高考总复习英语外研通用版教师用书语法专项突破8第八讲名词性从句

第八讲名词性从句题型分类考题印证命题解读语法填空1.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__howthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.2.(广东卷)Ididn’tunderstandwhythiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中连接代词what与that,how,if与whether是考查的重点短文改错1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.that→where2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.where→that或去掉where1.从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；2.连接代词(what,which和who等)之间的错用；3.从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；4.从属连词that的缺失或多余主语从句1．主语从句的引导词连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what,who,whom，which,whichever，whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中作状语◆(2016·北京卷)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。◆(2015·北京卷)Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。◆(2015·江苏卷)WhereLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。◆(安徽卷)Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。2．形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)＋that从句◆(浙江卷)Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。◆(山东卷)Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。eq\a\vs4\al()当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接ornot时，只能用whether。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2017·北京卷)Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.2．(2018·山东济南一中月考)Itissaidthatheisfocusingonabookonspaceexploration.Butwhenitwillcomeoutremainsintheair.3．ThatwillcometohelpwithmyEnglishhasn’tbeendecided.That→Who宾语从句1．宾语从句的引导词连接词that,whether,if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what,who,whom，which,whichever，whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when,where,how,why在从句中作状语◆(2017·天津卷)SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。◆(四川卷)Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether,不用if。(3)在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if,若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。(4)宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。2．形式宾语宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋宾语从句(3)短语动词seeto/dependon/relyon＋it＋宾语从句(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosb.that＋宾语从句◆(陕西卷)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。◆Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。◆Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·陕西宝鸡中学月考)WhenIwalkedonthestreet,Iwantedtosayhowcleanthestreetswere.2．Idon’tdoubtthattheplanispractical,butIdoubtwhether/if__hewillsticktotheplanuntilit’sfinished.3．Iwouldappreciateifyoutakemysuggestionintoconsideration.在if前加it表语从句1．表语从句的引导词连接词that,whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what,who,whom，which,whichever，whatever,whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when,where，how,why在从句中作状语◆(2016·上海卷)Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatisintended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。◆(2015·福建卷)Thisiswhereweusuallythinkit’seasiertojustgiveup.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。eq\a\vs4\al()if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。2．asif/asthough引导表语从句asif/asthough意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。◆Thethicksmogcoveredthewholecity.Itwasasifagreatblackblankethadbeenthrownoverit.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3．其他常考的表语从句(1)This/That/Itiswhy＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”(2)This/That/Itisbecause＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat＋表语从句“……的原因是……”◆(安徽卷)Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2016·北京卷)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.2．(浙江卷)“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhatmymotherusedtotellme.3．(2018·江西南昌模拟)Oneofthemainreasonsforthisisteachersworktoohardbutgettoolittle.在teachers前加that同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice,conclusion,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,promise,question,suggestion,thought,truth,wish,word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that,whether,how,where,when,why等。◆(2016·天津卷)Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。eq\a\vs4\al()that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·北京重点中学联考)Thequestionoccurredtomewhereweshouldgotogetthecarrepaired.Wewereinthemiddleoftheforestatthattime.2．Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.3．(2018·安徽合肥模拟)Wehaveofferedhimtheposition,butIdon’thavetheslightestideaifhewillacceptit.if→whether__名词性从句与语法填空eq\a\vs4\al()首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。判断从句中的连接词：(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/if；若句意完整，则用that；(2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词；(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词；另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether,because,asif等)的用法。名词性从句与短文改错首先分析句子结构，分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型；检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与which、which与what、if与whether；检查连接词是否漏掉；检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确；检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致；检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it是否缺失。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2017·北京卷)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhere__shewasheading.2．Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.3．(2016·江苏卷)Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.4．(2018·株洲二中月考)Withanoptimisticattitudeandastrongwill,wecanovercomewhateverdifficultieswemightmeetwithandachieveourgoals.5．(2018·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr.Whiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding,andthat’swhereIdon’tagree.6．(2018·江苏苏州期中)Itisreportedthatanewshoppingmallwillbebuiltinwhatwasfarmlandadecadeago.7．Howeverdarktheroadaheadis,alwayskeepyourheaduptotheskybecausethat’swhereyourdreamslie.8．Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.9．WhethertherearelivingcreaturesinouterspaceasthoseonEarthhasn’tbeenproveduntilnow.10．(2018·浙江杭州二中期中)Peoplearenoweagertofindouthowitisthatthelittleboysurvivedtheterribledisaster.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．(2018·广东广州期中)Thatisknowntousallisthatthe2020OlympicswilltakeplaceinTokyo.That→What2．(2018·山西康杰中学期中)Successpartlydependsonifyouhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.if→whether3．(2018·山西名校联考)Inalargebusycity,wedoeverythingasquicklyaspossible,especiallyeating.That’sbecausefastfoodissopopular.because→why4．Hispromisewhathewouldgiveawayhalfoftheyear’sincometothedisabledturnedoutalie.what→that5．I’lldoagoodjobinwhicheverIdo.I’llcontinuetotakeregularexercise.whichever→whatevereq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法填空(2018·湖北武汉调研)Sendinggiftsvariesgreatlyfromcountrytocountry.InAustralia,Canada,theUnitedStates1.____________Europeancountries,sendinggiftsisrarelyexpected.Whileseenasanicegesture,itismoreimportanttoavoid(give)highlypersonalgiftssuchasclothing.Whenvisitingthehomeofacolleaguefromoneofthese(country),itisnormallyappropriatetobringagifttothehostess.InAmerica,4.____________(expense)giftsaredefinitelyout.Agood(choose)istotakethedeservingpersontodinner,orto6.____________entertainmentorasportingevent.thecontrary,giftgivingisatraditionalcustominJapan.InJapanthepropergiftisthought(express)thegiver’struefriendship,gratitudeandrespectfar9.____________(well)thanwordscan.SoifyouplantovisitJapanortohaveanyJapanesevisityouhere,beprepared.Australiaisknownforitsfriendlinessandinformality.Somodestgifts,suchasadiary,apaperweight,oracoffeecupmight10.____________(present)toafriend.Atatradeshow,T-shirts,ties,baseballcaps,orapinmaybeappropriatesouvenirs.Anythingmorethanthesetypesofgiftscouldcauseembarrassment.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。1．and解析：考查连词。根据空前的“Australia,Canada,theUnitedStates”和空后的“Europeancountries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词and。2．giving解析：考查动名词。avoiddoing，意为“避免做某事”，故填giving。3．countries解析：考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知，可数名词country应当用复数形式。4．expensive解析：考查形容词。根据空处修饰后面的名词gifts，故用形容词形式。5．choice解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词A可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。6．an解析：考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”entertainment的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。7．On解析：考查固定搭配。onthecontrary为固定搭配，意为“与此相反”。8．toexpress解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊”。bethoughttodo，意为“被认为做了某事”，故用动词不定式。9．better解析：考查比较级。根据空后的than可知，该处用well的比较级。10．bepresented解析：考查被动语态。该句主语modestgifts和动词present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改错(2018·重庆教育联盟联考)Therearemanypeoplethinkthatwealthisbetterthanhealth.IusedtothinksountilonedayIhadreadastoryaboutHowardJoyce.HewasanEuropeanbillionairewhogoteverythinghe,inthelasttwentyyearsofhislife,hishealthbegantogetworseandheledamiserablylife.Althoughthebestdoctorscalledforhim,hecouldstillfindnorelief.Ihaverealizedthathealthisworthall