高中英语人教版Unit3AHealthyLife unit3sectionⅲ

SectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage根据提示写出下列单词1．pilln． 药丸；药片2．prejudicen. 偏见；成见3．awkwardadj. 局促不安的；笨拙的4．illegaladj. 不合法的；违法的5．survivaln. 幸存6．judgementn. 看法；判决；判断7．embarrassedadj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的8．abortionn. 流产；中途失败根据提示补全下列短语1．inspiteof 不顾；不管2．takerisks/arisk 冒险3．getinto 陷入；染上(坏习惯)4．atrisk 处境危险；遭受危险5．outofbreath 上气不接下气6．makeupone'smind 下定决心根据提示补全下列教材原句1．YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不再能抗衡疾病。2．ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。3．Donotshareanythingelsethatapersonhasusedwhileinjectingdrugs.在注射药物时，不得与患者共用其他东西。阅读P22教材原文，选择最佳答案。1.WillyoubeinfectedwithAIDSbyhuggingapersonwithAIDS?A．No,bytouching.B．No，byvisiting.C．No，bykissing.D．No,bysharingneedles.2．WhatistheadvicegiveninthepassageontheHIV/AIDSprotection?A．IfyouwanttoprotectyourselffrominfectingHIV/AIDS，don'tshareyourthingswithotherpeople.B．Ifyoudon'twanttobeinfectedwithHIV/AIDS，don'thugorkisssomeonewithHIV.C．Ifyouhavesexwithamaleorfemale,usingacondomcouldprotectyoufrombeinginfectedwithHIV.D．OnlywhenyoukeepawayfromthosewholooksickcanyouprotectyourselffromHIVinfection.3．ApersonmaybeinfectedwithHIVthrough．A．blood B．sexualfluidC．injection D．alloftheabove4．Thepassagetellsusabout．A．somecommonunderstandingaboutHIV/AIDSB．whatHIV/AIDSisandthewayoftransmittingC．waystoprotectourselvesD．thedefinitionofHIV/AIDS5．Thepassageisa(n)．A．advertisement B．storyC．poster D．newsreport【答案】1－5DCDBCinspiteof不顾；不管；尽管(教材P20)Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed.尽管他很努力还是失败了。,eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(①inspiteof＋n.,despite＋n.,regardlessof＋n.))不管；不顾eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(②inspiteofthefactthat...,although/though＋从句))虽然；尽管,①Tobehonest，inspiteofmygoodpreparation.IfeltalittlenervouswhenIwasenteringtheexamroom.说实话，尽管我准备得很充分，但是当我走进考场的时候我还是有些紧张。②IstudiedveryhardatEnglishinspiteofthefactthatIdidn'tpasstheexamination.尽管那次考试我没有及格，我依然努力学习英语。[明辨异同]inspiteof/despite，though/although，asinspiteof/despite都是介词，所以后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语though/although引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序，although则不能as引导让步状语从句，但从句需要用倒装语序inspiteof/despite，though/although，as③Inspiteof/Despitetheheavysnow，hemanagedtocome.④Though/Althoughheisveryold，heworkshard.⑤Prettyas/thoughsheis，sheisnotclever.takerisks/takearisk冒险(教材P20)Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks.他觉得每一步他都不得不下定决心而不是冒险。①atrisk(of...) 处于(……的)危险之中；冒(……的)风险atallrisks＝atanyrisk 无论冒什么风险attheriskof... 冒……的危险take/runtheriskofdoingsth. 冒险做某事；冒做某事的危险/风险②riskdoingsth. 冒险做某事riskone'slifetodosth. 冒着生命危险做某事①Everyonewhowantstosucceedmusttakerisks.每一个想要成功的人都需要冒险。②Hesaiditattheriskoflosinghisjob.他冒着失业的危险说了这件事。③Icouldn'ttaketheriskofleaving(leave)himaloneevenforashorttime.我不能冒险把他自己留下，哪怕很短的时间。④Heworkedhard，forhecouldn'trisklosing(lose)thegoodjob.他工作努力，因为他不想冒失去这么好的工作的危险。getinto染上(坏习惯)，陷入(教材P20)Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace!当然对付这些毒品最好的方法就是从一开始就不应该染上这种习惯！getacross 通过；被传达；被理解getdownto 着手处理；开始getover 克服，从……中恢复过来getawaywith 干……而不受惩罚getthrough 接通；完成；通过getalong/onwith 进展；相处①HowcanIgetitacrosstohimhowimportantthisis?我怎么做才能让他理解这件事的重要性呢？②AsfarasIknow，heiseasytogetalongwith.据我所知，他很容易相处。③Icouldn'thavehimgettingawaywithtellinglies.我不能容忍他说谎而免受惩罚。④Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。⑤Ifyoubreaklawagain，youwillgetintotrouble.你若再违反法律，你会陷入麻烦的。judgementn．看法；判决；判断(教材P23)Beforeyoureadthistext，whatjudgementsdidyoumakeaboutpeoplewithHIV/AIDS?在你阅读本篇文章之前，你对感染HIV/AIDS病毒的人有什么评价？①makeajudgementabout/at... 对……作出判断/做评价insb.'sjudgement 在某人看来passjudgementon 作出评论，作出裁决②judgev. 判断；判定；估计；评价judgesth. 凭……评判/断定judgesb./sth.(tobe)sth. 认为某人/物……judgingby/from 依据……来判断①Hepassedjudgementontheguiltyman.他对那个罪犯作出了裁决。②Judging(judge)fromhisaccent，heisanAmerican.从口音判断，他是位美国人。③Inmyjudgement(judge)，weshoulddoit.按我的看法，我们应该做这件事。embarrassedadj.尴尬的；陷入困境的；窘迫的(教材P24)ThensheofferedmeacigaretteandIfeltsoembarrassedandawkward.然后，她递给我一支烟，我感到如此难为情和尴尬。①be/feelembarrassedtodosth. 尴尬于干某事be/feelembarrassedabout/atsth. 因为……而尴尬②embarrassvt. 使难堪，使局促不安③embarrassingadj. 令人难堪的④embarrassmentn. 难堪，困窘①Ifeltsoembarrassedaboutmymistake.我为自己的错误感到不好意思。②Hewasembarrassedtoadmit(admit)makingamistake.他很尴尬地承认犯了一个错误。③Idon'tlikemakingspeechesinpublic；it'ssoembarrassing(embarrass)．我不喜欢在公开场合演说，太难为情了。Ⅰ.选词填空inspiteof;takerisks；getinto;atrisk;outofbreath；makeupone'smind1.thebadweather，wewentfishingyesterday.2.Iranallthewaytothetheaterandwas．3.IhavemanyfactstothinkaboutbeforeI．4．Thegirlhasthehabitofplayingwithherhairwhilereading.5．Theydon'twanttooflosingtheirbusiness.【答案】spiteofofbreathupmymindintorisksⅡ.一句多译1．他不能冒险失去这一次好机会。【导学号：33100018】①Hecouldnotlosethegoodchance.(riskn．)②Hecouldnotlosingthegoodchance.(riskn．)③Hecouldnotthegoodchance.(riskv．)2．尽管有许多困难，我们还是成功了。①Wesucceeded．(介词短语)②Wesucceeded．(从句)【答案】1.①takearisk/risksto②take/runtheriskof③risklosing2．①inspiteofmanydifficulties②although/thoughthereweremanydifficulties(教材P22)YoucanhaveHIVinyourbloodforalongtime，buteventuallyHIVwilldamageyourimmunesystemsomuchthatyourbodycannolongerfightdisease.在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。【要点提炼】so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。(1)so...that...引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：①so＋adj./adv.＋that...②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...③so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that...(2)such...that...也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：①such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...②such＋adj.＋复数名词或不可数名词＋that...①Hewassoworriedthatsweatbegantopourdownhisface.他很着急，汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。②Hespokesoloudlythateveryoneintheroomheardhim.他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。③ItissuchfineweatherthatIhavedecidedtogooutingwithmyfriends.天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊游。[名师点津]so...that...或such...that...