必修一 unit 4 语言点和练习

Unit4Earthquakes1．Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.(P26)burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发

Don'tburstintomybedroomwithoutknocking.Thesoldiersheardtheburstsofgunsinthedistance.ScarcelyhadsheheardthenewsaboutthedeathofSteveJobswhensheburstoutcrying/burstintotears.

①burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughingburstintotears=burstoutcrying②burstinto/in＋n.突然爆发；闯入……

burstoutdoingsth.突然迸发③burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支④aburstoflaughter/applause

一阵笑声/一阵掌声 【即时应用】 (1)看到儿子那可笑的样子，妈妈突然大笑起来。 Seeingherson'sfunnylook，themother___________________. (2)一家人正在房间里看电视，这时几个陌生人突然破门而入。 ThefamilywerewatchingTVintheroom________________________.

burstoutlaughing/burstintolaughterwhenseveralstrangersburstin(3)Whenhewasriding,thetyre______(burst).(4)She_____________________.（突然大哭起来）(5)He________________________（闯进了房子）withoutknocking.burstintotearsburstoutcrying

burstintothehouseburstOneminutesheburstinto___andthenextburstout____.Wejustcouldn’tcatchhermoodatanyminute.crying;laughterB.tears;laughingC.tears;laughterD.crying;laughing2Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(P26)(1)．ruinn．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃n．[C](pl.)废墟；遗迹v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭 Therainruinedourholiday. Theancienttemplehadfallenintoruin. You'llruinyourchancesofgettingthejobifyouwearthatshirttotheinterview!Thestrongearthquakeleftthecityinruinsmerelyinseveralseconds.①lie/beinruins严重受损；破败不堪②come/go/falltoruin灭亡；荒废③bring...toruin使……毁灭；使……没落④ruinoneself毁掉自己⑤ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉Itrainedfortwoweeksonend，completely________ourholiday.A．ruined

B．toruinC．ruiningD．wasruinedThehouseacrossthestreetare_____,buttheywereingoodconditionafewyearsago.A.inrowsB.inruinsC.innumberD.indetaildestroy/ruin/damage ①destroy只能用作动词，常指彻底破坏，无法修复。可用于指希望、计划等被毁掉；程度上指毁灭性的。 ②ruin指毁坏某种好的东西或者有用的东西，事后此物虽存在，却已失去其优良的特征或特性。ruin既可作动词，也可作名词，表“毁灭，破产”。其名词复数形式表示废墟。 ③damage常指人的威信、名声或物品的外观、价值、用途等受到损坏，失去或降低其使用价值，即修理后还可以继续使用。damage既可作动词，也可作名词。

(2)Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity

layinruins.中文原形过去式

过去分词现在分词说明说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词躺;位于lielaylainlying不及物动词放置;产蛋laylaidlaidlaying及物动词顺口溜:规则的撒谎,不规则的躺,躺过就下蛋,下蛋不规则.Thedictionarystill____(lie)whereI____(lay)itamomentago.lieslaide.g.Tina___underthetree___tohermotherthatacock____eggs.A.lying;lied;layB.lain;lied;laidC.lying;lied;laidD.lain;lied;lay3．injurevt.损害；伤害 Two­thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(P26)他们中有2/3在地震中伤亡。 Yourwordsmayinjureherpride.

Theinjuredweretakentothehospital.injure/hurt/wound/harm ①injure特指意外事故中造成的伤害。 ②hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛。 ③wound通常指由武器造成的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指在战场上造成的伤害。④harm用于表示精神或肉体上的伤害，主要用于有生命的东西，常指伤及一个人或其健康，权利，事业等Smokingseriously______hishealth.Hiswords_____myfeelings.Whereisthe________soldier?luckily,heonlygothisleg________intheaccident.harmedhurtwoundedinjured

Haveyouheardit?Atleast102peoplewerekilled,22___and13intheterribleearthquake.injuring;trappinginjured;trappedC.injured;trappingD.injuring;trapping4．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(P26)buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入①Theirambitionswerefinallydeadandburied.②Sincesheleft，he’s

buriedhimselfinhiswork.③Buried/Absorbedinhisstudy，hedidn’tknowthatalltheothershadleft.④Shesatthere，buriedinthought.①buryoneselfinsth.=beburiedin(doing)sth.beburiedinthought在沉思中②buryoneselfinstudyburyone’sfaceinone’shands【思维拓展】表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个：beaddictedto,beabsorbedin,bedevotedto,belostin,focuson,concentrateon等。 用bury的适当形式填空 (1)Hewalkedslowly，hishands________inhispockets. (2)Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark，________herheadinthebookinherhands.(3)Hearingheronlysonkilledintheaccidenttheoldwoman___________________________(双手掩面)andcried.buriedburyingburiedherfaceinherhands________deepdownintheearth，thedeadforestsrottedawayandbecamecoal.A．BuryingB．BuriedC．ToburyD．Havingburied__________inhiswork，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.A.HavingburiedB.BuriedC.BuryingD.BeingburiedMorethantwentyminerswerereportedtobe________alivewhenthetunnelfellin.A．buried B．damagedC．expressedD．frightened5、judgen．&vt.

Hisfatherusedtobeajudge.(2)She'sagoodjudgeofwine.(3)Hewasoneofthejudgeinthefinal.(4)Don'tjudgeamanby/fromhislooks.(5)Whowilljudgethenextcase?法官；审判员鉴定人裁判判断审判(6)Ican’tjudgewhetherheisrightorwrong.(7)Judgingfromhisexpression，hewassatisfiedwithmywork.(8)AsfarasIcanjudge，itisheratherthanyouistoblame.(9)Inmyjudgement，itisnecessarytopayhimavisit.【助记】归纳拓展注意：judgingfrom/by…意为“从……来看；根据……来判断”,用在句首时，是一个独立成分句型，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语。

____________thesky,it'slikelytorain.__________fromwhatshedid,sheisn’tapersontodependon.

JudgingfromJudging________tobethebeststudent，Lucyreceivedascholarship，whichmadeherparentsverydelightedandsatisfied.A．JudgingB．JudgedC．TojudgeD．BeingjudgedIhaven’treadallofhisbooksbefore，but________fromtheoneIhaveread，Ithinkhe’saverypromisingwriter.A．judgedB．judgingC．determiningD．determined6.thinklittle/nothingof以为……没什么了不起；轻视；忽视thinkmuch/highly/wellof重视；看中；对……高度评价

thinkpoorly/badly/little/nothingofbewell/highlythoughtof被……高度评价thinktwiceaboutsth./doingsth.三思而后行speakwell/illof说……的好/坏话

e.g.,Heis_______________________(得到好评)byhisemployees.He_______________________(不重视)whatIsaid.重点短语well/highlythoughtofthoughtlittle/

nothing

of7.atanend(1)Bepatient,hisspeechwillbe

atanendsoon.(2)Thewarwasfinallyatanend.(3)Bytheendoflastyear，hehadlearnedtwothousandEnglishwords.(4)Theydecidedtoputanendtothequarrel.(5)Beingoutofworkandhavingtwoyoungchildren，theyfounditimpossibletomakeendsmeet.atanend常作表语(1)attheendof在……尽头(末)(指时间和空间)bytheendof到……末为止(与过去完成时连用)intheend最后，终于(2)atalooseend无所事事，处于杂乱状态makeendsmeet收支相抵cometoanend结束(用作谓语)drawtoanend接近尾声

put/bring…toanend使……终止putanendtosth.使……终止(3)endupwith以……结束用attheendof,bytheendof,atanend和intheend填空(1)HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearned________________lastterm?(2)Hewillbeascientist_________.(3)MyunclewillflytoChina__________thisyear.(4)He’sgoingtorelaxwithfriendsoncetheexamsare________andhehasexcitingplansforthesummerholidays.bytheendofintheend.attheendofatanendThewarwhichlastedeightyears____atlast.putanendB.cametoanendC.stoppedtoanendD.endedin()Theywalkedandwalkeduntiltheycame______theendofthestream.atB.byC.inD.to

intheend是一个独立使用的短语；虽然attheendof后接地点，但它所表示的是“在……的尽头或末尾”，表示状态。而本题的语境所表示的是“来到了溪流的尽头”，用totheendof…e.g.,Ok,godownfirststreettotheendoftheroad,andturnright.8(教材P27)Suchagreatnumberof

peoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.

e.g.,Alargenumberofpeoplehaveappliedforthejob.Nowagreatnumberofcollegegraduatesareseekingtogetahigh­paidjob.Butthenumberofpostsavailableforthemisoftennotenough.辨析anumberof.../thenumberof...anumberof...许多；大量的，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。thenumberof...……的数量，后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式用anumberof...，thenumberof...填空(1)Asyoucansee，________________carsonourroadskeepsrisingtheseyears.(2)________________studentswanttogotocollegewhentheyfinishmiddleschool.thenumberofAnumberof表示“许多”的短语(1)alarge/great/goodnumberofagreatmanyagoodfew/quiteafew＋n.(复数)(作主语，谓语动词用复数形式)(2)manyamorethanone＋n.(单数)(作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式)(3)agreat/gooddealofquitealittle＋n.(不可数名词)(作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式)(4)alargeamountoflargeamountsof＋n.(不可数名词)

(作主语，谓语动词根据amount的单复数决定)(5)alargequantityoflargequantitiesof＋n.(复数)或＋n.(不可数名词)

(作主语，谓语动词根据quantity的数决定)ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities______risingsteadilysince2009.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen________childrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquake________senttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.A．Agreatnumberof；wasB．Agreatnumberof；wereC．Thegreatnumberof；wasD．Thegreatnumberof；wereItwas________terribleearthquakeand________numberofpeoplewhowerekilledreachedmorethan20,000.A．a；the B．the；aC．the；the D．a；a1）too+adj./adv.+(forsb.)+todo

表示否定，“太…而不能…”他太老了而不能工作。Heis_____old___work.Heis_____old____he_____work.Heis_____young__________work.tootosothatcan’tnotenoughto9Eventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.句型精析2)“too…to…”结构之前带only,but,just,simply译作“非常……”“十分…”当too前或to前有否定词如never,not,时，构成双重否定.Iamonlytoohappytoteachyou.Heisbuttoogladtodoso.Youcanneverbetoooldtoenjoyasong.你绝对不会老得不能享受歌曲带来的欢乐Itisnevertoooldtolearn.3)too…to..结构中带有表示心情或描绘性的adj/adv如ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious等时，表肯定意义。4）can’t/canneverbetoo…再怎样……

也不过分

You

cannot

be

too

careful(=You

can

never

be

careful

enough)

to

do

your

homework.

你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).

Sheistooreadytohelpothers.Iamtooeagertohaveaworldtrip.Lilyhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas________tocarryallthewayhome.A．toomuchheavy B．tooheavymuchC．muchtooheavy D．heavytoomuch[解析]muchtooheavytocarry表示“太重以至于拿不动”。10Itseemed

asiftheworldwasattheend!世界似乎到了末日！(1)seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎；好像”，用以说明主语的特征或状态。ItseemsasifKenwillwintherace.Sheseemedtohaveforgottenherpromise.【思维拓展】Itseems(tosb.)that/asif...(对某人来说)似乎……seemlike＋n.似乎……；好像……seemtobedoingsth./tohavedonesth.好像正在做/已经做了某事seem(tobe)＋n．/adj.似乎是……Thereseems/seemedtobe...好像有……________seemstobeastrongcompetitioninChinaforseniorhighstudentstoentercollegeoruniversity.A．There B．WhatC．That D．It(2)asif＝asthough“仿佛；好像”可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。一asif在从句中的作用。1）．在look,seem等系动词后引导表语从句。如：e.g.,Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger．Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin．2)．引导方式状语从句。（方式状语从句在高考中常见的引导词有表示“像……”的as和表示“好像……”的asif/asthough）e.g.,Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother．Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up．二asif用于省略句中如果asif引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可以省略主语和系动词，这样asif后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。

E.g.,Heactsasif(hewas)afool.Tomraisedhishandsasif(hewasgoing)tosaysomething.

Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.三、asif从句的语气及时态1、asif从句用于陈述句当说话者认为句子所述的是真是的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,。E.g.,Itsoundsasifitisraining.Hetalksasifheisdrunk.2、asif从句用于虚拟语气当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。(be动词一律用were)

e.g.,Youlookasifyoudidn’tcare.Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater，itlooksasifitwerebroken.b.如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。

e.g.,HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.Thegirllistenedasifshehadbeen

turnedtostone.Hekeptworkingasifnothinghadhappened.c.如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。e.g.,Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.Itlooksasifitmightsnow. 【即时应用】 完成句子 (1)Tomshookhishead_____________________________(好像要说)“don'ttrusther”． (2)Itsounds______________________(他好像真得病了)． (3)Ifeel______________________(好像发烧了)．

asif/though(hewasgoing)tosayasif/thoughhe'sreallyillasif/thoughIhaveafeverHelooks________heisangry.A．asifB．evenifC．eventhoughD．if(2011·高考湖南卷)Jackwasn’tsayinganything，buttheteachersmiledathim________hehaddonesomethingveryclever.A．asif

B．incaseC．while D．thoughElizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit________yesterday.A．washappening B．happensC．hashappened D．happened10、Allhopewasnotlost.(P26)并不是所有的希望都破灭了。

Allthestudentsdonot

knowhowtodealwiththeproblem.＝Not