人教版本高中英语必修三Unit3Grammar

NounClauses指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。

1.Theworld

lovesnature.2.Knowledgeis

power.3.We

Chinese

are

peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语

{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{宾语

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语

{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(NounClauses)名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句

nounclause主语从句subjectclause

宾语从句objectclause

表语从句predicativeclause

同位语从句appositiveclause名词性从句中的连接词有:

连词:

that/whether/asif(though)连接代词:

what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever连接副词:

where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→2.Hehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结:当从句原来是陈述句时,变成名词性从句用that引导。句型转换3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结:当从句原来是一般疑问句时,变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结:当从句原来是特殊疑问句时,变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。Whatweneedismoretime.WhatweneedaremoreEnglishdictionaries.总结:名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外,一般情况下,名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.

主语谓语宾语(简单句)主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语

从句谓语

主句(复合句)一、ObjectClauses宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句1.连词(引导词)1)当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,

因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省；当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.2)当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成:“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknow

if/whether

hergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’ssee

if/whether

wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedme

if/whether

shecouldborrowthesebooks.whether与if的辨用表“是否”时,在下列情况下用whether。

a.主语从句

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

e.介词后的宾语从句

f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)

g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifwhether和if都可以引导宾语从句。a.当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.

e.g.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whether和if的使用区别练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/

whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushow

oftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushow

longthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhow

faritistothecinema.Pleasetellushow

manystudentsthereareinyourschool?Pleasetellushow

soonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushow

oldhisbrotheris?2.时态1)如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时,现在完成时)从句的时态可根据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2)如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时，过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3)当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)3.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)Exercise

wrotehastakenhadbeen4.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)5.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.

will

begoeswereplayinghavereturned3.语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.

Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.

1)could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。4.注意事项Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2)如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,

连词用that。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3)否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’t

thinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。4)It常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作形式宾语：it不仅可以作形式主语,还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.5)连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：CDoyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.hecomes,willcomewillhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome

主句从句一般将来时态一般现在时态祈使句含有情态动词Idon’tknowwhenhe_________(come).Ican’twaithereanymore.Whenhe_____(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?will

comecomes1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it’ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon’tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeDAB单项选择4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationCD6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisCBD9.Couldyoutellmehowlong________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit______tomorrow,he_____fishing.A.willrain,won’tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won’tgoD.rain,willgo

BC表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。二、PredicativeClauses表语从句连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词:when/where/why/how/because

Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedas

ifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.注意：在表语从句中,表“是否”时,只能用“whether”

不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…5.Thereasonisbecause/why…that….名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中,常用表示事实,真理的名词,如:fact,truth

或表示看法,观点的名词,如:idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.The

truthisthatshewastheverypersonwhoinformedagainstherhusband.注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同。但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省。

2.if不能引导表语从句。1.That’s____thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis____heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis____theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger____shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when

B

CD

A

Exercise

1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.三、SubjectClause主语从句考点一:主语从句后置!

为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--由连词whether和if,连接代词what，who，which和连接副词when，where，why，how等引导,也常常后置。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.It的用法:(形式主语)It’spossible/important/necessary/clear…that...……很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……It’ssaid/reported…that...据说/据报道……It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已经通知/宣布……Itseems/appears/happens...that…显然、明显、碰巧……It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying...(俗话说)考点二注意:主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定。Whatheneedsisthatbook.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如：主语、宾语、表语。而that则不然，它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)What

yousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.what与that引导主语从句

由that引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2.______________________isknowntoall.

(地球是圆的)3._________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)that无意义,后接一个完整的句子。that不可省。ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance注意：Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.Whathesaysanddoesdoesn’tconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdon’tagree.1.“if”不能引导主语从句,应由“whether”引导。2.主语从句的“that”一般不能省。3.“what”引导主语从句时,谓语动词:1)常与其后的名词作表语一致

2)根据句子的语境而定。____hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3.____isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_____theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingtoA

B

C

单项选择4.It’sknowntousall____aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink____noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhaveB

B

A

7.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because8.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What/whyB.That/whatC.What/becauseD.Why/thatBA9.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis____heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason10.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_____hiswork.A.continuesB.continueC.continuedD.hadcontinuedBB11._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever12.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.thatB.howC.whereD.whatDA13.–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere14.--Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?--Oh,that’s____.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited

AA15.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountryma