2022届高考英语二轮复习七选五阅读十四篇

2022年高考英语七选五阅读十四篇（难度中）

ThePsychologyofSpending

Haveyoueverstayedup"choppingyourhands"duringtheDoubleEleventhShoppingFestival?

DoespossessingthelatestiPhone12,designerpurseorlimitedsneakersreallybrightenyourday?

1

Dr.ThomasGilovich,psychologyprofessoratCornellUniversity,hasstudiedthetopicforover

20years.AccordingtoDr.Gilovich,"Webuythingstomakeushappy,andwesucceed,butonlyfor

awhile.Newthingsareexcitingtousinitially,butthenweadapttothem."_2:

Dr.Gilovichhasfoundthatoursatisfactionwithpossessionsfadesovertime.Yetourhappiness

overthingswe'veexperiencedincreases.

Whyexperiencesarethebetterinvestment?

1.3

An·ip,anadventureorahobbyetc.tendtobringthep缸ticipantstogetherandunitethemovera

sharedinterest.AccordingtoGilovich,"Weconsumeexperiencesdirectlywithotherpeople."Asa

result,theseexperiencestypicallycreateapositivelinkandgoodfeelingstowardtheotherpersonor

people.

2.Yourexperiencesbecomeapartofyouridentity.

Youmightbesomeonewholovestakingcookingclasses._1_Theywon'tknowyouas

someonewhoownsthelatestkitchenequipment.

3.Experiencesprovidelastingmemories.

Plannedexperiencesarefrequentlysomethingweexpect.ThenwhenthemomentaITives,ifwe

enjoythetimeinvolvedintheactivity,we'releftwithfondmemories.Thesememorieswilloften

lastalifetime.Evenourworstn·ips,onmanyoccasions,arelatercommittedtomemorywith

laughter.

MaterialismVSMeaningfulExperiences

~Whynotspendthemonthingsthatwillmakethegreatestdifferencetoourlives—

meaningfulexperiences?

A.Morethanlikely,you'llstrikeyourfriendsandfamilyasagreatcook

B.Mostofuspossesslimitedresources.

C.Theresearchshowedthatpeoplewhospentmoneyonexperiencesinsteadofpossessionswere

happier.

D.Activitiescanbondindividuals.

E.Hehasconcludedthatwearespendingourmoneyonthewrongthings.

F.Oldquestionsastheyseem,onepsychologistthinksthathemighthavetheanswer.

G.Inotherwords,oncethenovelty（新鲜感）ofournewestpurchasewearsoff,webeginloo灼ngfor

somethingelsetobuytomakeushappy.

Mostpeopleknowthatchocolateismadefromcocoaandthattheoriginsofchocolatecanbe

tracedbacktoCentralandSouthAmerica.1_buthowdidchocolategofrombeingthe

foodofthegodstobeingthefoodoflove?

2_Theyestablishedthefirstcocoaplantationandusedthecocoabeansasthemain

ingredientinadark,bitterdri咄thatwewouldcall"chocolate".TheMayasbelievedthatchocolate

hadmysticalproperties.3_Infact,cocoabeanswereusedasaformofcurrencythatwas

worthitsweightingold.

SpanishconquistadorHernandoCortezwasthefirstEuropeanexplorertorealizecoco's

commercialpossibilities.4_in1529,CortezreturnedSpainandintroduced

chocolate-asadrinkmixedwithsugar,vanilla,andcinnamon-toEuropeansociety.

Itcaughton,especiallywiththenob山ty.Asitspopularityspread,peoplefoundnewwaysto

makeandusechocolate.5_Whetheritisindelectabledessertsorcrunchycandy,people

allovertheworldarestillinlovewithchocolate.

A.Butcocoaalsohadcommercialvalue.

B.Butnotallthepeopleallovertheworldlovecocoa.

C.Forcenturies,thenativethereregardedcocoaasagiftfromthegods.

D.WhenhearrivedintheNewWorldin1519,hesoonestablishedhisowncocoaplantation.

E.AroundA.D.600,theMayaswerethemainaboriginalgroupinCentralAmerica.

F.Thesedays,chocolateisenjoyedasbothatastytreatandaromanticindulgence.

G.Doctorssaidcocoaplaysanactivepartinmedicine.

Adele'snewalbum,"30",isfmallyavailable.Lastmonth,hundredsof血llionsofusstreamed

itsfirstsingle,"EasyOnMe."Thissongarousesfeelingsnoteasilyputintowords,butwecan

probablyagreeitisasadsong.-1._Yetsadmusicdoespullusinandliftusup.

Let'sstartwithabiologicaltheory.Whenweexperiencereal-lifeloss,orempathize（体会）with

another'spain,certainhormonesarereleasedwithinus.--2__Theydosobymakingusfeel

calmedandsupported.FeelingAdele'spain,orrecallingourown,maycausesuchchemicalchanges

withinus.

Psychologically,akeyreasonweenjoysadsongsisthattheyprofoundlymoveus.Feeling

movedcancomefromussuddenlyfeelingclosertootherpeople.Indeed,whenwehavelistenedto

"30",wemayturntoreactionvideostoseehowothersfeel._l__Anditboostsourfeelingof

beingmovedandtriggersfeelingsofcomfortandbelonging.

1__Adele'ssongsallowustoviewthepleasureintermsofthemeaningshehelpsus

make.Adeletakeshardlifeexperiencesandmakessenseofthem.Thisiswhatmuchsadartdoes.It

takesthepainandsufferingoftheworldandgivesitmeaning.AsphilosopherFriedrichNietzsche

onceputit,someonewhohasawhytolivecanbearalmostanyhow.

Ultimately,welistentoAdele'ssongswhenwewanttorecall,reflect,orbelong.Theyletusfeel

hersadness,shareoursuffering,andconnectwithothers.Toallofus,Adele'ssongssay:~

A.Youarenotaloneinyourpain.

B.Musicspeakslouderthanwords.

C.Thesehelpustotacklelossandpain.

D.Wecanalsothinkatthespirituallevel.

E.Fewpeopleareawaresadmusicmakesusfeelgood.

F.Thisletsusshareanemotionalexperiencewithothers.

G.Thismaymakeusbetterprep釭edforwhenreallossstrikes.

四

Foralongtime,sportshavebeenviewedasawaytostayhealthyandinshape,buttheir

importancegoesmuchfurther.

Fromasocialstandpoint,sportsareapowerfultoolthatbringspeopletogetherandcreatesa

senseofcommunity._l_Asanit1ternationalstudent,playingpick-upbasketballatthegym

wasthefastestandeasiestwaytomakefriends.

Asastudent,Ihadverychallengingclassesandoccasionallyhadtodealwithbadhomeworkor

midtermgrades.IlearnedthatIamnotalwaysgoingtogettheresultsthatIwant,butnomatterwhat,

2

Ihavetopersevereandnotgiveup.

Inadditiontothat,exercisingisagreatwaytogetoutofthestressfulcollegelifethatisallabout

homework,presentations,andgroupprojects._J_IpersonallythinkthatIwouldgocrazy

withoutgoingtothegymatleasttht·eetimesaweek.

Thereasonmoststudentsdonotplaysportsisbecausetheyfeellazyaboutitanddon'thavethe

energyforit.--1Asamatteroffact,exercisepumpsmoreoxygenthroughyourbloodand

makesyourentiresystemmoreactive.

5

Besidesjustbeingfon,sportscanhelpyouperformbetterinschool,relaxmore

andworryless,dealwithsetbacks,workbetterwithothersandincreaseyourenergy.

A.Tosumup,playingcollegesportshassomeseriousbenefits.

B.Inshort,playingsportscanhelpstudentsbecomemoreenergetic.

C.Theyhelpedmegetonverywellwithmyteachersandclassmates.

D.Infact,playingsportshelpsstudentsrelaxandreducetheiranxiety.

E.SportsgavemeapositiveattitudewhereIseefallingasawaytoleru·n.

F.Theydevelopconnectionsthatbondtogetherpeoplefromallwalksoflife.

G.However,thebeliefthattheintenseexercisewillleaveyouexhaustediswrong.

五

Artisallaroundus.Itcanbefoundeverywhere,includingfancygalleries,people'slivingrooms,

andonthesidesofbuildings.So,whyisartimportant?

Itpromotesexpressionandcreativity.Ashumans,we'renaturally如wntoartasaformof

expressionandcommunication._l_It'sawayforthemtoexpressthemselvesbeforethey're

abletospeak.Infact,participationintheartsmayevenassistkidswithlanguage,motorskills,and

visuallearningdevelopment.

~-Whensomeoneappliesforajob,therearecertainskillstheyneedtohavelikedata

analysisorbookkeeping.However,manyemployersalsounderstandtheveryimportantneedforthe

skillswhicharehardtomeasureandoftendifficulttodefine.Someexamplesincludeaperson's

abilitytoadapttochange,thinkcreatively,orcollaboratewithteammembers.

Itprovideshistoricalcontext.~-Thisiswhypeoplededicatetheirlivestostudyingcave

art,Shakespeareanplays,andsomuchmore.Whenwetakethetimetodiveintoartcreatedinthe

past,wecanlearnaboutothergenerationsanderas.Wecanstudyarttofindoutwhatthosebeforeus

werefacingandhowtheyovercameit.~-

Intherapy（疗法）settings,artalsoprovidesanopportunityfordiggingdeeperandexpressing

emotionsthataredifficulttodiscuss.~-Inoneimportantstudy,childrenbetween6and12

wereaskedtodrawahouseasadisn·actionafterthinkingaboutsomethingupsetting.Thisgroupwas

abletoimprovetheirmoodwhencomparedwithchildrenwhowereinsn·uctedtodrawthenegative

eventorsimplycopyanotherdrawing.

A.Theseareitsmajorbenefits.

B.Childrenlovetodraw,sing,anddance.

C.Artandhuman怕storygohand-in-hand

D.Howdoesithaveanimpactonourlife?

E.Ithelpsallofusdevelopnecessarysoftskills

F.Itcanhelppeoplehandleboththeirpastandpresentproblems.

G.Similarly,futuregenerationswilllearnaboutourcurrenteventsbytheartweleavebehind.

_.__

/、

WhenKenwasinhighschool,hedidwellandhadastrongsenseofaccomplishment.However,

whenhewasincollege,hisgradeswerenotsooutstandingamongacademicallygiftedstudents

muchlikehimself,ifnotbetter.Oftenhefeelsdepressedandiswithdrawingfrompeopleand

activities.1

Theliteraturegenerallyhasfoundthatmanyofustendtoletourself-worthbecontingentupon

externalevents(suchasacademicsandphysicalattractiveness).___l_Asaresult,our

feelingsaboutourselvescanendupbeinginthehandsofothers.

Obviously,weallwanttoexperiencethingsthatmakeusfeelgood.Butwhenwehave

contingentself-worth,wemightengageinactivitiesthatmakeusfeelworthywhileavoiding

activitiesthatmakeusfeelunworthy.~Insteadofworkinghardtomeetourgoals,we'lltry

toavoidfailure.Andifwedofailoneday,wemightabandonourgoals,losemotivation,ormake

excusestohelpourselvesfeelbetter.

~Ifourself-worthiscontingentuponbeingsuccessfulatwork,wemightonlychoose

jobsthatareeasy.Thatwayweneverfailandensurethatwealwaysknowthatweareworthy.Or,

maybeweonlythinkwe'reworthyifweweighlessthan130pounds.Wemightundereatorengage

inunhealthyeatingpractices」usttomakesurethatwefeelgood.

Self-worthisanimportantpsychologicalconstructthataffectsnotonlyhowwethinkabout

ourselvesbutitalsohasanimpactonourpsychologicalhealthandfunctioning.So,giveuptheidea

ofseekingapprovalfromothers.~Doingsoremindsustobefullyawat·eofwhowe扛e.

A.Thatmayposepotentialdangers.

B.Unfortunately,heisnoexception.

C.Whenourself-worthdependsonthose,it'sunstable.

D.Let'scitesomeexamplestofi山therdemonstratethat.

E.Let'sdiveintothecausetolearnmoreaboutself-worth.

F.Actually,he'salwaysbeenlabeledas"otherpeople'schild".

G.Instead,learntobaseyourself-worthoninternalcontingencieslikevirtuesandfaiths.

七

Nomatterwhatprofessionoroccupationyouholdyouwillneedtoworkwithotherstomeet

yourgoals.Groupworkisagreatwaytoshowcaseyourownskillswhilegettinghelpfromyour

l

teammatesinareaswhereyoumightnotbeasstrong.

Clarifytheteamexpectationssoeveryoneisonthesamepage.-2_It'slikelythateach

teammatehasadifferentideaaboutwhat'sexpectedofthem,aswellaswhateveryoneelseneedsto

bedoing.It'sessentialthattheteamdiscusstheseexpectationsandagreeononeuniversallistof

expectationsthateveryonewillfollow.

3_Noonelikesateammatewhobarelycontributestotheproject.Takeonanequal

partofthework,andspeakupifyourealizeyouaren'tdoingyourfairshare.Notonlywillyour

groupmatesappreciateyourworkethic,itwillshowyoursupervisororinstructorthatyou'reagood

teamplayer.

Directyourconcerntowardtheproblem,notyourtea1runates.Don'taccuseorblameanyoneon

4

yourteamforcausingtheconflict,evenifyoubelievetheydid.Haveyourteamwork

throughconflict,usingittotheirbenefit.

Focusonthesuccessofthegroup,notyourpersonalsuccess.Whenyou'reonateam,

everyone'ssuccessdependsoneachmemberworkingtowardacommongoal.~Keep

yourfocusonyourteam'ssuccess,andyourownsuccesswillfollow.

A.Makesureyoudoanequalshareofthework.

B.Volunteertotakeonextraworkwhennecessary.

C.Treattheteam'saccomplishmentsasagroupsuccess.

D.Ourguidewillshowyouhowtoboostyourteamworkskills.

E.Statetheissueyou'rehaving,thenlistentowhateveryonehastosay.

F.Instead,keepaJlofyourcommentsfocusedontheissueandhowyourteamcansolveit.

G.Thiscanincludeexplainingtheexpectationsoraskingquestionsifyoufindthemuncle扛．

/\

Swap.Don'tShop!

Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn'tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.

Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources（资源）tomake,andbuyingloadsofnew

clothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenv订onrnent.Sowhattodowithall

thoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?

L__.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhavea

p扛tyallatthesametime.

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,

obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.

•Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.___1___,andtheremaynotbeenough

thingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

•___l___.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clothes

home.

•Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.___±___.Placeafewmirrors

aroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrules

oftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalways

lookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.

•Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go",orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever_j_____.And

don'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!

A.Lesspeoplethanthat

B.Holdaclothingswap

C.Iftwopeoplearecompeting

D.Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout

E.Donatewhateverclothesareleftover

F.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots

G.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition

九

Anincreasingnumberofpeoplewanttodotheirparttosavetheplanetduetotheworsening

problemscausedbyglobalwarming._l_However,youcandoseveralimmediatethingsto

beonthewaytolivinggreen.

Recyclingisthetopwaytostartandisn'thardtodotoday.-2_Eventhoughrecycling

binsaren'thardtofmd,theyseemtobeenjoyingthatway.Itsimplytakesafewminutestowashthe

cansandbottlesbeforeyouplacethemintotherecyclingbin.

Infact,mostpeoplereadtheirdailynewspaperandthrowitinthegarbagewhentheyaredone

withit.But,therearemanyotherusesyoucanmakeofyournewsprintbesidesreadingit.

~Ifyou'retiredofseeingsmallmarksonyourwindowafteryoucleanthemwithtowels,

tryoldnewspapers.

