高中英语人教版Unit4Globalwarming unit4sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writingit用法(Ⅱ)阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.2．ItwasascientistcalledCharlesKeeling，whomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.3．Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.1．强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分(1)此结构中it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调部分。(2)此强调句型只能强调主语、宾语、状语，不能强调谓语。(3)被强调的成分是表示人的词时用who/that，而被强调是其他时(事物、时间、地点等)只能用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatboughtanoldbikeyesterdayinamarketplace.是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调主语)ItwasanoldbikethatJohnboughtyesterdayinamarketplace.昨天约翰在市场上买的是辆旧自行车。(强调宾语)ItwasyesterdaythatJohnboughtanoldbikeinamarketplace.约翰是昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调时间状语)ItwasinamarketplacethatJohnboughtanoldbikeyesterday.昨天约翰是在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调地点状语)Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.正是因为水涨了，他们没能过河。(强调原因状语从句)2．强调句型的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式(1)一般疑问句式：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?他是二战期间死亡的吗？(2)特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that＋其他成分？Whyisitthatyouputoffthemeeting?你为什么推迟会议呢？Wherewasitthatyoulostyourcar?你是在哪儿丢的车？3．对not...until结构的强调not...until结构的强调句型为“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。Hedidn'tgotobeduntilteno'clock.→Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthathewenttobed.直到10点他才睡觉。Ididn'trealizeituntilIgotoffthebus.→ItwasnotuntilIgotoffthebusthatIrealizedit.直到下车之后我才意识到这事。4．使用强调句型的几个注意事项(1)若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.是他经常帮我学英语。Itistreesthatweplantonthehillsideeveryyear.我们每年都在山坡上种的是树。(2)若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。Itwashethathelpedmeyesterday.昨天帮我的人是他。Itwasmethathehelpedyesterday.他昨天帮的人是我。(3)强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas...that/who...，其余的时态用Itis...that/who...。Itisyouwho/thataretoblame.是你该受到指责。[名师点津]强调句型最容易与定语从句、主语从句和状语从句等混淆，区分它们的关键在于：如果把句子中的Itis/was和that/who去掉，剩下的部分还是一个完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则此句为强调句型；否则，应仔细分析句子，判断该句是何种从句。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itwasatmidnightshewaswokenupbyaphonecall.2．Itwasbecauseofthemostbeautifulvillageteacher—XiaoShan'sstrongdeterminationheformedthewomanfootballteaminthepoorarea.3．Itiseitherheoryouwhoinchargeoftheprojectandsupposedtofinishitpunctually.4．Hewassobusyyesterdaythatitwasnotuntillateatnighthefinishedhiswork.5．—IwonderitisthatmakesthevideoGangnamStylesopopular.—Theuniquedancemovesandfunnyhorseridingscenes.【答案】Ⅱ.完成句子1．我已经二十年没见他了。It'stwentyyearssince．2．昨天晚上直到11点钟我父亲才回来。Itwasthatmyfatherreturnedlastnight.3．你是在哪里找到你丢的书的？thatyoufoundyourlostbook?4．是这个小男孩打破了这位老太太的一扇窗户。Itisthelittleboyawindowoftheoldlady.5．在早上五点钟他就动身了。Itthathesetoff.【答案】haveseenhimuntil11o'clockisitwhohasbrokenat5o'clockinthemorning如何写英文海报海报是向大众发布某种消息的布告。海报的形式多为招聘广告、活动宣传和人物介绍。英文海报的内容常为球讯、影讯、商业报道、展览会、报告会、专题讲座等。1．海报的结构。海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。(1)标题。在第一行的正中间写上“POSTER”字样，接着在第二行即“POSTER”下面写上活动的具体名称或活动的内容。如：Anexcitingfootballmatch(2)正文。在第三行空4个字母格写正文，为一段。海报的正文要求写清楚以下内容：第一，活动的目的和意义。第二，活动的主要项目、时间、地点等。第三，参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。(3)落款。要求写上主办单位的名称及海报的发文日期。2．海报写作的注意事项。