科技英语翻译-引言、冠词、连词、数词

科技英语翻译IntroductionThefeaturesofESTI.ComplicatedlongsentencesGenerally,ESTisrequiredtostateaccuratelyandreasonstrictly,therefore,itiscommonthatthereexist3or4even5or6clausesinalongsentence.WhentranslatingintoChinese,onehastoseparatethesentenceintocorrespondingnumberofclausessoastostateclearlyandavoid“ChineseEnglish”.e.g.1.Factorieswillnotbuymachinesunlesstheybelievethatthemachinewillproducegoodsthattheyareabletoselltoconsumersatapricethatwillcoverallcosts.

译文1：除非相信那些机器造出的产品卖给消费者的价格足够支付所有开销，厂家是不会买那些机器的。译文2：要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本，厂家是不会买的。2.Thereisanincreasingbeliefintheideathatthe“problemsolvingattitude”oftheengineermustbebuttressed(strengthened)notonlybytechnicalknowledgeand“scientificanalysis”butthattheengineermustalsobeawareofeconomicsandpsychologyand,perhapsevenmoreimportant,thathemustunderstandtheworldaroundhim.(onemainclauseandthreesub-clauses)译文：越来越信服的想法是：工程师不仅必须用技术知识和科学分析来加强解决问题的意向，而且也一定要了解经济学和心理学，而可能更为重要的是：必须懂得周围世界。II.PassivevoicePassivevoiceisquiteoftenusedinEnglish,andthereareabout1/3ofsentencesinpassivevoice.Thepurposeofthepassivevoiceistostressthestatedobjectivematterwhichisputatthebeginningofasentenceasthesubjecttoemphasizeitsimportance.Note:Duringtheprocessoftranslation,thepassivevoiceshouldbeconvertedintotheactivevoicesoastoconformtoChinesegrammaticalrules.

e.g.1.Noworkcanbedonewithoutenergy.译文：没有能量就不能做功。2.Allsortsofnecessitiesoflifecanbemadeofplastics.译文：各种生活必需品都能用塑料制造。3.Allbusinessdecisionsmustnowbemadeinthelightofthemarket.译文：所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。4.Automobilesmaybemanufacturedwithcomputer-drivenrobotsorputtogetheralmosttotallybyhand.译文：汽车可以由计算机操纵的机器人来制造，或者几乎全部用手工装配。III.Non-finiteverbsOnlyoneverbcanbeusedasthepredicateinasimplesentenceinEnglish.Ifthereareseveralverbs,themajoractionmustbeselectedoutasthepredicate,whiletheotheractionscanbeexpressedintheformofnon-finiteverbs.Non-finiteverbsconsistofgerund,participle(presentandpast)andinfinitive.e.g.1.要成为一个名符其实的内行，需要学到老。Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning.2.把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.3.任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。Matterisanythinghavingweightandoccupyingspace.4.Havingdefinedtheunitsforlength,mass,andtime,wecanexpressthroughthemtheunitsforotherphysicalquantities.由于我们定义了长度、质量和时间的单位，我们就可以通过他们来表示其他物理量的单位了。人们发现一切物质都是由原子和分子构成的。IVNominalizationAllsubstanceswillpermitthepassageofsomeelectriccurrent,providedthepotentialdifferenceishighenough.只要有足够的电位差，电流就可通过任何物质。Thedependenceofevaporationrateofaliquidonitstemperatureisenormous.液体蒸发的速度很大程度上取决于它的温度。

Animprovementoftheperformanceofthemachinecanbeeffectedbytheuseofsuper-heatedsteam.可以通过用加热的水蒸气提高该机器的性能。VPost-modifiersManyimportantequationsinscienceandtechnologyhavefractionsinthem.科学技术中的许多重要的式子都带有分数。Userdaterareusuallyassociatedwithanapplicationsuchasaccountsreceivable.用户数据通常与某一应用有关，例如应收的账目。C-EPractice1.图五说明了A随B变化的情况。Englishversion:Figure5showsthevariationofAwithB.2.这些因素决定了计算机储存信息的能力。Englishversion:Thesefactorsdeterminetheabilityofacomputertostoreinformation.3.AC与DC相比有许多优点。Englishversion:AChasmanyadvantagesoverDC.(Theotherexpressions:a.TheadvantagesofACoverDCaremany.b.TherearemanyadvantagesofACoverDC.)4.以何种顺序把A和B相加起来是没有关系的。Englishversion:ItdoesnotmatterinwhichorderAandBareadded.5.你只需要测量一下这个电阻上的电压。Allyouneedtodoistomeasurethevoltageacrosstheresistor.PartsofSpeechI.Articles1.Thetranslation(1)amuste.g.a.Hereisanexample.=Anexamplefollows.译文:下面我们举一个例子。b.Anexperimentfollows.译文:下面我们来做一个实验。(2)amustn’t(neverallowedtotranslatearticlesintoChinese)e.g.a.Awattistheunitofelectricalpower.译文:瓦特是电功率的单位。b.Thevoltagebetweenthebaseandtheemitterissmall.译文:基极与发射极之间的电压很小。(3)anuncertainty(twochoices)e.g.a.θisaparameter.译文:θ是（一个）参数。b.Xisavariable.译文:X是（一个）变量。2.TheirspecialpositionsGenerally,articlesareputintheveryfrontofthenounphrases,andthepositioniscalledthenormalposition.Nowlet’sseetheirspecialpositions:definitearticleallboth+the+nounhalfe.g.a.Allthetermsarepositive.译文:各项均为正。b.Boththeinstrumentsaregoodinquality.译文:这两台仪器的质量都很好。c.Thisaveragevelocityisjusthalfthefinalvelocity.译文:这个平均速度正好是末速度的一半。（2）indefinitearticles●suchwhat+a(an)+noune.g.a.Inelectricalengineering,suchalargeunitisseldomused.译文:在电气工程中，这么大的单位是很少使用的。b.Whatagoodcomputer(itis)!译文:这是一台多么好的计算机啊！●howsotoo+adj.+a(an)+singlenounas…(as)e.g.a.Howbigamedicineballdoweneedtoexplaintheshort-rangeforcesofattractionbetweenthenucleonsinanucleus?译文:为了说明原子核中核子之间的短距离吸引力，我们该用一个多大的药丸呢？

b.Aluminumisnotasgoodaconductorascopper.译文:铝的导电率不如铜高。c.Thisissosensitiveadevicethatitcanmeasuretheslightchangeinpressure.译文:这台仪器如此灵敏，它能测出压力的微弱变化。d.ChinahasseveraltimesaslargeanareaasFrance(does).译文:中国具有数倍于法国那么大的面积。e.Thisistoocomplicatedaproblemforustogointo.译文:这个问题太复杂了，我们（在此）不加讨论。II.Coordinators

1.AndGenerally,itcanbetranslatedinto“和”,“与”,“并且”,“以及”,“而”,“又”,“且”等e.g.a.Smallswitchescontrollampsandradios.译文:小型开关用来控制电灯和收音机。b.Achangeofcropandtheuseofagoodfertilizerwillkeepthelandingoodcondition.译文:更换作物以及使用优质肥料，能使土地保持良好的状态。

c.Thiscomputerislargeandcomplicated.译文:这台计算机大而复杂。d.Wetakealongpieceofpowerwire,andweneedastraightpieceofiron.译文:我们取一根长的电线，并且需要一块条形铁。e.Asodiumwire(钠丝)willburninchlorine（氯气）andproducesalt.译文:钠丝会在氯气中燃烧（从而）产生盐。

When“and”introducesasentence,itcanbetranslatedinto“于是”,“而且”,“那么”,“同时”等。e.g.Andsomethingunusualhappened.译文:于是出现了异常现象。

e.g.Beforewedothis,weshouldpauseandconsider.译文:在做此之前，我们应停下来考虑一下。

2.Or(1)Functions:a.choice---itcanbetranslatedinto“或者”e.g.Accuracyisexpressedasabsoluteerrororrelativeerror.译文:精度可以表示为绝对误差或者相对误差。b.apposition---itcanbetranslatedinto“即”,“也就是”,“换句话说”(Thereisa“,”before“or”.)e.g.●Variations(变化)insoundcausevariationsinthestrength,oramplitude(振幅),oftheradiocarrierwaves.译文:声音的变化引起无线电载波的强度，即振幅的变化。●Theunitofimpedance(阻抗)isevidentlyonevoltperampereoroneohm.译文:显然阻抗的单位是每安培一伏特，即一欧姆。c.betweentwoclauseswitha“,”infront,itcanbetranslatedinto“要不然”.

e.g.●Itisimportantforthereadertolearnandunderstandthebasicconceptsandoperations(运算方法)presentedhere,orthedevelopment(论述)andtheapplicationsoflatertopicswillbedifficulttocomprehend.译文:读者学习和理解这里讲解的基本概念和运算方法是非常重要的，要不然后面题目的论述和应用将难以理解。

III.Numerals1.ThewaytoexpressafractionPattern:cardinalnumberordinalnumber(Theordinalnumberisinpluralformexceptwhenthecardinalnumberis1,inwhichcasethesingularformmustbeused.)Read：1/3，½，3/5，7/9

a.afewtenthsofapercent译文:千分之几b.ByvaryingVBEonlyafewhundredthsofavolt,thebasecurrent(基极电流)canbechangedsignificantly(明显地).译文:只要使VBE变化百分之几（零点零几）伏，就可使基极电流产生明显的变化。c.Thisisonlyafewthousandthsoftheheatofvaporization(汽化热).译文:这仅是汽化热的千分之几。Translate:百万分之三：Englishversion:3partsin106（tentothesixthpower）万分之一：Englishversion:one(a)partin104（tentothefourthpower）十亿分之五：Englishversion:5partsper(inone)billion它们之差为百万分之十。

Englishversion:Theirdifferenceis10partsinamillion/permillion/in106.

Afractionthe(its;their)+nounAmultiple+that+post-modifier(ofphrase)Apercentagewhatclause

2.Specialwaysforanumeraltoactasapre-modifier

e.g.a.Themoonisaboutone-quarter

thesizeoftheearth.译文:月球的体积约为地球的四分之一。b.Thelengthofthishelicalantenna(螺旋天线)isfivetimes

itsdiameter.译文:这个螺旋天线的长度是其直径的五倍。c.Theresistivityofaluminumis1.6times

thatofcopper.译文:铝的电阻率为铜的1.6倍。3.Translationtechniques:Ntimes+comparativedegreethan=ntimesasthebaseform+as原级+asCompare:●Thewire(导线)isfivetimeslongerthanthatone.译文:…比那根长4倍。●Thewireisfivemeterslongerthanthatone.译文:….比