Onemorethingforyoutolivegreenistobeginwalkingabitmore.Lotsofpeopleroutinely

driveshortdistancesmerelytobuystuffattheirlocalmarket.Ifyoujustwalktothestore,notonly

couldittakelesstime,becauseyouwon'thavetolocateaparkinglot,butyou'llhelptosaveour

planetbynotburningthosefuels._1

Whenpeoplemakeuptheirmindtotrygreenliving,it'seasytomakeafewlifestyle

adjustmentsthatwillbenefitourenvironment.~Youonlyhavetolookforit.

A.Iscleaningwindowswithtowelsmoreconvenient?

B.Haveyoutriedcleaningwindowsusingnewspapers?

C.Also,takethechancetojoininacarpoolifpossible.

D.Unfortunately,peopleassumegoinggreenisastruggle.

E.Yetmanypeoplestillthrowglassproductseverywhere.

F.Youcanhaveaccesstoonlineinformationonalow-carbonlife.

G.Youcansharetheideasongreenlivingwithyouronlinefriends.

十

Whyisitthatwealwaysseemtopicktheslowestlineinasupermarketorstore?Basically,the

reasonissimple:thechancesareagainstus.Toexplain,imaginethatyouareinastorewherethere

arethreelines._l_Iftherearemorelines,yourchancesofgettingintothespeediestqueue

areevenless.

Interestingly,somepeoplehavecomeupwiththeoriesandformulastocalculatethiskindof

thing._2-ApioneeringqueuingtheoristwasanengineernamedErlang.Hewantedtofigure

outthebestnumberoftelephoneoperatorstohaveatthetelephoneexchangeintheearlyl900s.

Takingintoconsiderationtheaveragenumberofphonecallsinanhourandtheaveragecalllength,

Erlangcameupwithformulastodeterminethebestnumberofoperatorsthatshouldbeondutyat

anygiventime._}_Ontopofthat,hisworkestablishedthebasisforqueuingtheory,which

becameanewbranchofmathematics.

Thetheoriesf订stmventedbyErlangarestillusedtodaymavarietyofcommercialsettings,

includingcallcentersandtrafficengineering.~Whilethere釭emai1yoptionsavailable

regardingliningup,itappearsthatasnaking-lineapproach—wherepeoplestandinasinglelineand

waitforthenextavailableclerk—isthemostefficient.~Researchshowsthatthisoptionis

aboutthreetimesfasterthanusingseparatelines,whichistheapproachthatismostcommonlyused

butnotthatefficientforanyoneinarush.

A.Thisisthemethodthatmostbanksuse.

B.Peoplewhodothistypeofresearcharegenerallyknownasqueuingtheorists.

C.Hisformulawassoonacceptedbytelephonecompanies,includingtheBritishPost.

D.Youonlyhaveaone-in-threechanceofpickingthequickestline,somostlikelyyou'llbewrong.

E.Theresearchheconductedevenhelpsmodernbusinessesprovidesatisfactoryservicestothe

public.

F.Businessesknowjustthetricksfordistractingtheircustomersfromthelonglinesthey'rewaiting

m.

G.Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckoutlinestogetallcustomersthrough

withoutdelay.

十一

Inanysurveyofself-mademillionaires,you'relikelytonoticethekeytotheirsuccessisthat

theyneverstoplearning.Sohowdoesonebuildalifelonglearningmindset?

!_Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve.Expandyourhorizons.

Challengeyourselftofindabetterway.Youwillfindawayru.·oundbarriers!

Turnmistakesintoopportunities.Thepracticeoflearningfrommistakesisoneofthebest

lifelonglearningskillsanyonecanmaster.~Theyshowusbetterwaytothinkandwork.

Theyalsoprovideinsightsintohiddenknowledgeandawareness.

Adoptagrowthmindset.Amindsetthatisinlinewithhowourbrainsreallyworksreallyhelps.

Individualswithafixedmindsetbelievetheirintelligenceandta.tentsarefixed.~Peoplewith

agrowthmindsetbelievetheycanimprovethemselvesthroughpractice.

Establishgoals.Whatdoyouwanttoleai·n?Whendoyouwanttolearnit?Everyye釭setgoals

foryourselfons灼llsandknowledgeyouwanttoacquire.-1_Besides,Ialwayshavethedaily

goaloflearningsomethingnewwhetherthroughreadingorbytalkingtootherpeople.

Avoidstress.Asstressincreases,thebodyreleaseschemicalstocauseafearresponse.This

createsanenv订onmentinwhichapersonsimplycan'tfocusorwork,letalonelearn.Keeplife

relaxedandlearningwillfollow.~

Therearemanyothertipsforsuccessfullycreatingalearningplan,butthosedon'thavea

fightingchanceifyourmindsetispassive.

A.Trynewthings.

B.Challengeconventionalthinking.

C.Thismeanshavingtheendclearlyinmind.

D.Thereismuchtolearnfrommakingmistakes.

E.Iusuallysetthreebiglearninggoalseachyear.

F.Theydon'tthinktheycanimprovewithefforts.

G.Thisway,successwillhappenmuchmorenaturally.

十二

There'snosuchthingasbeingborn"goodatlanguages".However,therearepeoplewholearn

languageswell,butthathasnothingtodowiththembeingnaturallygoodatit.__J

Goodlanguagelearnersareactivelyinvolvedintheirlearningprocess.Theydonotexpect

tolearnEnglishonlybysittingintheclassroom.--2._Theyareorganizedandactive.Theylook

forcreativewaysbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroomtotryoutwhattheyhavelearned.

Goodlanguagelearnersknowsthatlanguageisusedtocommunicate.Theypayattentionto

meaning.Theyhavegoodtechniquestopracticelistening,speaking,readingandwriting.Theypush

themselvestospeakandtrytobecomefluent.~

:!-_ItmaynotbeeasyatfirstbutthinkinginEnglishisworthcultivatingasavitalskill

thatwillimproveall釭easofyourlanguagelearning.TohelpyouthinkinEnglish,carryona

dialoguewithyourselfinEnglishwhenwalkingalong,sittingonabus,ort啦ngabreakfromother

studies.UseEnglishwheneverandwhereveryoucan.

Goodlanguagelearnershavealong-termdevotiontolanguagelearning.Theyworkthrough

anyfeelingsoffrustrationorlackofconfidence.Theymeabletodealwiththechallengesoflem·ning

anewlanguage.~Instead,remindthemselveshowimpo1tantitistokeepgoing.

A.Goodlanguagelearnerstrytothinkinthelanguage.

B.Goodlanguagelearnerstrytofigureouthowthelanguageworks.

C.Theydonotrelyontheteacherforallthelearning.

D.Theylookforopportunitiestotalkwithnativespeakers.

E.Theydon'tletthemselvesgiveup.

F.Theyclearlyknowtheirownsu·engthsandweaknesses.

G.Ithastodowiththeirattitudeandthewaytheylearn.

十三

Howtostaysafewhenanearthquakehappens

Whatshouldyoudowhenanearthquakecomesaboutunexpectedly?Here釭esometipsforyou.

•Whenwalkingoutside

l_Signs,brokenwindows,tools,buildingmaterialsandsoon釭eallprobablycomedown

toyou什omoverhead.Protectyourheadwithyourbagorcoatandkeepatadistancefromtall

buildings.Stonewallsandpillarscanalsofalldownandareprobablydangerous.

•Whendrivingacar

Firmlyholdthesteelingwheel（方向盘），graduallyreducespeed,parkyourcaronthesideof

theroad,andstoptheengine.__2-Ifyouneedtoevacuate（撤出），leaveyourkeys,keepthe

doorunlocked,andwalkawaywithyourcardocumentsandvaluables.

•Whenundergroundorinasubway

Theshakingyoufeelwhenyoumeundergroundisabouthalfofwhatyouwouldexperience

overground._}_Calmlyevacuate,followinginstructionsfromshopclerksandsubwaystaff.

•Wheninahigh-risebuilding

±__Immediatelyleavetheelevator.Ifyougettrappedintheelevator,usethefixed

telephonetogetintouchwithsomeoneoutsideandwaitforrescue.Whenyouevacuatefrom

buildings,neveruseelevators,listentoannouncementsandusethestairstoleavethebuilding.

•Whenne