(1)时态：用一般将来时和一般现在时。(2)语言：海报文字要求简洁明了，篇幅要短小精悍，文中可以用些鼓动性的词语，但不可夸大其词。(3)要求：海报一定要具体真实地写明活动的时间、地点、主要内容、参加规定及主办单位。[亮点句式]1．We'llhaveashow/footballmatchonJuly16th.2．Thereisapieceofnewsthatwe'llholda．..＋地点＋时间．3．Wehopetoraisemoneytohelpthepoorchildren...4．Itwillbeheld...Thematchwillbewonderful.5．Youcanbuyticketsin...andthepriceis2yuanforeach.6．Bythen，somenewclothesareeven50%youspendmorethan100yuanatonetime，youcangetapresent.7．Allarewarmlywelcome.8．Everyoneiswelcome.9．Catchthechance，oryouwillregret.10．Signupandhaveagoodtime.[写作任务]请根据下列内容写一篇海报。全球变暖问题越来越引起人们的关注，它所产生的严重后果也逐渐为人所知。为此，你校学生会特意邀请了环保专家来校举办讲座，专门就全球变暖问题产生的原因、后果，以及中学生如何应对全球变暖问题等将进行论述，并在演讲结束后回答同学们的提问。时间：星期三8：00a．m.～11：00a．m.地点：大厅[审题谋篇]体裁海报话题环保讲座时态一般将来时人称第二人称[遣词造句]Ⅰ.词汇1．举办讲座2．原因和影响3．导致4．处理，对付5．在……结尾【答案】alectureandeffectto/contributeto/resultinwith/dealwiththeendof...Ⅱ.句式1．TheStudents'UnionofourschoolwillorganizeaLectureonGlobalWarmingintheauditoriumonWednesday，December20，2023from8：00a．11：00a．m.(句型转换，每空一词)AlectureonGlobalWarmingbytheStudents'UnionofourschoolintheauditoriumonWednesday，December20，2023from8：00a．11：00a．m.2．Anexpertworkingfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.(用定语从句改写句子)【答案】；will；be；givenexpertwhoworksfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.[妙笔成篇]【参考范文】ALectureonGlobalWarmingorganizedbytheStudents'UnionofourschoolwillbegivenintheauditoriumonWednesday，December20，2023from8：00a．11：00a．expertworkingfortheenvironmentwillgivealectureonthecausesandharmfuleffectsofglobalwarmingthatresultsin.Besides，hewilltellusmiddleschoolstudentswhatwecandowiththetheendofthespeech，wecanaskhimanyquestionconcerningglobalthestudentsinourschoolarewelcomedtoattendthislecture.Students'Union学业分层测评（十二）Ⅰ.完成句子1．是她建议他去北京深造。suggestedthathegotoBeijingforfurtherstudy.2．直到他开始在那家公司工作时，他才遇到他想娶的女孩。inthatcompanythathemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.3．我们都知道，不是我们读了多少书，而是我们读的内容才是重要的。Asweallknow，itisnothowmuchwereadbutwhatweread．4．人们似乎已经忘了到底是在多少年之前在那里建造了这些发电站。Peopleseemedtohaveforgottenthatthepowerstationswerebuiltthere.5．我们是在我们以前生活过的村子相识的。Itwasinthevillagewhichweusedtoliveineachother.【导学号：33100042】【答案】wasshewho/thatwasnotuntilhebegantoworkisimportantmanyyearsagoitwaswegottoknowⅡ.阅读理解Americanswon'tlivewithoutcars!Eachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreets，asmillionsofnewcarsareofeverysixAmericansworkatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars，drivingtrucks，buildingroadsorfillingcarswithgas.MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithouta，somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbypollutedairispoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistodesignanewcarthatdoesnot'swhatseverallargecarfactoriesaretryingtotobuildthenewcariseasiersaidthaninthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotakeplaceofthecarenginebysomethingarenowworkingonsomenewmakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars，we'llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofus，forexample，havetocutdownthenumberoftheircarstheyareencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbyabikeisthoughttohelpkeeptheairclean.Butthischangedoesnotcomelargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithnojobsifacarfactoryclosestheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.1．Largecarfactoriesaretryingtobuildacleancar，．A．whichiscleanitselfB．