非常好-潜艇系统详解

潜艇系统详解艇体系统姿态控制系统稳定性控制系统指挥塔结构浮力控制系统空气循环系统发电系统推进系统舱底系统通风系统紧急情况呼吸系统…….HMSTRAFALGAR(SSN)ASubmarineisonlyevercalleda:BOATNavalTerminology

DesignedtoConfuseSS: SubmarineSSN: Submarine(NuclearPropelled) SSBN: Submarine(NuclearPropelledwith BallisticMissiles)FF: FrigateDD: DestroyerDDG: DestroyerwithGuidedMissilesCV: CarrierCVF: CarrierwithfixedwingaircraftClassesofSSN(HunterKiller)

2ndGenerationHMSSwiftsure (SBoats) HMSSceptre HMSSpartan HMSSplendid HMSSovereignHMSSuperbClassesofSSN(HunterKiller)

3rdGenerationHMSTrafalgar(Tboats)

HMSTurbulent HMSTirelessHMSTorbay HMSTrenchant HMSTalent HMSTriumph

Astute(ABoats) TomahawkLandAttackMissileFiredfromHMSSplendid

MissileinFlightOneLessCommandBunkerHMSVANGUARD(SSBN)ClassesofSSBN(Bomber)HMSVanguard(Trident) HMSVictorious HMSVengeanceHMSVigilantWhatHappensUnderwaterTheTridentMissileTheDeterrentTHESUBMARINEMUSTBEABLETO:MaintainwatertightintegrityWithstandpressureatdepthRemainmanoeuvrableProvideastableplatformtocarryandfireweaponsProvideahabitableenvironmentforthecrewandtohousemachineryRemainundetected-VeryquietWorkindependentlyofairSEAPRESSUREINCREASESASTHESUBMARINEGOESDEEPER.InPSI,pressureisapproximatelyequalto½thedepthinFEET.

At100ftseapressureis:

50PSIInBAR,pressureisapproximatelyequalto1/10ofthedepthinMETRES.

At30mseapressureis:

3BAR Atasubmarine’sMaximumOperatingDepthasubmarineishavingtowithstandpressuresof650psior35BarTheProblem::BASICSUBMARINECONSRUCTIONTHESTRENGTHOFTHEHULLISINCREASEDBYADDING:TFramesBulkheadsDecks

HULLINSERTS

Numerousholesarecutintothepressurehullforaccessandservices,allofwhichweakenthepressurehull.

Inordertorestoreittoitsoriginalstrength,heavierplatingisweldedaroundeachopening,theseplatesareknownas:ARCHIMEDESPRINCIPLEBUOYANCYPOSITIVENEGATIVENEUTRALBUOYANCYBUOYANCYMAINBALLASTTANKENVIRONMENTALFACTORSAFFECTINGBUOYANCY

SeawaterdensitySalinity Temperature

CompressibilityDown&OutUp&InSUBMARINESTABILITYTheCentreofGravityisthepointthroughwhichtheentireweightofthesubmarinemaybesaidtoact.Allheavymachineryandweightsareplacedatthebottomofthesubmarinetokeepthecentreofgravityaslowaspossible,thisimprovesstability.THECENTREOFBUOYANCY:

IsthepointthroughwhichtheentireupthrustonthesubmarinemaybesaidtoactSTABILITYStabilityisthesubmarine’sresistancetoheelingforcesSTABILITYOPERATINGZONESNORMALOPERATINGZONEMAXIMUMEXCURSIONDEPTH (20%BELOWDDD)CRUSHZONECONTROLSURFACESControlthesubmarine’sCourseandDepthFOREPLANESWorkinconjunctionwiththeafterplanestocontrolpitchanddepthAFTERPLANESWorkinconjunctionwiththeforeplanestocontrolpitchanddepthRUDDERControlstheHeadingoftheSubmarineHUNTERKILLER

COMPARTMENTLAYOUTFWDESCAPE

CONTROLROOM/ACCOMODATIONMANOUVERINGROOMENGINEROOM/MMSWEAPONSEMBARKATIONHATCHFWDESCAPECONNINGTOWERMAINACCESSHATCHAFTERESCAPEHATCHENGINEROOMHATCHREACTORCOMPARTMENTBALLISTICMISSILESUBMARINECOMPARTMENTLAYOUTMISSILECOMPARTMENTREACTORCOMPARTMENTWEAPONSEMBARKATIONHATCHFWDLET/MAINACCESSHATCHCONNINGTOWERHATCHAFTLETENGINEROOMHATCHACCOMODATION/FOREENDSMACHINERYSPACEMIDLETFINIntegralwiththecasingistheFIN.Ithas3distinctfunctions:Supportsandhousesthemastsandperiscopes.Providesanelevatedplatformforconningandnavigation.Strengthenedforicebreakingandstreamlinedbyshutters.MASTS&PERISCOPESSUBMARINESYSTEMSWatersystemsAirsystemsHydraulicsystemsEnvironmentalsystemsSanitarysystemsInordertooperateefficientlyandindependently,thesubmarineneeds:BALLASTSYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionoftheBallastSystemistoadjustthebodilyweightofthesubmarine.BALLASTSYSTEMTRIMSYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionofthetrimsystemistoadjustthehorizontalplaneofthesubmarine.TRIMSYSTEMBILGESYSTEMTheprimaryfunctionoftheBilgeSystemistocollectandstoredirtywater&otherfluidspriortosubsequentdischargeoverboard.BILGESYSTEMDOMESTICFRESHWATERThefunctionofthedomesticfreshwatersystemistoprovidehotandcoldfreshwaterfordrinking,domesticandotherpurposes.HIGHPRESSUREAIR

Tosupplycleandryair@276barto:A) MainBallastTankblows.B) ChargingEmergencyBottleGroups.C) AuxiliaryVent&Blow.D) AfterPlanesinairemergency.E) ReactorAirservices.HPAIRSYSTEMSHPAHAZARDSHearingcanbeimpairedDamagetohealthHPBLOWSYSTEMToblowthemainballasttankswith276barairtoachievepositivebuoyancyHPBLOWSYSTEMNUCLEARSTEAMRAISINGPLANT

Thepressurisedwaterreactorgeneratesheattoboilwater,producingsteamtodrivethemainturbinesforpropulsionandtheturbogeneratorsforelectricalgeneration.ThePWRisthesubmarinesmainsourceofpower:itusesnuclearfissiontogeneratetheheatthatisusedtoproducesteam.REACTOR,SHOWINGSTEAMGENERATORLAYOUTOFAREACTORCOMPARTMENTThecontrolrodsareraisedandloweredtomaintainthereactortemperatureinsideapredeterminedbandAreactorSCRAMisthedroppinginofthecontrolrodsbythereactorprotectionsystemtoshutdownthereactorandpreservepersonnelandsubmarinesafety.ABSOLUTESAFETYESSENTIALSCOOLINGWATERforDecayHeatRemovalELECTRICSforReactorInstrumentation/MonitoringCoolingWaterMustkeepwaterintheprimarycircuitVeryhighintegritysystemMakeupsystemELECTRICALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONThesubmarinerequiresasourceofelectricalpowerinordertofunction.

Toprovidethiswehaveasystemofgeneratorsandinterlinkingcablesandswitches.ELECTRICALGENERATIONProvidesasafereliablesourceofAC/DCelectricalpowerfor:NavigationWeaponssystemsHeatingLightingAlternativemethodsofpropulsion.ELECTRICALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONTURBOGENERATORSTheprimarymethodofproducingelectricalpoweristwosteam-drivenTurboGeneratorslocatedintheMainMachinerySpace(MMS)TheyproducethemainACelectricityat440V60Hz3phase.MAINBATTERYProvidesahighintegrityDCelectricalsupplyintheeventofalossoftheACpowergeneratingcapabilityMOTORGENERATORSM.G’skeeptheMainBatteryfullychargedundernormalconditionsandintheeventofaTGfailuretheycansupplytheACsystemfromtheMainBatteryDIESELGENERATORSThereare2DieselGeneratorsfittedthatcanbeusedtochargethemainbatteryduringnormalbatteryroutinesandinvariousmachinerybreakdownstates,e.g.aprolongedreactorscramSHORESUPPLIESShoresuppliesprovideamethodofsupplyingelectricityalongside,usingcablesconnectedfromthejettytothesubmarine.THEPROPULSIONSYSTEMThefunctionofthepropulsionsystemistoprovideamethodofdrivingthesubmarinethroughthewater,surfacedordived,whilstretainingtheabilitytoremainundetected.MAINPROPULSIONUNIT&SHAFTINGMAINTURBINESThemainturbinesconvertthesteamproducedbytheNSRP(NuclearSteamRaisingPlant)intorotationalmovementtodrivethegearboxviatheclutches.MAINGEARBOXThemaingearboxtransfersthedrivefromthemainturbinestotheshaftandreducestheturbinespeedataspecificreductionratio.EMERGENCYPROPULSIONMOTOR(EPM)TheEPMprovidesanalternativemethodofturningtheshaftintheeventofalossofsteamormechanicalfailureoftheturbinesandisclutchedinoroutwhenrequired.SECONDARYPROPULSIONMOTOR(SPM)TheSPMisusedintheeventofamainshaftingfailureorlossofthegearbox,andwhenmanoeuvringinconfinedwatersEMERGENCYBREATHINGSYSTEMTosupplyclean,breathable,filteredairat7barthroughoutthesubmarinewhenthesubmarinesatmosphereiscontaminated.EMERGENCYBREATHINGSYSTEMHYDRAULICSYSTEMSTosupplyaliquidatpressuretomoveheavyandessentialitemsofequipmentQuietlyEfficientlyandRemotelyMAINHYDRAULICSFwdhydroplanesMainventsWatertightdoorsHPBlowvalvesMasts&PeriscopesHullValves6mainusesofMainHydraulicsare:EXTERNALHYDRAULICSAnchorwindlassCapstansBowcaps&flapvalvesSecondaryPropulsionMotor4MainusesofExternalHydraulicsare:AFTERHYDRAULICSAfterplanesRudderControlAfterHydraulicsisusedexclusivelyfor:ENVIROMENTALSYSTEMSVentilationSystemSnortInductionSystemAirpurificationAirconditioningSanitarysystemsVENTILATIONSYSTEMTocirculateanddistributeairthroughoutthesubmarineToprovideadequateventilationofthebatteryunderallconditions.Toexhauststaleorcontaminatedairfromthesubmarineandreplaceitwithfresh.ToprovideadequateairsuppliestoruntheonboarddieselsVENTILATIONSYSTEMSNORTINDUCTIONS