句式中，有时候会把so...或such...部分提到句首，主句用倒装语序。(教材P22)ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolooksick.只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。【要点提炼】本句为强调句型，强调when引导的时间状语从句。强调句型：①基本结构：It＋be＋被强调部分＋that(指人时可以用who代替)从句②一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who...从句③特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who...从句④not...until...的强调句式：It＋be＋notuntil...＋that...从句①Itisonlywhenwegetillthatwebegintorealizehowimportantitistokeephealthy.只有当我们生病的时候，才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。②Wasitateighto'clockthatyoubegantowork?你是在八点钟开始工作的吗？③Howwasitthatyoumanagedtogetoutofthebusonfire?你究竟是怎么从着火的公交车里爬出来的？④Itwasnotuntilthefishdiedintheriverthatthefarmersknewtheriverhadbeenpolluted.直到河里的鱼死了，农民们才知道河水被污染了。句型转换1．对划线部分进行强调①Imetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.→②Ididnotgetyourletteruntilyesterday．→③Whendidyoumeether?→2．Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatwealllikeit.①Itisinterestingafilmwealllikeit.②filmisitwealllikeit.【答案】1.①ItwasanoldfriendthatImetintheparkyesterday.②ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIgotyourletter.③Whenwasitthatyoumeether?2．①so；that②Suchaninteresting/Sointerestinga；that学业分层测评（八）Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Frankshowedgood(judge)indecidingnottoinvestintheproject.2．Alfredfeltvery(embarrass)atbeingthecentreofattention.3．Hehasmadesuchgreatprogresstheteachersarepleasedwithhim.4．Don'tgetthehabitofdependingonothers.5．Herisked(catch)andkilledtostealsaltfortheRedArmy.6．ItwaslastnightAnnehadaheavycold.7．His(survive)isstilluncertain；hehasbeenverybadlyhurtandmaydie.8．spiteofillness，hemanagedtocome.9．Ifwegotowar，innocentliveswillbeputrisk.10．Hehasaprejudicecareerwomen.【答案】caughtⅡ.完成句子1．不能回答那个问题他觉得很羞愧。Hehewasnotabletoanswerthequestion.2．他是一个如此懒惰的人以至于她父亲不同意女儿嫁给他。【导学号：33100038】washethatherfatherdisapprovedoftheirmarriage.3．直到他告诉我，我才明白这件事。Ihadanideaaboutit.4．从他说的话来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。，hemustbeanhonestman.5．每天步行去上班不仅能增强你的体质，而且还能帮你省钱。Goingtoworkonfootcan．【答案】embarrassedthatlazyamanwasnotuntilhetoldmethatfromwhathesaidonlybuildupyourbodybutalsohelpyousavemoney.Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2023·湖北松滋高二模拟)Ifitreallyiswhat'sontheinsidethatcounts,thenalotofthinpeoplemightbeintrouble.Somedoctorsnowthinkthattheinternal(内部的)fatsurroundingimportantorgansliketheheartorlivercouldbeasdangerousastheexternalfatwhichcanbenoticedmoreeasily.“Beingthindoesn'tsurelymeanyouarenotfat，”saidBellatImperialCollege.Since1994,Bellandhisteamhavescannednearly800peoplewithMRImachinestocreate“fatmaps”showingwherepeoplestorefat.Accordingtotheresult,peoplewhokeeptheirweightthroughdietratherthanexercisearelikelytohavemajordepositsofinternalfat,eveniftheyarepeoplewithnormalBodyMassIndexscorescanhavesurprisinglevelsoffatdepositsinside.Ofthewomen,asmanyas45percentofthosewithnormalBMIscores(20to25)actuallyhadtoohighlevelsofinternalfat.Amongmen,thepercentagewasnearly60percent.AccordingtoBell,peoplewhoarefatontheinsideareactuallyontheedgeofbeingfat.Theyeattoomanyfattyandsugaryfoods,buttheyarenoteatingenoughtobefat.Scientistsbelievewenaturallystorefataroundthebellyfirst,butatsomepoint,thebodymaystartstoringitelsewhere.Doctorsareunsureabouttheexactdangersofinternalfat,butsomethinkithassomethingtodowithheartdiseaseanddiabetes(糖尿病).Theywanttoprovethatinternalfatdamagesthebody'scommunicationsystems.Thegoodnewsisthatinternalfatcanbeeasilyburnedoffthroughexerciseorevenbyimprovingyourdiet.“Ifyouwanttobehealthy,thereisnoshortcut.Exercisehastobeanimportantpartofyourlifestyle.”Bellsaid.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thinpeoplemaybefatinside.B．Internalfatisofnoimportance.C．Internalfatleadstomanydiseases.D．Thinpeopledon'thavediabetes.【解析】主旨大意题。文章开头提出“Ifitreallyiswhat'sontheinsidethatcounts，thenalotofthinpeoplemightbeintrouble.”然后指出瘦人身体内部不一定瘦，接着围绕此话题展开行文，故A选项内容即为文章表达的中心。【答案】A2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisWRONG?A．Exercisecanhelptoreducetheinternalfat.B．Peoplecangetridofinternalfatbyimprovingdiet.C．Menaremorelikelytohavetoomuchinternalfat.D．Peoplewithheartdiseaseallhaveinternalfat.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“somethinkithassomethingtodowithheartdiseaseanddiabetes(糖尿病)”可知D选项内容错误，其余选项均正确。【答案】D3.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanfindthat．A．internalfatleadingtodiseasehasbeenprovedB．exerciseplaysanimportantroleinpeople'slifeforkeepinghealthyC．thinpeopleusuallyhaveinternalfateveniftheyareslimD．itiseasiertoburnoffinternalfatthanexternalfat【解析】细节理解题。由本段中“internalfatcanbeeasilyburnedoffthroughexercise”和“Exercisehastobeanimportantpartofyourlifestyle.”可知锻炼在人的健康方面起着重要作用，故选B。【答案】B4.Theunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmeans．A．alongroadB．acleardifferenceC．aneasywayD．ashortdistance【解析】词义理解题。由“thereisnohastobeanimportantpartofyourlifestyle.(锻炼必须成为你生活方式的一部分)”，由此推断划线词应该是没有别的方法，没有捷径的意思。【答案】CBLosingweightcomeswithalotofhealthbenefits－includingmakingyourbrainsharper.Therehavebeenfewstudiesofoverweightandcognitivefunctioning,possiblybecauseitisgenerallybelievedthatitisnotaprimaryriskcauseforpoorcognitiveperformance.Yet,itturnsoutthatoverweightmaydamagecognitivefunctionssuchasmemoryandattention.Losingweight,therefore,mayhelpimprovethesementalfunctions,accordingtoanewresearchledbyJohnGunstad,assistantprofessorofpsychologyatKentGrowingevidencesuggeststhatbeingfatislinkedtocognitivedeficits(缺陷).SoGunstadandhisteamguessedthatlosingweightmightimprovementaltheirstudy,theymeasuredmemoryandattentioninagroupof150overweightparticipants,someofwhomhadsomekindofoperationforweightlossandsomedidnot.Allofthevolunteerscompletedmentalskillsteststoassesstheirabilitiesofmemoryandattentionatthebeginningofthestudy,andagain12weeksbeginwith,about24%ofthepatientsshoweddamagedlearningand23%showedsignsofpoormemorywhentested.Attheendofthestudy,thosewhohadlostweightafteroperationimprovedtheirscoresintotheaverageoraboveaveragerangeforcognitivefunctions.Scoresforthevolunteerswhodidn'tloseweightdroppedevenfurther.ThestudyhelpedGunstadtofindoutwhetherlosingweighthadanyeffectonmentalfunction.Nowthathe'sseenthepositiveeffectthatweightlosscanhaveonmemoryandattention,hesayshewillnextstudythosewhochoosetoloseweightbythetraditionalway－eatinghealthierandgettingmoreactive.Heexpectsthatlosingweightinthiswaywillhaveasimilarlypositiveeffectonthebrain.