2023年真题一大学英语四级考试试题

20２３年1２月大学英语四级考试试题ＰarｔⅠWritiｎｇ(30ｍinuｔes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡１上。Directionｓ：Ｆortｈｉsｐart,ｙouaｒｅallowed3０miｎuｔestowritｅａshorｔeｓsaｙonthetopｉcof

CｒeatｉngaGrｅｅnCampuｓ．Ｙoushouｌdwriｔeａｔleast1２0woｒdsfoｌｌowｉｎgｔｈｅouｔlineｇiveｎbeｌｏw:建设绿色校园很重要绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……为了建设绿色校园,我们应当……CrｅatｉnｇａGrｅｅnＣampusＰartⅡReadingＣoｍｐrｅｈensｉoｎ(SkimmingandＳcａnｎing)(15minuteｓ)Ｄirectｉｏns：Iｎthispart,yｏuｗillhａve15minuｔｅsｔoｇooｖertheｐａssageqｕiｃkｌyandaｎｓwerｔhequestｉｏnsｏnAnswerSheet1.Forｑuestionｓ1-7,ｃhｏｏｓｅthebesｔanswerfromthefｏｕrｃhｏｉcesｍａｒkeｄA),B),C)andD).Forquｅｓｔiｏn8-１0,coｍｐlｅteｔhesentenceswiththeinｆormａtiｏｎgiｖenｉnthepａssaｇｅ.Coｌlｅｇestakiｎgaｎotｈeｒlｏoｋａtvaｌｕeｏfmeｒit-ｂaｓedaｉdGoodgraｄeｓandｈｉｇhｔeｓｔssｃoｒｅsｓtiｌlmatteｒ—alｏｔ—tｏｍanｙcolｌegesａｓtheyawarｄfiｎanciａlaｉｄ.Butwithlow-iｎcomeｓｔuｄｅntspｒojｅctedｔomａｋeuｐａｎeｖｅｒ-ｌarｇershaｒｅofthecollｅge-bｏunｄpopulaｔｉonincominｇｙｅａrｓ，somｅschoolsarｅrｅ-exaｍｉningwhetheｒtｈataid，tｙpｉcalｌyknｏwnaｓ“meritaｉd”,ｉstｈeｍｏsｔefｆectｉveuseofpreｃiousinｓｔｉtutｉｏnalｄoｌｌars.GｅorgｅＷａｓhingｔonUnivｅrsityinWashingｔon，D.C.,fｏreｘample,saidlastweekthatitwｏuldcｕttheｖalueofitｓａveragemeｒｉtschoｌａrshipｓbyaｂoｕtｏnｅ-thｉrdａｎdrｅducetheｎumbeｒoｆreｃipiｅnts(接受者）,ｐouringthｅsavings,abｏut$2.5million，ｉntｏnｅｅd-baｓedａｉｄ.AｌlｅgheｎyCollegeｉｎMeaｄville，Nｏw,HaｍiｌｔonCollｅgeinCｌiｎton，N.Y.，sａｙsitwｉllｐｈaseｏutmｅｒitscｈolａrshipsａｌｔｏgetｈer.Notallｃoｌlｅgｅｓoffermeriｔaiｄ;geｎeｒallｙ，thｅmoreselｅcｔｉｖeａscｈool,tｈelesｓliｋeｌｙitistoｄoso．HarvaｒｄaｎdPｒinceｔoｎ,forexａmplｅ，ｏｆfeｒgeneｒouｓneｅd-ｂasｅdpacｋages,butmanyfamiｌieｓｗhodon’tmｅeｔneｅdeｌigibility（资格）havebｅenwillinｇｔｏpaywhａtevertheｙmｕｓtfｏrabig－ｎameｓchool.Forsｍaｌlｒｅgionalｃolleｇｅsｔhatｓtｒugｇleｊｕsttofillseats,meritaiｄcａnbｅaniｍｐortantrｅveｎｕe－bｕiｌderbｅcａusemａnyreｃipｉeｎtsｓtiｌｌpayeｎougｈtｕitioｎdollarsoｖｅrandabovetheschｏlaｒshipaｍounttoｋｅepｔhｅinstitutionruｎning.Butfoｒrankiｎgs-ｃoｎｓcｉoussｃhoolｓinbｅtweeｎ,ｍeｒｉtaidｈaｓsｅrveｄpｒｉmarilｙａｓatoｏltorｅｃrｕittopｓtuｄentｓａndtoimprovetheiracaｄemicprofitｓ．“Tｈeｙ’retｒyingtobuｙｓtudｅnts，”ｓaｙsＳkidｍorｅStudiessｈｏwmeritaiｄalsoｔenｄｓｔoｂeｎefitdｉsproportiｏｎatelystuｄentswhｏcｏuｌｄaｆｆｏｒdｔoeｎrollwithｏｕtiｔ.“Aｓweｌooktothefｕturｅ,weseｅamｏreprｅssｉngneｅdtｏinｖｅstinneed－baseｄａｉd,”saｙsＭonｉｃaInzer,ｄeａｎｏｆａdmisｓionaｎdfｉnancialaiｄatHamilton,wｈｉchhasoffeｒeｄmｅrｉtsｃholarshｉpｓｆｏr１0yeａｒs.Ｄｕriｎｇthattime，itroseｉnUSNｅｗs&ＷoｒldReporｔ’ｓｒankingofthebeｓtliberalａrtｓcolleges,frｏm25ｔo17.Meｒitaid,whichbenｅfitｅdaboｕt75studentsayｅar,oｒａbout４%ofｉtｓstuｄｅntｂodｙ，atａｃostofabout＄1milｌｉonayear,“seｒvedｕｓｗell,”Ｉｎzersａys，but“tobeｄｉsｃoｕnｔingthepｒiｃeforfamiｌｉeｓｔhatdoｎ’tｎeedfinancialaｉｄdoesn’tfeｅlｒiｇｈｔanｙmoｒe.”Need-bａｓedaiｄｒｅｍａinsbyfarthelargｅｓtshareｏfallｓtudentａｉd,whｉcｈincludeｓsｔａtｅ，fｅdeｒalandｉnｓtituｔｉonalｇrａnts.Ｂｕtmeriｔaid，ｏfferedprｉmaｒiｌybyschoolsａndstaｔeｓ，isgrｏwingfａster,ｂｏｔｈovｅｒａlｌandａttheinｓtitｕtｉonallｅｖｅl.Beｔｗｅen1995-9６anｄ2０２3-04，insｔitutiｏnalmeritaiｄａloneiｎｃreasｅｄ212%,ｃompaｒedwｉtｈ４7%fornｅeｄ－basedgｒants.Aｔleast15statesalsoｏfｆｅｒmeriｔａid,typicallyinabidtｏenrolｌtoｐｓtudｅntsiｎｔhestate’spuｂｌicinsｔituｔioｎs.Ｂutｉnrecentyｅars，aｇrowｉｎgcｈｏrｕs(异口同声）ofcrｉticsｈａｓbeｇunprｅssuｒingsｃhooｌstｏdｒoptｈepractｉce.ＲeceｎtdeｃisiｏnsｂyHamiｌtoｎａｎdｏｔhersmaｙbｅ“asiｇｎｔhaｔｐeoplｅａreｓtartingｔorealizethatｔhｅre’sthｉｓdesｔructiｖｅcｏmpetitioｎgoingｏn,”saｙsBａum,co-autｈorofareceｎｔCollegeＲepｏrtthaｔraisesconcerｎsabouｔｔhｅroleofinｓtituｔiｏｎalaidnoｔｂasedonneed.ＤaviｄＬaｉｒd,pｒｅsiｄentｏftheＭｉnnesotaPｒivaｔeColleｇｅCouncil,sayｓｍaｎyofhiｓschoｏlｓｗoｕlｄliｋetoreducetｈeirmerｉtａiｄbutｆeartｈatｉndoingｓo,tｈｅｙwouｌdlｏｓetｏpstudｅｎｔstoｔheircoｍｐｅtiｔoｒs．“Nooｎｅｃaｎtakｅonｅ-ｓidｅdａcｔiｏn,”ｓａysLaird,ｗhoisexploringwhetherｔoｓeekanexｅmptioｎ(豁免)froｍfedeｒalantｉ－ｔｒusｔｌawｓｓomemｂercollegesｃanｄisｃｕsshｏwｔｈｅyｃouｌdjointlｙreducemeritaｉｄ,“Thiｓｉsamerry-ｇo-ｒｏｕｎdthat’ｓgoinｇverｙfast，aｎdnoｎeofthｅｉnｓtituｔionsbeｌievetheycanｓuｓｔaｉntheｒiskｓofｔｒyinｇtobreakａwaybytheｍselves．”Aｃomｐliｃatingfａcｔoriｓthａtｍerｉtａidｈaｓｂeｃomesoｐopulaｒwｉｔhmiddle－incomefａmiｌies,whｏdon’ｔquaｌifyｆoｒneｅd-basedａｉd,thatmanyｈaveｃomｅtodeｐeｎdoｎiｔ.Ａnd,aｓtｕitｉonｓconｔiｎuetoincreａse,tｈｅliｎｅbetweeｎｍeｒitandneedbluｒs.Thａｔ’sｏnｅreａsonAllegｈenｙ“Ｗestｉlｌbｅliｅｖｅｉnrｅwardｉngsｕｐerioraｃhiｅｖｅmeｎtsandkｎowｔhaｔｔｈｅseｔopｓtudｅnｔstrulyｖaｌuetｈescholaｒship,”ｓａysＳｃｏttFrｉｅdｈoff,Ａllegｈeny’svicepreｓｉdｅｎｔforenｒolｌmenｔ.EmoryUniversiｔyinAtlanta,whｉchboastsa$４.７bilｌｉonｅｎdowment（捐赠）,ｍeａnwhile,ｉsｔakinganotｈeｒａpproach.Tｈisｙｅar，itanｎounceditwouldeｌiminatelｏansfoｒneedｙｓｔuｄentsａｎdcapｔhemformｉddle-iｎcomｅfａmiｌieｓ．Ａｔthesａmeｔiｍe，itwｏｕｌdexｐandiｔs28-year-oldｍeritproｇrａm.“Yeah,we’repｌayiｎｇtｈemeｒitgame,”acknｏwｌedgｅsＴoｍLanｃasｔer,aｓsociaｔedeanfｏrundergraduateedｕｃaｔｉon.Buｔithaｓitsｓtrｏnｇpoｉnｔ，too,heｓａys.“Ｔｈefactｏfthemaｔtｅrｉｓ,it’snotjustaｂｏuｔｔheloweｓｔ-incomｅpeopｌe.Iｔ’sｔheavｅragｅAmeriｃａｎmｉｄdle－ｃｌaｓｓｆａｍilywｈo’sｂeｉnｇprｉcedoｕｔofthemarｋet．”＊Ａfewworｄsａbｏutmerit-basedaｉd:Merit－ｂａsｅdaidｉsaidｏｆferｅdｔostudｅnｔｓwhoachｉeveeｘcelleｎceinagiｖenareａ,andisｇeneｒallｙkｎownasacademic，aｔｈletiｃａndaｒtisticmｅｒitscholａrsｈｉps.Acａdemiｃｍeｒiｔscｈｏｌarshｉｐsarebasedonｓtｕdents’graｄｅｓ,ＧPAaｎdoverallacａｄｅmicｐerformａncedurｉnｇhｉghｓｃｈool.Theｙａretypicaｌｌｙmeanｔｆorsｔudentsgoｉnｇstrａighｔｔｏcolｌegerightaｆｔerｈighschool.Ｈowevｅｒ,theｒeａreschｏlaｒshiｐｓｆoｒcurｒeｎtcollegestｕdeｎｔｓwｉｔhexceptionalgradesaｓｗeｌl.Tｈesｅmｅrｉtschoｌaｒshｉpsusuallyhｅlｐｓtｕdentｓpayｔuiｔionbｉllｓ，andtheycａｎｂerｅｎｅweｄeachyearasｌoｎgastｈｅreciｐientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecaｓｅｓ,ｓtudentsmayｎeedtoberｅcommeｎｄｅdｂytｈｅｉrsｃｈooｌｏｒateaｃｈerａspartｏｆth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B)ｒevisingtｈeiｒfｉnanciａlaidpolｉcieｓＣ)increasingtheａｍoｕntofｆinａncialａｉd Ｄ）chａngｉnｇtｈeiｒaｄmissｉoｎｐrｏcessesWhaｔdiｄAlleghenyCollegeｉnMｅadvilledothreeyearsago?A)Ittriedtｏimpｌemｅntanoｖelｆinaｎｃｉａlaidprogram.ﻩB)Itaddｅd$2．５mｉlｌiontoiｔsneｅd-basedaiｄprｏgram．C)Itｐhasedｏutitsmｅriｔ-ｂasedscｈolarshipsaltogeｔhｅr.Ｄ）Itcｕｔsitsmeｒｉt-basｅdａidｔoｈelpｔhｅneedｙstudｅnｔｓ.Ｔhｅchiefpurposｅofrankings-coｎsciｏuscollegesinofｆerｉngｍeriｔaidｉstｏ____＿_.A)improveｔeacｈingquａｌｉty Ｂ)bｏｏstｔｈeirenｒollｍents ﻩＣ）attrａctｇoｏdstｕdentｓ ﻩﻩD）ｉncrｅaｓｅｔhｅirｒevenuesＭｏnｉcaInzer,deａnofadｍissionandfinancｉalaidａtHａmｉlton,beｌieves_＿_＿＿_．A)itdoesｎ’tpaｙtｏspｅnd$1ｍiｌlionayｅarｔoraisｅiｔｓranｋingﻩﻩB)itgiveｓsｔuｄenｔsmｏtｉvatiｏnｔoaｗａrdacａdemｉcaｃhiｅvementsＣ)ｉt’ｓillogicaltoｕｓesｏmucｈmｏｎeyononｌy4%ｏfitssｔｕｄｅｎtsﻩ D)it’snotｒighttogｉvｅaidtoｔhosewhocaｎaffoｒdｔｈｅｔuiｔｉonInｒecentyeaｒs,ｍerit-ｂasedaidhasｉncreasｅｄmuchfasterthanneed-baｓｅdａiddｕｅto＿＿____.A）moregovernmenｔfunｄinｇtoｃollｅges B)fiｅｒｃecompetｉtionamonginstｉtｕtionsC)theiｎcｒeasinｇnｕmbeｒoftopstuｄents D)ｓchｏols’improvｅｄfｉnancｉalsitｕationsﻩWｈａtisｔheaｔtitudeofmanyｐrivａｔecolｌegeｓtoｗardmｅritａid,aｃcoｒdingｔoＤａviｄＬａird？A)Thｅｙwoｕldlｉkｅｔoseeitreduced.ﻩ B）Theｙregａrｄｉtａｓａneceｓsaｒyｅｖｉl.Ｃ)Ｔheｙthinkitdｏesmorｅharmｔhaｎgoｏd.ﻩD）Theyconsｉdｅritｕｎfairtomiｄｄle-clａｓsfａmiliｅｓ．Ｗｈydｏｅsn’ｔAlｌｅｇｈenｙA）Raisingtuitionsｈavｅmadecollegeunafforｄabｌｅｆormidｄｌe-classfａｍilies．ﻩﻩ B)Wiｔhrisｉｎgincｏmeｓ,fewerstｕdｅntsａreaｐpｌｙｉngｆorｎｅed-basedaid.Ｃ)Manｙstｕｄｅntｓｆrｏmmｉddle－incoｍeｆamｉliｅshaveｃometoｒｅlyｏnit. ﻩD)Risingｉncomeshavedisqualifiｅｄmanｙsｔudentsforｎeed-basｅdaiｄ.Annualrenｅｗalofaｃademicmｅｒitscholarshipsｄependsoｎwhetｈeｒtherecipieｎtsreｍａｉn______.Applicantsforaｔｈleticmeritschｏlarsｈipsnｅedarｅcommｅｎdatｉonｆromaｃoachｏrarefereeｗho＿___＿_thｅirｅxｃeptionalatｈlｅｔiｃperｆoｒｍance.Applicaｎtsfoｒaｒtｉｓｔiｃｍerｉｔschｏlａrshipsmｕstpｒｏduceevidenｃｅtoshowthｅｉr____＿＿inａpaｒｔiculａｒartisticｆielｄ.PａrtⅢListeningCｏmpreｈeｎsion(35ｍｉnutes)SeｃtionＡDiｒeｃtions:Iｎtｈｉssectioｎ,youwillhear8shoｒtcｏｎｖersaｔionｓａnd2lonｇconversａtｉoｎs．Ａttｈeendofeaｃhconｖｅrsaｔion,oneormoｒequeｓtionswilｌｂｅaｓkeｄａboutｗｈatｗaｓsaid．Ｂotｈtｈｅconvｅrｓａtionandthｅquestiｏｎsｗillbesｐoｋenｏnｌyonce.Afteｒｅachqｕeｓｔｉonｔheｒeｗillbｅａpausｅ.Duｒｉngthepause,ｙoumustreaｄｔhefｏurchoicesmａｒkedA）,Ｂ),C）andD),aｎｄdecidewhichthebｅstansweris.ＴhenmａｒktｈｅcorｒespondingletterｏnAnｓwｅｒsheet２ｗithasingleｌineｔhroughｔhｅcｅntre．Qｕesｔiｏnｓ11to１8arｅbaseｄoｎtheconveｒsaｔionyouhａvejｕsｔheａrd．A)Getｓomesmallchange.ﻩﻩ Ｂ)Findashopｐingcenｔｅｒ.C)Cashacｈeｃkａtabanｋ．ﻩ ﻩﻩD)Fｉnｄapａrkinｇmeter.Ａ)Shoｐpiｎｇｗithhiｓsoｎ.ﻩﻩ B)Bｕyingagifｔfｏrachiｌd.Ｃ)Promotinｇanｅｗproducｔ.ﻩﻩﻩD）Ｂａrgainingwitｈasalesgiｒｌ.Ａ)Tａkingphoｔogｒapｈｓ. B)Enｈａncingiｍagｅs．C)Menｄingcameras.ﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩD）Ｐaintingpicｔuｒes.A)HeｍovedtoBaltimorewhｅnhewａsyouｎg. B）Hecaｎpｒｏvideｌittlｅuｓeｆulｉnｆorｍaｔiｏｎ．Ｃ)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaｌtiｍore.ﻩD）Hｅwilｌasksｏmeoneelｓetohｅlpｔheｗomaｎ.A)Heisraｔherdisａppｏinted．ﻩ ﻩB）Ｈeishighｌｙaｍbitiouｓ.Ｃ)Heｃan’ｔfaceuptothesiｔuation ﻩﻩD）Heｋnｏwｓhiｓｏwnｌimｉtation.Ａ)Sｈemusthavｅpaiｄalotfｏrｇym.B)Sheiｓknowntohaｖｅaｔerrｉficｆｉguｒe.Ｃ)Ｈergyｍexｅrcisehasyielｄedgoｏdresｕltｓ.D)Heｒeｆforttｏkｅｅｐfitｉsreallyｐraisｅworthｙ．A)Ｆemalestuｄeｎtsareunfｉtforstudyinｇｐhysｉcs.ﻩ Ｂ)Hecanｓｅrvｅastheｗoman’ｓｔutoｒ.C)Pｈyｓicsiｓａnimpoｒtａnｔｃouｒseatｓchool．ﻩ D)Thepｒofesｓor’ssuggesｔioｎｉsconｓtructive.Ａ)Inｄiffｅrent. B)Dｏuｂtfuｌ.ﻩ C)Pｌeaｓed．ﻩ Ｄ）Surprised.Questions19tｏ22aｒeｂaseｄonｔheconversaｔionｙoｕhａvejuｓthｅard.A)Ｈｅｐｒｅferｓtheｓｍａlｌerevenｉｎgclasses. B）Hehａsｓignedupforadaycouｒse.C)Heｈａstoｗorkｄurｉngtｈedaｙ． D)Hｅfｉnｄstheeveniｎgcoursecheａper.A）Learnａｃomputｅｒlａnｇuage. ﻩﻩB)Leａrndatａproｃesｓiｎg.C)Bｕysｏmｅｃompuｔersofｔｗaｒｅ. ﻩＤ）Bｕyaｆewcoｕｒsebｏokｓ．A）Ｔｈurｓdayeveｎｉｎg，frｏm7：０0to9:4５． B）FromSepｔembeｒ1ｔoNeｗYear’sｅve．Ｃ)EvｅryMonｄａy，laｓtinｇfor12weｅks.ﻩﻩＤ)Threeｈouｒｓaweek，45ｈoursiｎtotal.A）Ｗｈattobringforreｇｉｓtraｔｉon.ﻩﻩﻩB)Ｗheｒetoaｔtendtheclaｓs.C)ＨｏwhｅcanｇettｏFｒoｓtHaｌl． ﻩ Ｄ)Wｈｅthｅrhecaｎuseａｃheｃk.Ｑｕestions23tｏ２5arebasedonｔｈecｏnveｒsaｔｉoｎyouhａveｊustheaｒd.Ａ）Atraiｎｉngcｏach. ﻩ ﻩﻩB)Atradingadviser.C)Apｒoｆessｉｏｎａlｍａnager. ﻩ D)Afinanｃialtｒadｅｒ.A）Ｈｅcaｎsaveonlｉviｎgexｐeｎses. ﻩB)Hecoｎsidersｃookingｃreａtiｖe．Ｃ)Ｈecanｅnjoyhｅaltｈieｒｆoｏｄ. ﻩ Ｄ)Hethinkstake-awａyｉｓtasｔelｅsｓ．Ａ)Itｉssｏmｅthinｇiｎeviｔaｂlｅ． ﻩB）Ｉｔｉsｆrustｒatingsｏmｅtｉmes. ﻩﻩC）Iｔｔakeｓpａtienｃｅtomａｎａｇｅ. D)Itcａnbeａｇoodthinｇ.SectioｎBDiｒｅctionｓ:Ｉnthissecｔioｎ，yｏuｗillhear3shｏrｔpaｓｓages.Aｔtｈｅeｎｄｏfｅachｐａssａge,yoｕｗｉlｌhearｓomeｑuｅｓtiｏｎs．Bothtｈepaｓsageandthｅquestionswillbespｏkｅnoｎlyｏnce.Afｔeryoｕｈｅaraquestiｏn,youmｕstchｏｏｓetｈebｅstａnｓｗerfroｍｔhefourchoiｃesmarkedA),B),Ｃ)andD）.ＴhenｍａｒkthecｏｒrｅsponｄinｇletｔeronAnswerSheｅt２withasingleliｎeｔhｒougｈthｅcｅntｒｅ．PassageOneＱueｓtiｏｎs２6tｏ28ａｒeｂasedonthepａssageｙｏuhａvejｕsthｅard.A)Ｔherewerenoplaｎetswiｔhoutmoons． B）TherewasnoaｉｒoｒｗａtｅronJｕｐiteｒ．C)Liｆｅwasnotpｏssibleｉｎoｕterspaｃe. Ｄ）Thｅmysteｒｙoｆlｉfｅcouｌdnotｂｅｒｅsoｌveｄ．Ａ）Ithasaｎuｍberofａｃｔivevｏｌｃａnoｅｓ.ﻩﻩB)Ｉtｈasanatmｏsｐhｅreliｋｅthｅeａrtｈ’ｓ.C)Ｉthasａlaｒgeoｃeanｕｎderitsｓuｒfacｅ.ﻩ D)Ithaｓｄeepｃavesseverａlｍileslong.A)Liｇhｔisnotａｎesseｎｔialelｅmenttoit．ﻩB）Lifeｃanformiｎvｅｒyhotｔｅmperaｔures.C）Everyformｏfliｆeunｄergｏeｓｅｖolutiｏn. D)Oxygｅnｉｓnoｔｎeedｅdfｏrｓomeｌifefoｒms.PassagｅTwｏQuestiｏns29to３１areｂａsｅｄoｎｔｈepａｓsageｙouhａvejustheａrd.Ａ)Whetheｒｔheyｓhoｕlｄtａketｈeｃhiｌdhomｅ.ﻩＢ)ＷhａtDr.Mａyer’ｓiｎｓｔrucｔｉonseｘactlywere． C)Whｏsｈoｕldｔakecａreｏｆｔhecｈｉldaｔhome． D)Whentｈechildwouldcｏmｐletｅlｙrecovｅr．A）Shｅencouragesthemtoａskqｕesｔionswhenindoubt．B)Sｈemaｋestｈemwrｉｔedoｗnａｌlhｅrinsｔrｕctiｏｎs.C)Shehａsｔhemａctｏｕtwhａtｔhｅｙaｒetoｄoaｔhome.D）Sｈeａskstｈｅmtoｒepeaｔwhａtｔheyaresupposedtodo.A)Itlacksthestaｂｉｌiｔyoftheprintｅdword.ﻩＢ)Ｉtcontaiｎsmａnygrammａticaｌerrors.C)Ｉtisheavilｙdependenｔoｎｔhecontexｔ.ﻩD)Itfacilｉtａtesinterｐersｏnａlcoｍmｕnicatｉon．ＰassageThreｅQuestions３3to35arｅbasedｏntheｐassageyｏuhavejustｈeard.A）Jobseｃuritｙ.ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩﻩＢ)Ｇｏodｌabourｒelａtiｏns.C)Challenginｇwork. ﻩ D)Attracｔivｅｗａgesandbenｅfiｔs.Ａ)Maｎｙｔediｏusjobｓcontiｎuetｏbedoｎemａｎualｌy. ﻩﻩB）Moreandｍｏreunsｋilleｄwｏrｋeｒswilllosejｏbs.C)Computｅrswilｌchaｎgｅthｅnatureofmanyjobｓ．ﻩﻩﻩﻩＤ)Bｏrinｇｊobswilｌｇradｕallyｂeｍaｄeenjoyable.A)Ｏfferthemchancesｏfpromｏtiｏn． 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B)Thｅyｃoｎcｅｒnａsmalｌnumbｅrｏfpeopｌeonlｙ.C)Theｙaｒｅarｂitrarilysetｂytheadｍinisｔratｏrｓ．ﻩﻩﻩD)Thｅyaｒｅbeｙｏndthｅｃontrolｏfordinaryworkers.ＳectｉonCDirｅｃtｉｏns:Iｎthisｓeｃtion,youｗillheａrapaｓsagethreｅtiｍｅs.Ｗhｅnｔhepaｓsａgeisreadfｏrthefirsｔtiｍｅ，ｙoｕsｈouldlｉｓｔeｎcａrefullyforitsgeｎeraｌiｄｅa.Ｗhenthｅpaｓsagｅｉｓrｅaｄfoｒthｅｓｅｃondｔime,youarｅreqｕiredtｏfillinｔheｂlanｋｓnｕmberedfrom３６to43withthｅexacｔｗｏrdsｙoｕhａvejuｓtheaｒd.Foｒblaｎkｓnumberｅdfrom44to46ｙouａrerequｉｒedtofilｌiｎtｈemissiｎｇiｎformation.Fortheseｂlankｓ，yoｕcａneiｔherｕseｔｈeexacｔｗｏrｄsyouhａvejuｓtheａｒdorｗriｔedownthemａiｎpointsinyouｒｏwｎwordｓ.Fiｎally,whenｔhｅpassageisreaｄforthethiｒdtime,youshoulｄcheckwhaｔyｏuhａveｗrｉｔtｅn．注意:此部分试题在答题卡2上。Inｔhehumａnｉties,authｏrswｒiｔeｔoinｆoｒｍyouiｎmａｎｙwａys.Thesemethodscanbe(36)____＿＿inｔothｒeｅtyｐesofinｆormatiｏnaｌwriting:factｕaｌ,descrｉpｔｉve，andprocesｓ．Fａctuａlwriｔingprovides（37）＿__＿__inｆｏrmａｔｉoｎoｎanaｕｔhor，cｏｍpoｓｅｒ,oｒartistoｒｏｎatypeofmusｉc，lｉｔｅraturｅ,orａrt．Eｘａmplesoffaｃtualｗrｉtingincｌudｅｎotｅｓonabookｊａcketｏr(38)_＿__＿_cｏvｅrandlongerpｉeｃes，suchaｓaｎarｔicledescｒibiｎgastylｅｏfmｕsicwｈｉchｙoumｉghtｒeadinamuｓic(３9）＿＿___＿courｓe.Thisｋｉｎdofwｒitingprovidesa(40）______fｏrｙourｓtudｙofthehumaｎｉtiｅｓ.Aｓiｔsnａmｅ(4１)___＿_＿，ｄescｒipｔivｅｗｒitｉｎgsiｍpｌydescｒibeｓ,orproｖiｄｅsaｎ(42)＿__＿__of,ａpiｅcｅofmｕsic,aｒt,oｒliteｒaｔure.Ｆorｅxａｍplｅ,ｄescriptivewritｉnｇmightlisttｈecｏlorsａｎartｉstuseｄinapaintinｇｏrｔｈe（4３）______ａｃomｐoserinclｕdedｉnamusicａlｃompositioｎ,ｓoasｔomaｋeｐictureｓorsounｄsinthereader’smindbyｃａｌlingupspecificdetaiｌsoｆtｈewoｒk.(4４)＿_____＿_．Procｅssｗritinｇｅxpｌａiｎsasｅrieｓofactionｓｔhatbｒiｎgaboutarｅｓult.（45）_____＿_＿.Thｉskｉｎdofwｒitinｇｉsoftenfｏuｎｄｉnarｔ,whｅreuｎdersｔanｄｉnghowａnarthaｓcｒeatｅdaceｒtaｉneｆfeｃtｉsimportant.(４6)______＿_＿.PartⅣＲｅａdingCoｍpreｈeｎsｉoｎ(ReａdinginDｅpth）(25minutes)SecｔｉoｎAＤirｅcｔiｏｎs:Inｔhｉｓsｅｃtioｎ,theｒｅisapassａgｅwithtenblaｎks.Ｙouarereqｕｉｒedtoｓｅｌectｏnewoｒｄｆｏreａchｂlankfroｍalistofchoicesgiveｎｉｎａwordｂaｎkfｏllowingtheｐasｓａge．Reａdthepaｓsageｔｈroｕgｈcａrefuｌｌyｂｅfoｒemakinｇyourchoices．Eaｃｈcｈoicｅｉnthebａｎkｉｓｉｄeｎtifｉedbyａletter．ＰleaｓemarkｔhecｏrｒeｓｐondｉnｇletterforｅacｈiteｍｏnAnswerSheet2witｈasinglelｉnethｒoughthecentｒｅ.Yoｕmaｙnotuseanyofthｅｗｏrdsｉntheｂａnｋｍorethanonｃe．Qｕestｉoｎs47to56ａｒebasｅｄｏntｈeｆolloｗingpassagｅ．Infaｍiliｅswiｔhtwoｗorkingｐａreｎts,fatherｓmａyｈaｖeｍoｒeimpactｏnachild’slanｇuaｇedevｅlopｍenｔthanmotｈers，ａnewｓtudysuｇgestｓ.Ｒesearcheｒｓ4792faｍilｉeｓｆｏrm１1ｃhildcａrecenteｒｓbeforetheiｒcｈｉldｒenwereayearold,inｔｅrvｉewingeachtｏestabliｓhincoｍｅ,leveｌｏｆｅduｃatiｏnanｄcｈｉldcaｒearrangements.Ovｅrall,itwaｓagroupofｗelｌ－clａssfamilｉes,wｉｔhmaｒrｉedparｅntsbothｌivｉnｇintｈeｈomｅ.Ｗｈenｔheｃhildrｅnwｅre2，rｅsearchｅｒsvideotaｐedtｈemathoｍｅiｎfreｅ－ｐlaｙseｓsiｏnｓwitｈbothpareｎts,４8alloｆtｈeirｓpeeｃｈ.ThestudyｗillａｐpｅarintheNovembeｒisｓｕeｏfTheJｏｕｒｎalｏfＡppｌiedDｅveｌopmｅｎtalPsyｃhｏlｏgy.Tｈesｃienｔｉｓtsmeasurｅdｔhe49nuｍberｏfuｔteraｎce(话语)oｆｔheparｅｎｔs，tｈｅｎumberofdiffｅrentwordstheyuｓeｄ，thecomplexityｏfthｅirｓｅnｔencesａndoｔｈｅr50oｆtheｉrspeech.Onaverage,fａtｈerssｐokeｌessthanｍoｔherｓdｉd,ｂuｔｔheyｄidｎotｄifｆｅｒｉntheｌeｎｇthoｆuttｅraｎcesoｒproporｔioｎofquestiｏnsａskeｄ.Fｉｎallｙ,ｔheｒeseａrｃhers5１theｃhｉｌdren’ssｐeｅchatａge３,uｓｉngａｓtaｎdardｉzedlanguagetｅsｔ．Theｏnｌypredｉｃtorｓofｈiｇｈｓcoresontheｔeｓtwｅretｈemｏther’sleｖｅlofedｕｃaｔion,ｔhｅ５2oｆchildcａrｅaｎdthenumbｅｒｏfdiｆferenｔwordsthefatherused.Tｈｅresｅａrchersare5３whｙthefａthｅr’sspeecｈ,andnｏｔtｈｅmother’s,hadanefｆect.“Iｔ’sｗell５4ｔhａtthemotｈｅr’slanguａｇeｄｏｅshaveaｎimpact,”saidＮadyaPａnｃsofａｒ,theleaｄauthoroftｈeｓtudy.Ｉtcoulｄｂethaｔthehigh-funcｔioningmoｔherｓinthesｔudyhad55hadastronginflｕenceontｈｅirｃhｉlｄren’sspeeｃhdｅveｌopｍｅnt，Ｍs.Pancsｏfaｒｓaid,“ｏritmaybeｔｈatmoｔheｒsarｅ5６注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上。already 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O)yetSecｔioｎＢＤirｅｃｔions:Ｔｈereaｒe2ｐassagesinthiｓseｃtｉon.Eachpａssａgｅiｓfｏllowedbyｓomｅqｕesｔioｎsorunｆｉnishedｓtatｅｍents.FｏreaｃｈoftｈemtherearｅｆouｒchoicesmａrkｅｄA）,B),C)andＤ)．YouｓｈouｌddeciｄeoｎthebｅstchｏｉceandmarktｈecorrｅsｐondingｌetｔeronＡnswerSｈeｅt2withaｓiｎgleliｎetｈrouｇhｔhecentre.PasｓａgeOｎeＱuｅstionｓ５7tｏ６1ａreｂａseｄｏｎｔheｆollowingpassage.Ｔｈｒoｕｇhoutｔhiｓｌｏng,ｔenseelｅction,eveｒyonehasfoｃusedonthepｒesｉdｅntialcａndidatesandhowtｈey’llcｈangｅAmeｒiｃa.Ｒighｔlyｓo,buｔselfiｓhly，I’ｍmorｅfasｃinａtedbyMｉchelleObamａandｗhatshemigｈtｂeａblｅtodo,nｏｔjｕstｆorthiscｏuｎtrｙ,ｂuｔｆｏrmｅａsanＡｆrｉｃan-Americaｎwoman.AsthepoｔentiａｌＦirstＬady,shｅwouldhavetｈｅｗｏrｌd’sattｅntｉon.AndｔhａｔmeａnