【创新设计】高考英语总复习 211第一章定语从句（江苏专用）

高频语法讲练第一章定语从句

△定语从句讲解△一、定语从句的三个基本概念1．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或整个句子。2．关系词：代替先行词，用来连接先行词和定语从句，同时在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。3．定语从句：放在先行词之后，用来修饰先行词的句子。【例1】Thisistheboy________wearelookingfor.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．whose答案C二、判断关系词的方法1．看是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。2．看先行词指人还是指物。3．根据关系词在从句中所作的成分。【例2】Theperson________oftencomestohelpmeismyfather.A．whoB．whomC．whatD．which答案A【例3】I'llneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，________hasagreateffectonmylaterlife.A．inwhich；that B．when；whichC．which；that D．when；who答案B三、关系词的基本用法1．关系代词that的用法先行词是人或物，that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。【例4】Thestudent________isstudyingEnglishoftengivesmebooks________Iwantverymuch.A．that；that B．which；whichC．that；what D．which；that答案A【例5】Chinaisn'tthecountry________itusedtobe.A．whichB．thatC．asD．where答案B2．关系代词which的用法先行词是物，which在从句中作主语、宾语。【例6】InfacttheSwededidn'tunderstandthethreequestions________wereaskedinFrench.A．whereB．whoC．inwhichD．which答案D3．关系代词who/whom的用法先行词是人，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom只作宾语。【例7】I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

(2010·湖南)A．whoB．whereC．whenD．which答案A【例8】Doyouknowthewoman________wemetatthegate?A．whichB．whatC．whomD．where答案C4．关系代词whose的用法先行词是人或物，whose在从句中作定语。whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋ofwhich/whom＝ofwhich/whom＋the＋n.【例9】Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A．ofwhom B．whomC．ofwhose D．whose答案A【例10】Pleasepassmethedictionary________coverisblack.A．ofwhich B．whichC．ofwhose D．whose答案D5．关系副词when的用法先行词是时间，when在从句中作时间状语。【例11】That'stheday________myfatherwasborninAmerica.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which答案B6．关系副词where的用法先行词是地点，where在从句中作地点状语。【例12】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber's________Igo.It'sonly15.(2010·天津)A．asB．whichC．whereD．that答案C7．关系副词why的用法先行词是reason，why在从句中作原因状语。【例13】Doyouknowthereason________hewaslatefortheparty?A．thatB．whenC．whyD．how答案C8．关系代词but的用法先行词是否定，but本身也是否定且在从句中一般只作主语。but＝that...not【例14】Intheworldthereisnoone________hasafewfaults.A．thatB．butC．whoD．whom答案B四、定语从句的注意事项1．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)【例15】Hehasastrangecharacter，________makeshimhardtogetalongwith.A．whoB．whichC．thatD．what答案B【例16】ThatisTom'sfather________worksinChuangxin.A．whomB．whoC．thatD．what答案B2．注意定语从句谓语动词的形式关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致。【例17】Hewho________reachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．don'tB．doesn'tC．isn'tD．aren't答案B下列两种情况须特别注意(1)在“oneof＋复数名词”后面，定语从句的谓语用复数。(2)在“the(only)oneof＋复数名词”后面，定语从句的谓语用单数。【例18】Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________eveningdress.(2010·全国Ⅱ)A．wear B．wearsC．hasworn D．haveworn答案B3．关系词常可省略的情况(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时；(2)先行词是某些表示时间的名词(如time等)时；(3)先行词theway后面的关系词作状语时(可理解为省略关系词that或inwhich)。【例19】It'stime________wewenttoschool.A．whenB．asC．不填D．which答案C4．由“介词＋whom/which”引出的定语从句介词的选用：(1)看介词和从句中的动词、形容词的习惯搭配；(2)看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配；(3)看从句谓语部分与前面先行词之间的搭配；(4)表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of。(注意：该结构中的关系代词一般不用that/who，且其中的whom/which不可省。)【例21】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity. (2010·浙江)A．whomB．whichC．themD．those答案A【例22】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture. (2010·上海)A．onwhich B．bywhichC．towhich D．fromwhich答案C【例23】Isthisthedictionary________youspentfivedollars?A．towhich B．forwhichC．onwhich D．that答案C5．先行词指“物”时，用that一般不用which的情况(1)先行词是不定代词all，none，little，much，everything，nothing等时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；(3)先行词被序数词或thelast，theonly，thevery修饰时；(4)先行词既有人又有物时；(5)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。【例24】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault. (2010·全国Ⅱ)A．whoB．thatC．asD．what答案B【例25】Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschoolinthepast.A．whichB．thatC．whomD．what答案B【例26】Shewastheonlypersoninheroffice________wasinvitedtotheball.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．which答案A/B6．as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较相同点：(1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。不同点：(1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如……”之意，而which表示“这一点”。【例27】________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．What答案B【例28】Myfatherhasreturnedfromabroad，________makesourfamilyveryhappy.A．thatB．whichC．itD．as答案B7．与thesame连用的关系词比较thesame...as与thesame...that：一般说来，前者表“同类”，后者表“同一”。【例29】Tomtookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera________helostlastweek.A．asB．likeC．whichD．that答案D8．先行词表示时间、地点或原因时，关系词用that或which的情况有时，先行词虽表时间、地点或原因，但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等而不是作状语，这时，不用when，where或why，要用that或which。【例30】Icanneverforgettheday________weworkedtogetherandtheday________wespenttogether.A．when；which B．which；whenC．what；that D．onwhich；when答案A【例31】Thisisthereason________preventedusfromcoming.A．why B．forwhichC．that D．what答案C五、“似是而非”定语从句第一组①Itwasthesmallcity________Ionceworked.②Itwasinthesmallcity________Ionceworked.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．onwhich答案①A②C强调句型可以还原：若将Itis/was和that/who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。第二组①Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyat.②Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyather.A．asB．likeC．whichD．that答案①A②D比较such...as与such...that：前者引导的是定语从句，as须作主语、宾语、表语等；后者引导的是结果状语从句，that不作成分。第三组①Istilllive________Iwasborn.②Istillliveinthetown________Iwasborn.③Istillhaveaquestion________Iwasborn.A．whereB．inwhichC．A&B答案①A②C③Awhere引导定语从句时，其前须有地点名词，where常可用“介词＋which”取代；where引导的从句前如无地点名词，则不是定语从句，where就不可用“介词＋which”取代。第四组①________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.②________isknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.③________isknowntoevery