetheirmind-sets.ThistypeoflearningmusthelifelongbecausetherapidrateofchangethataccompaniesautomationwillrequirethatstudentsconsistentlyrefreshtheirskillsetsAounacknowledgesthateducationwillneverbeacure-allforsociety'sills.AmorepracticalapproachmightbetoseeHumanicsnotasanewmedicinebutratherasasupplementtoourcurrenteducationalsystem.Inanautomatedworld,topreparefortheeconomicdisruptionsuchautomationmaycause,highereducationmustcreateagenerationofgraduatesthatisliberatedtothinkcreativelywhilecontinuingtofunctioninmoretraditionalcapacities.Perhapsthatwillensureworkersandtheuniversitiesthateducatethemareindeedrobotproof.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"insulated"inParagraph1probablymean?A.GeneratedB.ShelteredC.Prohibited.D.Separated.Whatcanwelearnaboutautomationfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Ithasposedathreattoemployment.B.Ithasmadehigh-skilledjobsdemanding.A.Ithasposedathreattoemployment.B.Ithasmadehigh-skilledjobsdemanding.C.Ithelpstofueltheprocessofdigitalization.D.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofnewprofessions.AccordingtoJosephAoun,institutionsshould.A.setthetrendforautomationB.providearobot-proofeducationC.redefinetheframeworkofHumanicsD.valuecognitivecapacitiesoverliteraciesWhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Whereisautomationleadingus?B.WhatdoesHumanicsmean(ouniversities?C.Whyisitcriticaltoacquirehighereducation?D.Howcanwegetreadyforanuncertainfuture?参考答案D2.B3.A4.C【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一项用于修复气候变化影响的设计——制冰潜艇。.推埋判断题。根据文章第一段关键句"ThemainpurposeofthissubmarinewastocreateiceblockstoreplaceseaiceinihePolarRegions."（这艘潜艇的主要目的是制造冰块来取代极地地区的海冰。）及第二段关键句"Butthe缶stmeltingratecouldmeanapermanentlossofpolarice,whichwouldhaveglobalconsequences.^^（但是，快速的融化速度可能意味着极地冰川的永久消失，这将产生全球性的后果。）可推知，制冰潜艇被设计用来制冰，从而弥补极地冰的减少。故选D项。.主旨大意题。根据文章第四段关键句"Theice-makingsubmarine'sbasicdesigninvolvesformingalargehexagonaliceblockofroughly25metersacrossand5metersthick.Alargecontainerinthesubmarinewouldbefilledwhensubmergedunderwater.Then（heslowprocessofdesalinationandfreezingwouldbegin.Afteraboutamonth,thesubmarinewoulddischargetheiccblockandbegintheprocessalloveragain.”（造冰潜艇的基本设计包括形成一个大约25米宽、5米厚的大型六边形冰块。当潜艇被淹没在水下时，潜艇内的一个大容器就会装满水。然后，海水淡化和冷冻的缓慢过程就会开始。大约一个月后，潜艇会排出冰块，然后重新开始这一过程。）可知，第四段描述了制冰的过程。故选B项。.细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句"Whilemanysolutionslookatreducingthegreenhousegases,fewareaimedatrepairingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Theice-makingsubmarineproposedtodojustthat.”（虽然许多解决方案着眼于减少温室气体，但很少有解决方案着眼于修复气候变化的影响。造冰潜艇就打算这么做。）可知，制冰潜艇的设计引入了应对气候危机的独特角度。故选A项。.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句"Thedesignerscouldn'tsufficientlyanswermanyofthescientificcriticisms.Theirinventiveideadoes,however,indicatetheneedfbrcreativesolutionsinrepairingthelossofpolarice.”（设计师们无法充分回答许多科学上的批评。然而，他们的创造性想法确实表明，需要创造性的解决方案来修复极地冰川的消失。）可见，作者对于这项设计表示支持。故选C项。C6.D7.A【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于唱歌和外语习得之间关系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能带来学习外语的新方法，”听并且重复”的唱歌方法有助于外语学习。.推理判断题。由第•段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia（，怀I日）or“blastfromthepast'',aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.（你有没有发现自己处于这样的境地：你听到一首你小时候经常唱的歌——一点怀旧或者我们所说的“来自过去的爆炸”。但这不是遥远的童年记忆。这些歌词回到你的脑海里，就像你多年前唱的那样清晰）"和第二段"ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaylorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.（爱「堡大学的研究者们研究了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系。他们发现记住歌曲中的单词是记住最难的语言的最好方法）“可知，第一段开头通过举例“歌曲”导入话题，人们都清楚地记得儿时唱歌的歌词，第二段讲了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系，可得出第一段所说的“歌町'是为了导入主题。故选C项。.推埋判断题。根据倒数第二段中“singingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhen（heyarecontainedinacatchyormemorablelune.（唱歌可能带来学习外语的新方法。大脑喜欢记住琅琅上口或令人难忘的旋律）”和最后一段中“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.（这项研究提供了第一个实验证据，证明了“听并且重复的唱歌方法”可以支持外语学习，并为该领域的进一步研究打开了大门）”可推断，大脑喜欢记住琅琅上口或令人难忘的旋律，即当外语学习者用“听并且重复的唱歌方法”唱单词时，大脑可能工作最好，故选D项。.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.（这项研究提供了第一个实验证据，即听并且重复的唱歌方法可以支持外语学习，并为将来在这方面的研究打开大门）”可推断，此项研究对于外语学习者非常有用，一个美国人要学汉语可以采用此方法。故选A项。.A9.B10.D11.D【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了鉴于人工智能目前的技术瓶颈，它无法完全做到从另一个角度看待事物，科学家需要解决该技术瓶颈问题。.词义猜测题。根据第四段的“suchasaturtlewithaspecialshellpatternthatanAImisidentifiesasagun.（比如一只带有特殊外壳图案的乌龟，被AI误认为是一把枪。）“可知，人工智能可以被一些人类可以亳无问题识别出的图片弄糊涂。因此confuse一词可以解释划线词。故选A。推理判断题。根据第六段的“Inonecase,aschoolbusthatwascorrectlyidentifiedintheoriginalimagewasmisidentifiedasapunchingbagwhenshowninclose-up,andasasnowploughwhenupsidedownintheroad.（在］、案例中，一辆在原始图像中被正确识别的校车在近距离显示时被错误地识别为沙袋，而当倒置在路上时被错误地识别为雪犁。）”可知，校车的例子被用来说明人工智能识别系统并没有你想象的那么智能。故选B。.推理判断题。根据最后一段"He,Cluneandothershavebeenuncoveringtheseproblemsforthepastfewyears,butnobodyknowshowtofixthem.ThebiggestbarriertoprogressisthatwhenanAIlooksatanimage,itcan'textractrulesabouttheobjectthatwouldhelpitidentifyasimilaronenexttime—forexample,therulethathorseshavefourlegs.4tToreachahumanlevelofreasoning,weneedawaytoextractnilesfromimages,"saysNguyen.（在过去的几年里，Nguyen.Clune和其他人一直在寻找这些问题的解决途径，但没有人知道如何解决它们。前进的最大障碍是当人工智能查看图像时，它无法提取关于对象的规则以帮助它下次识别类似的对象。例如，马有四条腿的规则。Nguyen说，“为了达到人类的推理水平，我们需要一种从图像中提取规则的方法）”可知，从最后一段中可以推断出在人工智能中发展推理是人工智能研究人员面临的最大挑战。故选Do.标题判断题。通读全文,根据第一段的“Tellingayellowtaxiandapairofbinocularsapartissoeasythatmostpeoplecoulddoi（standingontheirhead.Notsofbranartificialintelligence:make（hecabupsidedownanditseesbinoculars.（分辨一辆黄色出租车和一副望远镜是那么容易，大多数人都可以很容易做得到。对于人工智能来说并非如此：把车倒过来，它看到的是望远镜。）”和上一题的分析可知，人工智能无法从另一个角度看待事物。因此D项“人工智能不能从另一个角度看事物”可以作为文章标题。故选Do.C13.B14.A15.D【分析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了科学干预如海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性，深入发现人类干预的好处和这一行为的过少关注现状，呼吁更多研究在这一领域。.细节理解题。根据第一段末尾“ErinFostersuggeststhatseaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性。）和“Seaottersresideincoastalhabitats,includingcclgrassfields……”（海獭居住在沿海的栖息地，包括大叶藻地）可知，海懒的回归可以增加大叶藻地的遗传多样性，故选C。.推理判断题。根据第三段“Theamountofdisturbancethatwasobsenedintheeelgrassfieldswasrelativelylowbutresearchesontheeffectsofdisturbanceongeneticdiversityarerelativelyrare.”（在大叶藻地观察到的扰动量相对较低.•…但对干扰对遗传多样性影响的研究相对较少。）可知，之前对干扰的研究还不够。故选.词义猜测题。根据划线词后面duringinlensecommercialharvests（大规模商业捕措期间）可以推断数量肯定下降，跟选项Aremoved被移除意思相符合，故选A0.标题判断题。根据第一段“seaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獭的恢复可以增强它们栖息地的基因多样性）和第三段“Eventhoughdisturbanceenhancesthediversityanddynamicsofmanyoftheworld'secosystems”（尽管干扰增强了世界许多生态系统的多样性和动态性）以及最后一段“moreattentionshouldbepaidtorebuildinganimalpopulationsandthekeyecologicalfunctionstheyprovidc.^^（应更多地关注动物种群的重建及其提供的关键生态功能。）可知，人类的干预例如海獭的恢复等对基因多样性有益处，应该更多关注，故选D。.C17.D18.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究发现即使中年才开始锻炼也能降低早死的概率。.推理判断题。根据第一段"h'strulynevertoolatetobeginexercising,accordingtotheresearchersledbyPedroSaint-MauriceoftheU.S.NationalCancerInstitute.（美国国家癌症研究所的佩德罗•圣莫里斯领导的研究人员表示，开始锻炼真的永远不晚）”和第二段的"But,perhapssurprisingly,peoplewho'dbeeninactiveinyouthbutdecidedtogetmorephysicalintheir40sand50ssawalmostthesamedecline—35percent—intheirprobabilityofanearlydeath.（但是，也许令人惊讶的是，那些年轻时不怎么运动，但在四五十岁时决定多锻炼身体的人，他们的早死概率几乎也下降了35%）”可推知，什么时候开始锻炼都不晚，在四五十岁的时候锻炼也可以延长寿命。故选C。.推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段"It'strulynevertoolatetobeginexercising,accordingtotheresearchersledbyPedroSaint-MauriceoftheU.S.NationalCancerInslituie.（美国国家癌症研究所的佩德罗・圣莫里斯领导的研究人员表示，开始锻炼真的永远不晚）”、第二段的“Thestudytrackedthelifetimeexercisepatternsofmorethan315,000people.（这项研究追踪了31.5万多人的终生运动模式）“、第二:段的“Thestudyalsofoundthatamid-lifestarttophysicalactivityseemedtocuttheprobabilityofdeathfromthetwomajorkillers—heartdiseaseandcancer.（耳f究还发现，中年开始锻炼似乎能降低死于两大主要杀手心脏病和癌症的概率）”和第四段的“Thisstudy,onceagain,indicatestheimportanceofphysicalactivityinrelationshiptoone'slong-termmortality（这项研究，再一次表明了体育活动对一个人长期死亡率的重要性）可推知，木文的主要目的是介绍一项关于运动益处的研究，告诉我们开始锻炼真的永远不晚，即使到了中年，锻炼也会带来益处。故选D。.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"Butstartingexercisingatalaterageandstillgettingthesamemortalitybenefitdoesn'tmeanthatoneshouldnotexerciseinyoungeryears.（在较晚的年龄开始锻炼仍然能获得同样的死亡率益处，但是，并不意味着一个人在年轻时不应该锻炼）”可知，一个人不应该非要等到中年才开始锻炼，因此作者对“等到中年才能健身”的态度是不赞成的，即Disapproving,故选B。.A20.C21.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮格马利翁效应这一概念。.词句猜测题。根据卜文“However,theconceptofthePygmalioneffect―expectationsinfluencingperformanceandbecomingself-fulfillingprophecies（预言）一iswidespread.（然而，皮格马利翁效应（Pygmalioneffect）的概念预期影响业绩并成为自我实现的预言——却广为流传户可知，划线词所在的句子与之意思相反，划线词所在句子意为“在这一特殊情况下，多年的辩论和分析得出的结论是，影响是可以忽略不计的。”，由此可知，negligible意为“轻微的故选A。.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers—onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.（皮格马利翁效应（Pygmalioneffect）表明，我们的现实是可以协商的，可以受到他人的影响——有意或无意。我们所取得的成就，我们如何思考，我们如何行动，以及我们如何看待自己的能力都会受到周围人的期望的影响。户可知，皮格马利翁效应强调了人们对他人的期望。故选C。.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“AninterestinguseofthePygmalioneffectmightbethatsuggestedbyGeorgeBernardShaw'splayPygmalion4萧伯纳的戏剧《皮格马利翁》提出了皮格马利翁效应的一个有趣用法。厂以及接下来叙述的茶花女的故事可知，作者在第4段主要通过•个例子来说明皮格马利翁效应的使用。故选B。.A23.C24.B【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明实验证明青少年动物和青少年人类类似，会故意冒险、受到同伴压力的影响。22.细节理解题。根据第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator（捕食者）inspection^^whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults."（一个例子是一种称为“捕食者检查”的做法，这意味着青少年动物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危险的代价是它们可以观察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它们收集各种各样的信息，使它们成年后更安全。）可知，对于青少年动物来说，接近它们的敌人一捕食者，并观察捕食者的行为是危险但有价值的。故选A项。.细节理解题o根据倒数第四段“"Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey'realone/'Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound""（斯坦伯格说：“我们发现，在有同龄人在场的情况下，青少年老鼠比它们独自一人时喝得更多，而且驾驶研究中的青少年在别人在场时也会置更多的风险。“）可知，青少年动物和人类会受到同伴压力的影响。故选C项。.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段”"Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,"Steinbergsaid”（斯坦伯格说：“在大多数情况下，青少年，无论是人还是动物，都喜欢和其他青少年在一起。“）可知，斯坦伯格认为青少年的动物和人类都喜欢和其他青少年在一起，动物和人类是类似的，都具有与同龄人交往的特征，划线句子表示“与同龄人交往是青少年共有的一种特征。”故选B项。.D26.A27.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过实验研究证明反好的回忆会使记忆发生改变。.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.（这就是所谓的“观众调谐效应”，它向我们展示了我们的记忆是如何随着时间的推移而自动变化的，这是我们如何、何时以及为什么读取记忆的结果）”可知，我们处理记忆的方式会影响我们的记忆。故选D。.推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing（复述）amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible（易受影响的）tochange.（事实上，有时仅仅是复述记忆的行为就能使记忆容易改变。户结合本段中的实验结果可知，复述记忆次数多的受试者更容易改变记忆。由此可推知，经常回忆并不会完美的重现记忆。故选Ao.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段最后两句"Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthen】ean【ime.（当我们的记忆回至lj冰库时，它可能会自然而然地变得有点畸形，特别是如果有人同时有意的影响它）“可知，这里将记忆与取出冰箱的冰激凌作类比，冰激凌会融化变形，记忆也一样会发生改变。由此可推知，划线词malleable与changeable同义，表示“可变的”。故选C。.A29.D30.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个人拥有的每一个独特的个性，超越年龄的自我的感觉和身份，以及我们作为个体不可避免的主观经验，都为灵魂奠定了科学基础，并对这一观点进行了论证。.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sc沁neejournalistMichaelLemonicktoldthestoryofLonniSue,whosufferedbraindamageandwasleftunablelorecallherpastorlofbnnnewmemories.LemonickthoughtthatLonniSue,whenshelosthermemories,lostherself.Butoncehegottoknowher,aswellaspeoplewhoknewherbeforeandafterherinjury,Lemonickdiscoveredthatherselfhadnotbeendestroyed.Shewasstillcheerfulinawaythatmadepeoplearoundherfeelbetter,andshewasstillcreativeandplayful.So,despitememoryloss,westillhavetheessenceofourpersonality.Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.（科学记者MichaelLemonick讲述了LonniSue的故事，她遭受了脑损伤，无法回忆过去或形成新的记忆。Lemonick认为LonniSue失去记忆时，就失去了自我。但是一旦他了解了她，以及那些在她受伤前后了解她的人，Lemonick发现她自己并没有被摧毁。她仍然很开心，让周围的人感觉更好，她仍然很有创造力，很好玩。所以，尽管我们失去了记忆，但我们仍然拥有人格的本质。基本上，不管我们的大脑发生了什么，我们独特的个性似乎会发光）”可推知，作者通过LonniSue的故事来表现人的人格的稳定性。故选A。.词句猜测题。根据画线词1:文“SciencejournalistMichaelLemonicktoldthestoryofLonniSue,whosufferedbraindamageandwasleftunabletorecallherpastortoformnewmemories.LemonickthoughtthatLonniSue,whenshelosthermemories,lostherself.Butoncehegottoknowher,aswellaspeoplewhoknewherbeforeandafterherinjury,Lemonickdiscoveredthatherselfhadnotbeendestroyed.Shewasstillcheerfulinawaythatmadepeoplearoundherfeelbetter,andshewasslillcreativeandplayful.（科学记者迈克尔•莱蒙尼克讲述了朗尼•苏的故事，她遭受了脑损伤，无法回忆过去或形成新的记忆。莱蒙尼克认为朗尼•苏，当她失去记忆时，就失去了自我。但是一旦他了解了她，以及那些在她受伤前后了解她的人，莱蒙尼克发现她自己并没有被摧毁。她仍然很开心，让周围的人感觉更好，她仍然很有创造力»很好玩。）”以及画线词后文“Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshine〔hrough.（基本上，不管我们的大脑发生了什么，我们独特的个性似乎会发光。户可知，尽管LonniSue遭受了脑损伤，无法回忆过去或形成新的记忆，但是她受伤后仍然很开心，让周围的人感觉更好，仍然很有创造力，很好玩，说明虽然失去了记忆，但是我们重要的个人性质并没有改变，基本匕不管我们的大脑发生了什么，我们独特的个性似乎会发光。故画线词意思是“重要的性质故选D。.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas,thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage,andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualmakeascientificfoundationforthesouL（一个人拥有的每一个独特的个性，超越年龄的自我的感觉和身份，以及我们作为个体不可避免的主观经验，都为灵魂奠定了科学基础厂可知，我们的灵魂取决于我们的个性、意识和经验。故选D..C32.B33.B34.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要举例子介绍了一些将自然融入生活、工作和学习中的亲生态设计，这种亲生态设计对人们的身心健康带来很大好处。【详解】1.推理判断题o根据第二段“Humanshaveevolvedtogravitatetowardsnature,Kellertnoted,butifwedon'tdevelopthatimpulseitfades.Sohisprinciplesincludeaccesstonaturallight,air,waler,plants,andgardens.Usingmaterialssuchaswoodandstone,naturaldesignssuchasleaforshellpatterns,andearthycolorsalsohelpshumanstofeciclosertonature.（Kellerl注意到，人类已经进化到被大自然吸引的地步。但如果我们不培养这种冲动，它就会消失。所以他的原则是要接近自然光，空气，水，植物和花园。使用木材和石头等材料，设计像树叶或贝壳等自然图案，以及使用朴实的颜色，这些也有助于人类感觉更接近大自然）”可推断出，StephenKellert可能认为人类需要欣赏和充分利用大自然，故选C。.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ModernexamplesincludetheJewelChangiAirportinSingapore,withitsfour-storeyforestgardenandworld'slargestindoorwaterfallfedbyrainwater.OrtheSwedishMirrorcubctreehousehotel,mainlymadeofusedplywoodandalightweightaluminum（铝）framewrappedaroundatree.（现代的例子包括新加坡的宝石樟宜机场，它有四层的森林花园和世界上最大的室内雨水瀑布。或者瑞典镜立方树屋酒店，主要由用过的胶合板和轻质铝框架围绕在树上）”和第四段中的"SpectacularbiophilichomesincludeOneCentralParkinSydneyapartmentblocksfeaturinghanginggardenson（heoutside.Thebuildingsrecycletheirownwaterandasuspended（悬）孚的）motorizedmirrorsystemreflectssunlightdownontogardensbelow.MilansBoscoVerticaleblockisperhapsevenmoreeye—catchingwithitsverticalforestof17,000Crees,bushes,andplants』令人叹为观止的生态住宅包括悉尼的一个中央公园公寓大楼，其外侧有空中花园。建筑自身的水循环利用，悬挂的机动镜面系统将阳光反射到下面的花园。米兰的BoscoVerticale街区也许更加引人注目，因为它有17000棵树、灌木和植物组成的垂直森林）''以及第五段中的“ModernbuildingsliketheKhooTeckPuatHospitalinSingapore,withitspositionnexttothewaterfalloftheYishunPond,arecloselylinkedwiththeirsurroundings.Thehospitalchannelsoutdoorairtocooltheinside,andusesreflectivesunshadestodirectlightintothewardstobrightenthemandsaveenergy.（像新加坡的KhooTeckPual医院这样的现代建筑，它的位置紧挨着伊顺池塘的瀑布，与周闱的环境紧密相连。医院引导室外空气冷却病房内部，并使用反光遮阳板将光线引入病房以照亮病房并节省能源）”可推断出，文章列举的这些亲生态设计的共同点就是，它们都有助于促进可持续发展，故选B。.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Childrenlearnbetterandfeelmorerelaxedinbiophilicsettings.（在生态环境中，孩了们学得更好，感觉更放松）”和最后一段中的"Freshairflow,greenwalls,andaquariumsallbecomepartofarecipeforimprovinghealthandacademicsuccess.（流动的新鲜空气，绿色的墙壁，水族馆这些都成为改善健康和学术成功的一部分）”可知，亲生态设计有助于改善学生在学校的表现，故选B。.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要举例子介绍了一些将自然融入生活，工作和学习中的亲生态设计，这种亲生态设计在一些城市中，大楼里，家中，医院，学校里等都能看到，它对人们的身心健康带来很大好处。由此可推断出，A选项“LetsInviteNatureInside（让我们邀请大自然进来）”最适合作文章标题，故选A。.B36.A37.B38.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述在数字化革命到来后自动化已经威胁人们的职业，JosephAoun就这现象提出未来人工智能时代的教育。.词义猜测题。由文章第一段“Thedigitalrevolutionhasarrived.Asautomationbecomesevermorecommon,eventhoseprofessionsoncethoughttobeinsulatedfromtechnologicaldisniptionfaceanuncertainfuture.（数字化革命己经至U来。随着自动化变得越来越常见，甚至那些曾经被认为将免于科技干扰的职业也将面临一个不确定的将来。）由本句中oncethought和后面faceanuncertainfuture推断前后句意应该发生转折，前面应该表示看好这些职业，原本认为这些职业不受科技影响。而A.Generaled生产；B.Sheltered庇护；C.Prohibited禁止；D.Separaled分离。故选B项。.细节理解题。由第一段中“Automation,longathreattolow-skilledjobs,isnowcost-cffcctivcinallrepetitivework,includinghigh-skilledjobsinhealthcare,law,andresearch.Thus,formanytheprospectofbeingreplacedbyarobotismorepressing"（自动化一宜以来就是对低技术工种的威胁，现在也在具有重复性的工种中也显得更划算，其中包括在医疗，法律和研究这是高技能的工作。因此，对于很多工种，被替代的可能性不容忽视。）可知，自动化已经威胁到人们的工作了。故选A项。.细节理解题。由文中"Havingdefinedwhatarobot-proofeducationmustinvolve,Aounlooksintohowthateducationshouldbeofferedandwhatcollegesanduniversitiesmustdotomeettheneedsofamodemstudentbody."（在定义未来人工智能时代的教育后，Aoun正在研究教育应该怎样提供以及学院和大学应该做什么来满足当代学生的需求。）以及文章最后一段"Perhapsthatwillensureworkersandtheuniversities