“Ifwecanimprovetheconditionwithoperations,thenwecanprobablyproducethesamechangewithbehavioralweightlossaswell，”hesays.5．Thereislessresearchonoverweightandcognitivefunctionsbecauseresearchers．A．believeoverweightonlyaffectsourbodyB．havefocusedonwaystosharpenpeople'smindC．donotconsideroverweightisamaincauseforlowcognitiveabilityD．areclearabouttherelationbetweenweightandmentalfunctions【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Therehavebeenfewstudiesofoverweightandcognitivefunctioning，possiblybecauseitisgenerallybelievedthatitisnotaprimaryriskcauseforpoorcognitiveperformance.”可知人们在此之前很少研究肥胖和认知功能之间存在关系的原因是人们没有认为肥胖是导致认知功能下降的基本原因，答案选C。【答案】C6.TheresultofGunstad'sstudyshowsthat．A．losingweighthaslittleeffectonpeople'smemoryB．losingweightcanimprovepeople'smentalfunctionsC．overweightpeoplearelikelytohavepsychologyproblemsD．overweightpeople'sabilitiesofconcentrationdiffergreatly【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Losingweight，therefore，mayhelpimprovethesementalfunctions”可知减肥可以改善大脑功能，故选B。【答案】B7.WhatisGunstadplanningtoprovenextinhisresearch?A．Slimpeoplearesmarterthanoverweightpeople.B．Healthydietisbetterthanexerciseinlosingweight.C．Traditionalwaysoflosingweightarebetterthanoperation.D．Overweightpeoplewillgetsmarterbytakingmoreexercise.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章末段“Nowthathe'sseenthepositiveeffectthatweightlosscanhaveonmemoryandattention，hesayshewillnextstudythosewhochoosetoloseweightbythetraditionalway－eatinghealthierandgettingmoreactive.”可以判断他接下来要研究那些通过锻炼和健康饮食减肥的人们，看看是否健康减肥也存在这种对大脑的积极影响。【答案】D8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BodyWeightandHealthB．LosingWeightbyOperationC．WaystoImproveMentalFunctionsD．LosingWeighttoSharpenYourMind【解析】主旨大意题。文章首段提出中心“Losingweightcomeswithalotofhealthbenefits－includingmakingyourbrainsharper.”然后在下文中对这项研究进行详细介绍，故D选项内容可以概括文章中心。【答案】DⅣ.阅读填句(2023·湖北黄冈高二模拟)HowtoGetHappy1Figureouthowtochangethewayyouviewyourlifeandyoucanachievehappiness.GretchenRubin,thecreatoroftheHappinessProjectwebsitespentayeartesting“everyprinciple,tip,andtheory”shecouldfindtohelppeoplecheerup，especiallygiventhetryingtimes.“Whenpeoplefeellikethey'reworseoffthantheywerelastyear,it'sahappinesschallenge，”Rubinnote.Heradvice：2Hereshehappilysharedotherpointers.Whatarethethingsthatgiveahappinessboost?boring,buta2023studyshowedtirednessisoneofthetoptworeasonspeopleareinabadmoodatwork.Anotherwaytoboosthappinessistojoinorstartagroup.Philosophersagreethatsocialbondsarethekeytoit'shardtoconnectdeeplywithpeopleataparty;apurposeandanagendareallyhelp.3Oneprincipleofhappinessisthatyoushoul