新时代交互英语4unit2

Book4--Unit1UnitTwoCareerDevelopmentPlanningBook4–Unit2LearningPhasesPursueyourdream!PhaseI BeforeClassPhaseII InClassPhaseIIIFurtherexercisesBook4–Unit2BeforeClass1.Learningobjectives2.Backgroundinformation3.Languagestudy5.SentencestructureBook4--Unit1LearningobjectivesInthisunit,youwilllearnhowto:recognizecommonwordpartsorganizeanarticleon“CareerDevelopmentPlanning”describetablesmakeuseofamplificationintranslationfromotherthreeaspects.researchthejobmarketinordertopredictthebestcareersforthefuture.talkabout“儒家思想”inEnglishWarming-upLet’splayaGAME.Hereisalistofthenamesofsomeoccupations.Onestudentinyourgroupstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom,facingthewholeclass,andtherestofthegroupmemberstrytodescribetheoccupationinEnglishwithoutmentioningtheword.Thegroupthatgetsthemostwordscorrectlywins.GamepolicemannursesalesmanphotographerbarberpainterdoctorprofessorlibrarianeditorteachersecretaryelectriciandriverscientistengineerdesignerbeauticianwritercoachtourguideactorstewardesslawyermanagermusiciantailorconductorDJmayorWarming-upWhatskillsandqualitiesdoesoneneedtopossesstosucceedinone’sjob?Warming-uWarming-upQuestionaftergame

readingandwriting listeningandspeaking operatingcomputers interpersonalskills beingabletolearnnewthingsskills

Warming-up

healthydiligent(hardworking)confidentresponsiblecapabledecisivefar-sightedhonestopen-minded

qualitiesWarming-upBook4–Unit2BackgroundInformationCareerdevelopmentisacomplexprocessinwhichweacquiretheknowledge，skills，andattitudesnecessarytomakeworkameaningful,productive，andsatisfyingpartoflife．Thecareerdevelopmentprocessrequiressuchplannedactivitiesascareerawareness，exploration，decision-making，andeducationalplanning．Theseactivitiesenableustoexplore，toanalyzeoptions，tounderstandourowninterestsandabilities．toselecteducationalpreparationfor，gainentryto，andtosucceedincareerchoicesthroughoutlife．(1)CareerDevelopmentPlanningBook4–Unit2

TheCareerPlanningprocessconsistsofthefollowingthreephases：

Self-assessmentThisphrasecanhelpusdecidewhatcareerpathtofollowandhowtofollowthatpathusingourskills．ItcananswersuchquestionsasWhatdoIlikedoing?AndWhataremyskillsandabilities?BackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2ExplorationofworkchoicesThisphasecananswersuchquestionsasHowdoIgetfrommypresentworksituationtowhereIwanttobeininfiveyears?

Whatoptionsareavailableformetogaintrainingand/orexperience?IdentificationofapossiblecareerThisphasecananswersuchquestionsasHowdoIknowwhatdirectionIwantmycareertotake?HowdoIimplementmycareerchoice?BackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2AlfredB．Nobel(1833—1896)wastheSwedishchemist.HewasbornonOctober21,1833,inStockholm,Sweden．In1842Nobel’sfamilymovedtoSt.Petersburg,Russiawhereheobtainedhiseducation.Hetraveledwidelyasayoungman，becomingfluentinfivelanguages.Nobelwasinterestedinliteratureandwrotenovels,poetryandplaysinhissparetime.In1860shebeganexperimentswithnitroglycein(硝化甘油)inhisfather’sfactory．Hetriedmanywaystostabilizethishighlyvolatile（易挥发的）material.Nobeldiscoveredthatamixofnitroglycerinandotherafineporous（微孔的）powdercalledkieselguhr（硅藻土）wasmosteffective.(2)AlfredB.NobelBackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2Henamedthismixturedynamite(炸药)，andreceivedapatentin1867.Hesetupfactoriesaroundtheworldtomanufacturedynamiteandotherexplosives.Salesofdynamitebroughthimgreatwealth.Heendoweda$9millionfundinhiswill．

Accordingtohisdesire,theinterestonthisendowmentwastobeusedtoofferaprize“tothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallhaveconferredthegreatestbenefittomankind.”Hewantedtorewardhumaningenuitywiththeprofitfromhisinvention.Firstawardedin1901,theNobelPrizeisstillthemosthonoredintheworld.(2)AlfredB.NobelBackgroundInformationBook4–Unit2LanguageforReferenceTheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences瑞典皇家科学院（负责评定诺贝尔物理奖和诺贝尔化学奖，也评定于1969年增设的诺贝尔经济奖。TheCarolineInstituteofStockholm瑞典皇家卡罗林医学院(负责评定诺贝尔生理学或医学奖)TheSwedishAcademy瑞典文学院(负责评定诺贝尔文学奖)TheNorwegianparliament挪威议会(负责评定诺贝尔和平奖)aNobelPrizeinPhysics诺贝尔物理奖(1901年12月10日首次颁发，德国科学家伦琴[Roentgen]因发现X射线获诺贝尔物理学奖。)Book4–Unit2aNobelPrizeinChemistry诺贝尔化学奖(1901年12月10日首次颁发，荷兰科学家范霍夫[JacobusHenficusVan’tHoff]因化学动力学和渗透压定律获第一届诺贝尔化学奖。)aNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine诺贝尔生理或医学奖(1901年12月10日首次颁发，德国科学家贝林[EmilAdolfvonBehring]因血清疗法防治白喉、破伤风获第一届诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。)aNobelPrizeinLiterature诺贝尔文学奖(1901年12月10日首次颁发）法国作家苏利·普吕多姆[SullyPrudhomme]因诗<命运》、<幸福>、<眼睛》和散文《论艺术》、《诗句的断想》等著作获第一届诺贝尔文学奖。)LanguageforReferenceBook4–Unit2aNobelPeacePrize诺贝尔和平奖(1901年12月10日首次颁发，瑞士人桂南JeanH·Dunant]因创立国际红十字会、法国人帕西因创立国际和平联盟和各国议会联盟而共同获得第一届诺贝尔和平奖。与其他4个奖项不同，和平奖的颁发地点不在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩，而在挪威首都奥斯陆。和平奖得主既可以是个人,也可以是机构。TheNobelPrizeinEconomics/NobelEconomicsPrize诺贝尔经济学奖(1969年首次颁发，挪威人拉格纳·弗里希[RagnarFrisch]和荷兰人简·丁伯根[JanTinbergen]因发展了动态模型来分析经济进程而共同获得第一届诺贝尔经济奖。前者是经济计量学的莫基人，后者是经济计量学模式建造者之父。LanguageforReferenceBook4–Unit2Reading1So-SoStudent,NobelPrizeWinnerInclassBook4–Unit2Paraphrase：ParticlephysicistLeonM．Ledermanstillremembersthathehadnotanygiftfordealingwiththingswithhishands．LanguageStudyAsparticlephysicistLeonM．Ledermanstillremembersthathehadnotanygiftfordealingwiththingswithhishands．

(Para．1)Book4–Unit2asconj．

1)usedtosaythatwhatyouaresayingisalreadyknownorhasbeenstatedbeforeAsIexplainedonthephone，yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting．

AsNapoleononcesaid，attackisthebestmethodofdefense．LanguageStudy

2)inthewaythatsomeonesaysorthatsomethinghappens，orintheconditionsomethingisin

We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive．

Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad．3)whileorwhenHedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad．

Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad．

Astimepassed,thingsseemedtogetworse.Justasthetwomenwereleaving，amessagearrived．Book4–Unit2LanguageStudyItwasthesefriendships，morethananyconceptualfascination

thatkepthisinterestinsciencealive．(Para．5)Paraphrase：Thesefriendshipsbetweenhimandhisclassmatesarethestrongerdrivestokeephisinterestsinsciencethanthescienceitself．Thiscleftsentenceisanemphaticstructurewithnon-referringitasformalsubject．Itiscommonlyusedtospotlightalmostanyelementofthestatement，whiletheclauseinitshouldbeintroducedonlybythat/who．

Itwasnotuntilthe18thcenturythatmanrealizedthatthewholeofthebrainwasinvolvedintheworkingsofthemind.Itwasthegovernmentthathasrescuedthefirmfrombankruptcybygivingthemagrant．Book4–Unit2LanguageStudy1.

more

than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如：

（1）Hibernation

is

more

than

sleep.

冬眠不只是睡觉。

（2)Kate

was

more

than

a

teacher.

She

also

did

what

she

could

to

take

care

of

her

pupils.

凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。2.

more

than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如：

（1）I

have

known

him

for

more

than

twenty

years.

我认识他已超过二十年了。

（2)More

than

ten

policemen

turned

up

at

the

spot

where

the

accident

happened.

十多位警察出现在出事地点。

3.

more

than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。例如：

（1）They

were

more

than

happy

to

see

us

come

back

from

the

expedition.

看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。

（2）I

was

more

than

surprised

to

see

the

lion

standing

at

the

body.

看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。

Morethan的用法Book4–Unit2LanguageStudy4.

more

than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如：

（1）Repeated

advertising

will

more

than

increase

product

sales.

多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。

（2）His

progress

in

English

learning

more

than

encouraged

him

to

learn

the

subject

well.

在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。5.

more

than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。例如：

（1）The

beauty

of

the

mountainous

country

is

more

than

I

can

describe.

我难以描述那个山村的美丽。

（2）This

problem

is

more

than

a

child

like

Jack

can

settle.

这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。Morethan的用法Book4–Unit2LanguageStudy6.

no

more

than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如：

（1）All

his

education

added

up

to

no

more

than

one

year.

他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。

（2）Their

new

flat

has

no

more

than

60

square

metres.

他们的新居只有60平方米。7.

not

more

than表示“至多，不超过”，例如：

Lying

on

the

ground

was

a

peasant

boy

of

not

more

than

seventeen.

躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁。Morethan的用法Book4–Unit2LanguageStudyNaturallyatsomepointyou’vegottoliftyourheadup.(Para.11)Paraphrase：It’snaturalthatyoushouldencourageyourselfsometimes．Book4--Unit1TextstructurePart1(Paras.1-2)LeonwasnotgiftedinphysicsbutlatersharedtheNobelPrizeinit.Part2(Paras.3-9)WhatgotLeonlaunchedonhisstudyinphysicsandkepthimgoing?Twothingshappenedwhenhewas10yearsold:abookco-authored(Para.4)afrontarticle(Para.5)Thefriendshipsduringhighschool(Para.6)Unexpectedmeetingwithavisitingphysicsprofessor(Paras.7-9)scientistqualitiesPara.11dedication

Para.15-16sociabilityPara.12-14imaginationTextstructurePart3(Paras.10-16)Whatarethequalitiesthatmakeascientist?Part4(Para.17)ScientificdiscoveryisthrillingandprofoundforLeon.Book4--Unit1CriticalthinkingAsLeontellsit,therearesomequalitiesthatmakeascientist,butwhatotherqualitiesdoyouthinkarealsonecessaryforbecomingascientist?Haveyoueverplannedyourfuturecareerdevelopmentseriously?Whyorwhynot?Whatfactorsdoyouthinkalwaysinfluenceone'schoiceaboutthecareer?Asfarasyouknow,arethereanydifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternersinthisaspect?Book4--Unit1RevisionGivetheEnglishexpressionforthefollowingChinese.天生笨手笨脚benotnaturallygoodatone’shands驱使spursb.on与某人合作关于…的书abookco-authoredbysb.

about…头版文章afrontarticle闲晃hangaround虚度光阴foolaroundBook4--Unit1Revision建立自信developself-confidence资格考试qualifyingexams说了听不懂的话saysth.incomprehensible密切注意watchoutfor客座教授avisitingprofessor对…有天赋aninnategiftforsth.振作liftsb’sheadup自动贩卖机thecoinmachineBook4--Unit1Revision拥有非凡的见识betremendouslyinsightful优异的学生asuperstudent一种不同寻常的思维选择thepreferenceforthinkingunconventionally视…为一体identifywith相关领域thecontiguousfieldBook4--Unit1FurtherExercises

Book4--Unit1FurtherExercisesWatchthevideoaboutchildlaboranddothefollowingexercise:Watchthevideoandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.1)NeilsaidthatintheU.K.peoplecouldonlyseecrepesonceayearonPancakeDayandthereisonlyonetypeservedwith_______.A)hamB)cheeseC)chocolateD)lemonandsugar2)What’stheboy’svisionfortheircrepesbusiness?A)Torunthebestflagshipstore.B)Toopenthenationwidechainofcustomers.C)Toofferthemostcreativecrepestocustomers.D)TobethemarketleaderofthecrepesbusinessintheU.K..√√Book4--Unit1FurtherExercisesII.Watchthevideoanddiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourclassmates.1)WhyhaveNeilandJohnpickedHeadingly,theLeedssuburbtolaunchtheirflagshipstore?2)HowdidNeilandJohnobtaintheirstart-upcapital?III.Makeasummaryofthevideo.Book4–Unit2Reading2TheHopelandFurtherExercisesBook4--Unit1Backgroundinformation1.AmericanDreamIn1848,JamesW.MarshallfoundgoldinCaliforniaandpeoplebeganhavinggoldendreams.That19thcentury“AmericanDream”motivatedtheGoldrushprospectorsbutalsowavesofimmigrantsthroughoutthatcenturyandthenext.PeoplefromEurope,andalargenumberofChinese,arrivedintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturyhopingthatinAmericantheywouldfindgoldinthestreets.Butmost,instead,workedasrailroadlaborers.TheycreatedtheoldestChinatowninSanFrancisco,andgavethecityaChinesename“theoldgoldhill”.Inthe20thcentury,somecriticsarguedthatitwasnolongerpossibletobecomeprosperousthroughdeterminationandhardwork.UnfaireducationforstudentsfrompoorfamiliesandracialdiscriminationalmostmadetheAmericanDreamanightmare.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation1.AmericanDream(continued)Then,inthe1990s,CaliforniasawanewwaveofdreamersinSiliconvalley.PeoplepouredtheirenergyintotheInternet.ThisnewchapteroftheAmericanDreamattractedmanybusinessmenandyoungtalentsfromChinaandIndiatoformstart-upsandseekfortunesinAmerica.Betterpay,anicehouse,andarisingstandardoflivingwillalwaysbeattractive.However,thenewAmericanDreamisnolongerjustaboutmoney.ItencouragesAmericanstoconsumerationallytoprotecttheenvironment,enhancethequalityoflife,andpromotesocialjustice.TheGovernorofCalifornia,ArnoldSchwarzenegger,hasbecomethemodelofthenewAmericanDream.Afteryearsofhardwork,hegrewfromapooryoungmanfromAustriaintoamoviesuperstarandthengovernor.ManypeoplehopehisstorycansavetheAmericanDream.HowdoesoneachievetheAmericanDream?Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation2.Ragstoriches,thetraditionalway:throughthriftandhardworkHowdoesoneachievetheAmericanDream?Traditionally,AmericanshavesoughttorealizetheAmericanDreamofsuccess,fameandwealththroughthriftandhardwork.DuringtheColonialPeriod,BenjaminFranklincounseledpeopleonthe“TheWaytoWealth”.PoorRichard’sAlmanacadvisedthat“Earlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”Thekeytowealthwasindustry:“Industrypaysdebts,”insistedPoorRichard.AmericansoftheEarlyRepublicexpandedFranklin'snotionofindustryintoalaborideology.Formanythegoalwasnotextravagantwealth,but,rather,economicindependenceandtheopportunityforsocialadvancementthroughfinancialgain.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation2.Ragstoriches,thetraditionalway:throughthriftandhardwork(continued)InthemidstofindustrializationfollowingtheCivilWar,manyAmericansexperienceprofoundhardshipinthechangingeconomiclandscape.TheyfoundsolaceinthetalesofHoratioAlger,whosecharactersovercameadversitythroughindustry,perseverance,self-reliance,andself-discipline.Theubiquitous“ragstoriches”legendbecameacornerstoneofAmericansociety;anyonecouldsucceedandachievewealthiftheyworkedhard.ThecommitmenttoindustryillustratedbyAlger'scharacters,Lincoln’sidealsoffreelabor,andFranklin'spracticalmaximswerefurthersolidifiedintheAmericanmindbytheadditionofareligiouslybased,Protestant“workethic.”manybelievedthathardworkallowedonetonotonlyachievefinancialsuccess,but,throughthatsuccessrevealedGod’sgrace.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation2.Ragstoriches,thetraditionalway:throughthriftandhardwork(continued)However,theindustrializationofthe19thand20thcenturiesbegantoerodethedream,replacingitwithaphilosophyof“getrichquick.”Avarietyofseductivebutelusivestrategieshaveevolved,andtodaythetreeleadingwaystoinstantwealtharelarge-prizetelevisiongameshows,big-jackpotstatelotteriesandcompensationlawsuits.Duetothesestrategies,someAmericansarepersuadedtoseektheseeasywaystotheirdream.Inthiscase,thetraditionalmeansofachievingfinancialsuccess,throughindustry,hasbeeneliminated,which,tosomeextent,explainswhytheAmericanDreamhasbecomeanissueofdiscussion.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation3.DominantstereotypesaboutAsianAmericansAsianshavebeenintheUnitedStatesforalongtime.ThehistoryofAsiansinAmericaisthehistoryofdreams,hardwork,prejudice,discrimination,persistence,andtriumph.Asmanysocialscientistshavenoted,therearetwoprimarystereotypesthatcontinuetoaffectAsianAmericans.OneisthatallAsianAmericansarethesame.Thatis,manypeopleareeitherunableorunwillingtodistinguishbetweendifferentAsianethnicities–aKoreanAmericanfromaJapaneseAmerican,aFilipinoAmericanfromanIndonesianAmerican,etc.ThisbecomesaproblemwhenpeoplegeneralizecertainbeliefsorstereotypesaboutoneorafewAsianAmericanstotheentireAsianAmericanpopulation.TheresultisthatimportantdifferencesbetweenAsianethnicgroupsareminimizedorignoredaltogether,sometimesleadingadisastrousresults.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation3.DominantstereotypesaboutAsianAmericans(continued)ThesecondstereotypesisthatallAsianAmericansareforeigners.AlthoughmorethanhalfofallAsiansintheUnitedStateswerebornoutsidetheUnitedStates,manynon-AsianssimplyassumethateveryAsiantheysee,meet,orhearaboutisaforeigner.Manycan’trecognizethatmanyAsianAmericanfamilieshavebeenUScitizensforseveralgenerations.Asaresult,becauseallAsianAmericansareperceivedasforeigners,itbecomeseasiertothinkofthemasnotfullyAmericansandthentodenythemthesamerightsthatotherAmericanstakefoegranted.Yes,thatmeansprejudiceanddiscriminationinitsmanyforms.Book4--Unit1Backgroundinformation3.DominantstereotypesaboutAsianAmericans(continued)However,eveninthefaceofthishostileclimate,AsianAmericansfoughtfornotonlytheirrights,butalsofortheirdignityandself-respect.Theyconsistentlychallengedtheirunequaltreatmentandunjustlawsdirectedatthembyfightingthousandsoflawsuitsatthelocal,stateandfederallevels.Eventhoughmanyoftheireffortswouldbeinvain,theactionsdemonstratedthataboveallelse,theyaspiredtobecomeAmericansandbetreatedjustlikeanyotherAmericans.Ratherthanacceptingthedemeaningstereotypeofthemasperpetualforeigners,AsianAmericansshowthattheyareeagertoassimilateintoAmericansocietyandcontributetoitsculture,growthandprosperity.Book4--Unit1ReadingexercisesPrediction:what“thehopeland”inthestoryrefersto,whatthestorywillbeabout,andwhatwillhappen.Fastreadingscanning(2m)

a.scanforthephrasesexpressingthepassageoftime(1m)b.scanforconjunctions(1m)skimming(10m)

a.skimthefirstandlastparagraphsoastogetageneralideaofthepassageb.skimthetopicsentencesofeachparagraphBook4--Unit1Readingexercises3.Readthepassageasawholeandtimeyourreading.

Startingtime:___________Finishingtime:___________Yourreadingspeed=670words/readingtime4.Comprehensionofthetext

Exercise1onPage.38Book4--Unit1WritingHowtoDescribeTables

常见模板

写作要领Book4--Unit1TranslationAmplificationinTranslation1.LexicalAmplification（从词汇上考虑的增词）2.SyntacticalAmplification（从句法结构上考虑的增词）3.

CulturalAmplification（从文化上考虑的增词）4.RhetoricalAmplification（从修辞上考虑）LexicalAmplification

（从词汇上考虑的增词）增加动词增加名词增加概括词增加副词增加量词增加表达复数的词增加表达时态的词

增加动词1)Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibition,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后的公报。LexicalAmplification2)Shefelttheflowerswereinherfingers,onherlips,growinginherbreast.译文一：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。译文二：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花，连胸中也生出了花。a.

在抽象名词后面增加名词1）Wehavemadesomeachievements,andwemustguardagainstcomplacency.

我们取得了一些成绩，但还要防止自满情绪。2）Oxidationwillmakeironandsteelrusty.

氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。b.在具体名词后面增加名词1)Inthefuture,automationmayenablehumanbeingstoenjoyfarmoreleisurethantheydotoday.

将来自动化可能使人类享受到比今天更多的空闲时间。LexicalAmplification增加名词c.在形容词前面增加名词①Thisnewtypeofcomputerisindeedcheapandfine.

这部新型电脑真是价廉物美。② Heisacomplicatedmanmoody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.

他是一个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。LexicalAmplificationd.在不及物动词后面增加名词

英语中的某些动词在用作不及物动词的时候，虽然后面并没有带宾语，但宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的。所以在翻译成汉语时，往往要把隐含的宾语翻译出来。

Dayafterdayhecametohiswork—sweeping,scrubbing,cleaning.

他每天来干活——扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。

IcouldknitwhenIwasseven.

我7岁时就会织毛衣。LexicalAmplification

增加概括词概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往往可以加入“两人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略掉英语中的连接词。LexicalAmplification

Likemostwildlife，deerreproduce，grow

andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长储存脂肪。Theadvantagesofthehallarebright,spacious,fashionableandwithoutecho.这个大厅有四大优点：宽敞、明亮、样式新颖、没有回声。Theytalkedaboutwage,priceandinflation.他们谈及工资、物价、通货膨胀等问题LexicalAmplification

增加副词有些动词根据原文的上下文可以增加适当的副词，以确切表示原意。Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。Thecrowdsmeltedaway.

人群渐渐地散开了。LexicalAmplification

增加量词

英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。而汉语往往要加入量词。Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.

一轮红日从平静的海面冉冉升起。Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon.

一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云层里去了。LexicalAmplification

增加表达复数的词a.增加重叠词表示复数

Flowersbloomallovertheyard.

朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。Therewererowsofhouseswhichhehadneverseenbefore.一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的LexicalAmplificationb.增加数词或其它词表示复数1)Thelionisthekingofanimals.

狮子是百兽之王。2)Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色的长影LexicalAmplification

增加表达时态的词a．强调某种时间概念Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.原来，是那位老人已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。IhadneverthoughtI’dbehappytofindmyselfconsideredunimportant.ButthistimeIwas.

以前我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但这次情况的确如此。LexicalAmplificationb.强调时间上的对比Itwassaidthathisfatherwasafisherman.Maybehewasaspoorasweare.听说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。Iwas,andremain,gratefulforthepartheplayedinmyrelease.我的获释也有他的功劳。对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。LexicalAmplification增补原文中省略的动词增补原文比较句中的省略部分增补原文回答句中的省略部分增补表示逻辑关系的词语SyntacticalAmplification(从句法结构上考虑的增词)

增补原文中省略的动词Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇敢过度即成愚勇，感情过度即成溺爱，节俭过度即成贪婪。Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.(FrancisBacon)读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才SyntacticalAmplification增补原文比较句中的省略部分Thisistrueofnationsasitisofindividuals.国家是这样，个人也是这样。Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.从别人的失败中汲取教训比从自己的失败中汲取教训更好。SyntacticalAmplification增补原文回答句中的省略部Isthisyourwallet?Yes,itis.

这是你的钱包吗？是我的。Don’tyouwantMr.Smithtobeyourtutor?Yes,ofcourseIdo.

你不想让史密斯先生当你的导师吗？我当然想。SyntacticalAmplification

增补表示逻辑关系的词语Thestrongestmancannotalterthelawofnature.即使是最强有力的人也不能改变自然法则Iaminchargeofthedepot,onlyI.Peoplewillholdmeresponsiblebutnotyou.只有我一个人负责管理这个仓库，出了事情别人找我，找不到你。

Supposethepreparatoryworkshouldnotbecompleted.准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？SyntacticalAmplification增加比喻的喻意增加背景信息CulturalAmplification(从文化上考虑的增词)

增加比喻的喻意Everyfamilyissaidtohaveatleastoneskeletoninthecupboard.俗话说，衣柜里面藏骷髅，见不得人的事家家有。

Adviceandcorrectionrolloffhimlikewateroffaduck’sback.劝导对他好像水过鸭背似的不起作用。CulturalAmplification增加背景信息TheUnitedStateshasnowsetupalonelinessindustry.美国现在已建立了一种为孤独的人们服务的社会项目。Theblondboyquicklycrossedhimself.那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上帝保佑。CulturalAmplifi