whichisusedtocleanstreetsC．whichdoesnotpollutetheairD．whichiseasiertomake【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段提到“Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistodesignanewcarthatdoesnotpollute.”摆脱空气污染的一个方法就是设计一种新型的无污染的汽车，故选C项。【答案】C2．Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown，themostseriousprobleminAmericanworkersis．A．tohavenoworktodoB．tokeeptheaircleanC．togetabetterlifeD．togotoworkbybike【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段提到“Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithnojobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.”如果汽车厂关门的话，许多的工人会失业，故选A项。【答案】A3．Whatistheconclusionofthewriter?A．Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B．Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C．Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D．Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段提到“MostAmericansfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldbewithoutacar.”美国人发现没有车生活会变得很困难，故可知汽车非常重要，再根据“However，somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemofairpollutionbycars.”提到可知汽车也带来了很多的污染问题，故选D项。【答案】DⅢ.语法填空(2023·山西太原高二模拟)Sometimeago，SophiaandI1.(visit)somefriendsinthewerestayingatabeautifullittlecabin2.(surround)byfruittrees，flowersandevenafewabovethedoorwayinbrightlycoloredletterswerethewords.Yourmindisathoughtsaretheseeds，youcangrowflowersoryoucangrowweeds.Littledidweknowitatthetime，3.thislittlepoemwastohaveagreateffectonourthoughts.Itstartedalmostasakindofdecidedtomakearealefforttowatchourthoughtsandseeexactly4.itwasthatwewereplantinginourown“mindgarden”．Wecametoseehowsomanyoftheproblemsanddifficultiesinourliveshadtheirbeginningsintheseedsofdoubt，fearandanxiety，5.wewerecontinuallyplantinginourminds.Aswebecamemoreandmoreawareofthesenegativethoughts，wesaid，“No，Iwon'tplanttheweedinthegardenofmywillchoosetoplantsomething6.(good)．Itisnecessarytopulloutandthrowawaythoseseedsoffear，doubtandanxietyassoonastheyyoustarttoplantsomethinginyourown“mindgarden”，youwill7.(true)beamazedatthechanges，whichbegintohappeninyourlife.Love，happinessandtranquility(宁静)canspread8.peoplewhokeep9.(plant)theseseedsinthegardensoftheirmindsarealsoplantingthemin10.(other)．Remember:Yourmindisathoughtsaretheseeds，youcangrowflowersoryoucangrowweeds.1．【解析】由前文Sometimeago可知用一般过去时。【答案】visited2.【解析】abeautifullittlecabin与surround为被动关系。【答案】surrounded3.【解析】前后为转折关系。【答案】but4.【解析】what引导表语从句，且在从句中作was的表语。【答案】what5．【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面内容。【答案】which6．【解析】意思指“比前面更好”。【答案】better7．【解析】副词修饰动词。【答案】truly8．【解析】among“在……之间”。【答案】among9．【解析】keepdoing“持续干某事”。【答案】planting10．【解析】其他人的心中，相当于thegardensofothers'minds。【答案】others'Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whenaconsumerfindsthatsomethingheorsheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptowhattheproducersaysforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty(保单)，oranyotherrecordsthatmighthelp,atthestoreofbuying.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the“higherup”theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,takingitastruethatheorshehasajustright.Consumersshouldcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofbuying,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercanshowclearlywhatiswrongwithwhatwasboughtinquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample，“Thel