八级翻译课件2

领会主旨，把握风格，分清句式，注意衔接科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。//常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。汉译英I：主体主语的提炼，行为主语的保留，重复的省略，常见比喻。科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。Scienceistoquestforthetruth.Duringtheprocessofexploringtruth,peoplewillhavetoexperiencetremendoushardshipsthattheunderstandingofobjectivelawsdemands.（分句）Itwillbeanarduousandtortuousprocessforpeopletoreachthecorrectunderstandingofobjectivelawsiftheyaretopursuethetruth/intheirpursuitoftruth.（倒置法）Sciencemeanstheexplorationof/questfortruth,duringwhichpeoplewillhavealongandtwistywaytogo/havetoexperiencetwistsandturnsbefore

theycancometounderstandtheobjectivelaws.（合句）语序的考虑，复杂长句结构的处理，句型的使用，诗句的概括、简化与直译。常常有这样的情形(Asisoftenthecase定语从句itisoftenthecasethat强调句)：由于becauseof研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现therewouldbedifferentopinions“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同“amountainwillbevieweddifferentlyfromdifferentplaces”的情况，以至whichwould引起学术上的争论。（定从）

Itisoftenthecase/Itoftenhappensthatthedifferencesintheresearchperspectives,inthematerialsgrasped,andintheapproachesofcognition/understanding,wouldleadto

totallydifferentresults——aswemightsay/justthesamecasethat,“amountainbecomesaridgewhenviewedhorizontallyandapeakwhenviewedvertically,andittakeson/assumestotallydifferentshapeswhenviewedfromashortorlongdistance,orfromahighorlowposition”——andevenleadto/arouse/giverisetoacademicdisputes/controversies.常用词语的概念辨析因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。anaccomplishedscientificworkerwould,therefore,regard/considerobjections/opposingargumentsashismosttremendousbenefit/thegreatesthelptohim,andacceptothers’criticismofhimastheindication/demonstrationofthemostpreciousfriendship.recognized:知名的,获得承认的world-recognized;established:著名的，公认的，地位确立的establishoneselfas;accomplished:才华高的，技艺高超的;withrealachievement/whohaverealachievement.Scientist:relatedtonaturalscience;另有socialscientist社会科学家sociologist社会学家,politicalengineer政治学家computerscientistEngineer：designingandbuildingthings.Electricalengineer电气工程师civilengineer土木工程师softwareengineer.主体主语与属体主语，主语从句，使动结构正如歌德所说(?asGoethesaid)，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”InGoethe’swords,“wetakeforgrantedwhatweareinfavorof,however,onlywhatweareopposedtocanenrichourthoughts.”“Whatweareagreedonputsusateasewhilethosewearedisagreedoncanenrichourthoughts.”（主语从句）“Wefeelatease

whenfacingagreementandonly

whenweareobjectedtocanwegetenlightenedtremendously.”(逻辑的转换）（倒装结构）约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德（JohannWolfgangvonGoethe)(1749－1832）常见词语的多种译法,不完全否定这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确right，反对的意见未必错误wrong

。Thisisallbecausetheapprovingopinionsarenotnecessarilyjustified/correctwhiletheopposing/disapprovingonesarenotalwaysunfounded/lackingfoundations.notevery/notall散句和整句退一步说，即使是错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。Toputitintheleastway,eventheopposingargumentsthataremistakenwillbeconsiderablybeneficialtoone’sownscientificresearch.整句Tosaytheleast,eventhewrongideasagainstuswillbequitehelpfultoourscientificresearch.整句Onsecondthought,eventhoughtheopposingargumentsarewrong,theyarestillquitehelpfultoourscientificresearch.散句领会主旨，把握风格，分清句式，注意衔接我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆，但这也暂且不提。//这一类型的教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何是根本不重要的，重要的是实际的后果，而教育的后果何其严重！在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“眼泪汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？教育者或许会说，这些学生如果进大学之前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必要如此提之携之、喂之哺之；就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教。虽然是亡羊补牢，总比不教好比。汉译英：

译文主语，句型选用，断句我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩、指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆，但这也暂且不提。NowIhavealwaysconsidered/expecteduniversitypresidentstobevisionarypolicymakerswhosetthecourseofacademicresearchandeducationratherthanmerenanniesinchargeofsteamedbunandriceporridge.Butlet’sput/setthisasideforthemoment.（词组强调）Itisalwaysinmymindthatuniversitypresidentsshouldbeforesighteddecision-makerswhoguidethedevelopmentofacademicresearchandeducationinsteadofmerenanniestakingcareofsteamedbunandriceporridge.ButIwouldliketotalkaboutitlater.(?notmentionit)（句型强调）常用词这一类型的教育者的用心（意图），毋庸置疑，当然是善意（好意）的。Thereisnodoubt,ofcourse,thataneducator/educationistofthistypehasverygoodintentions.Undoubtedly,educationalworkersofthistypemeanverywell.用心良苦：(takegreatpainstodosthwith)verythoughtfulbuteasily-misunderstoodintentions(indoingsthpainstakingly)用心去做：dosthseriouslyandpainstakingly善意善心：kindness，charity前后语气衔接，语序的保留和调整,句型的选用，感叹句,断句问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何是根本不重要的，重要的是实际的后果，而()教育的后果何其严重！Buttheproblemis,whenwepassjudgmentonsomething,what

mattersisnotintentionsbuttheactualconsequences.Andeverybodyknowshowserioustheconsequencesofimpropereducationwouldbe.However,itisnottheintentionbuttheactualresultthatmatters/countswhenacaseisjudgedasitstands/acaseisconsideredonitsownmerits就事论事.Andeverybodyknowswhatseriousconsequencesimpropereducationwouldleadto.前后句的衔接，复杂从句结构，反问语气，省略结构，常用词的语境意义，词性的转译在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“眼泪汪汪”之外又能做些什么呢？Whatelsecan(youexpect)thosecollegestudents(to)doexceptcryingwhen(theyare)confrontedbydifficulty,whowerebroughtupundersuchanoverprotectiveeducationalsystemthat

treatedthemasbabies.（语序调整）Broughtupinaneducationalsystemthat

pampersthemlikebabies,whatcan(youexpect)thosecollegestudents(to)dobut“shedtears”whenfacedwithanactualhardship/whensomethingreallyhappenstothem.except:除了，不包括prep.+sth;conj.+that;Vt+sb/sthcandonothingbutdosthelse除了….之外别无可能前后的衔接，人称与叙述的角度,虚拟语气应用,连句法,习语的翻译。教育者或许会说，这些学生如果进大学之前，就已经学好自治自律的话，我就不必要如此提之携之、喂之哺之；Thoseeducatorsmayargue：“Iwouldn’tbothertogivethesestudentssuchexcessivecareandmeticulousguidanceiftheyhadlearnedtobeself-disciplinedandautonomous(自主的)/learnedabitofindependenceandself-discipline

beforetheywenttocollege;（意译）

Aneducationistofthistypemightprotestthathewouldnotbothertospoon-feedthemanddisciplinethemtosuchaextentifthesestudentshadlearnedtodisciplinethemselveswithnolackofautonomybeforetheywenttocollege；（直译）（间接引语）衔接和主语提炼，称与叙述的角度,虚拟语气应用,习语的翻译就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我办大学的人不得不教（）。虽然是亡羊补牢，总比不教好比。

therefore,Ihavetoteachwhatcollegestudentsshouldhavelearnedinprimaryandsecondaryeducation，whichislateactually,yetbetterthannever,justasthesayinggoes:Mendthefold/penaftersomeofthesheephavebeenstolen/asheepislost.”(直译）

anditisbecausetheywerenottaughtallthesethingsintheprimaryandsecondaryschoolthathe,auniversitypresident,hastoteachthemnow.Althoughitislate,betterlatethannever.（意译）通读原文，把握主旨，理清头绪Thereisindeednoharminconfrontingourdisordersormisfortunes.Onthecontrary,theattemptiswholesome.Muchofwhatwedreadisreallyduetoindistinctnessofoutline.Ifwehavethecouragetosaytoourselves,whatisthisthing,then?Lettheworstcometotheworst,andwhatthen?Weshallfrequentlyfindthatafterallitisnotsoterrible.Whatwehavetodoistosubduetremulous,nervous,insanefright./Frightisoftenpriortoanobject;thatistosay,thefrightcomesfirstandsomethingisinventedordiscoveredtoaccountforit.Therearecertainstatesofbodyandmindwhichareproductiveofobjectlessfright,andthemostridiculousthingintheworldisabletoprovokeittoactivity.Itisperhapsnottoomuchtosaythatanycalamitythemomentitisapprehendedbythe

reasonalonelosesnearlyallitspowertodisturbandunfixus.Theconclusionswhicharesoalarmingarenotthoseofthereason,but,touseSpinoza’swords，ofthe“affects”.EnglishtoChinese:何谓勇气，恐惧何来。指代的点明Thereisindeednoharminconfrontingourdisordersormisfortunes.Onthecontrary,theattemptiswholesome.勇敢面对恐惧或不幸，对人是绝无害处的。相反，这样的勇气是身心健康的表现。直面我们心中的恐惧和遭遇的不幸是绝无害处的，相反，这种勇敢的尝试是有益于身心健康的。Disorder:(原有秩序的失去）混乱，骚乱，疾病，不适。Mentaldisorder=panic恐慌抽象名词，省略。Muchofwhatwedreadisreallyduetoindistinctnessofoutline（轮廓，大纲）（省略oftheobjectthatwedread).我们所惧怕的东西，大多数情况下确实缘起于模糊不清的认识。（不知而惧）大多数情况下我们之所以产生恐惧都是因为对于所恐惧的事物缺乏清楚的认识和了解。Dread:非常害怕dreadtothink不敢想象,n.恐惧，所恐惧的事物；dreaded：a.令人害怕的；dreadful:讨厌的，令人不快的，糟糕程度很深的adreadfulmistake可怕的错误dreadfully极其，令人恐惧的常见词的语境意义，反问强调，终极比较Ifwehavethecouragetosaytoourselves,whatisthisthing,then?Lettheworstcometotheworst,andwhatthen?Weshallfrequentlyfindthatafterallitisnotsoterrible.假如我们有勇气对自己说，这算得了什么sowhat？天塌下来又能怎样？于是我们就会发现，事情并没有想象中那么可怕。如果我们有勇气对自己说这种事算得了什么？就算事情再怎么糟糕，形势坏到了极点，又能怎么样？于是我们就会发现，实际上并没有那么可怕？afterall:inspiteofwhathasbeensaidorexpected,尽管如此想过/说过实际上仍然…，毕竟，归根结底，别忘了恐惧的无中生有Whatwehavetodoistosubdue（制服，压制）tremulous（颤抖的）,nervous,insanefright.Frightisoftenpriortoanobject;thatistosay,thefrightcomesfirstandsomethingisinventedordiscoveredtoaccountforit.我们应该做的就是克制自己那过于敏感的、神经兮兮的、缺乏理性的恐惧。恐惧常常会导致一个假想的对象，也就是说，人们先产生恐惧，然后就编造或找出一个东西来自圆其说。我们所要做的就是克制自己心中战战兢兢、神经兮兮、不可理喻的恐惧。恐惧往往是先于所恐惧的对象而产生，也就是说，是莫名的恐惧首先来临，然后我们虚构出一个可怕的对象或者挖掘出这么一个对象来验证自己心中的恐惧。Prior:previous发生在先的；moreimportant优先的恐惧的突然来临。结合语境与词语用法Therearecertainstatesofbodyandmindwhichareproductiveofobjectless

fright,andthemostridiculousthingin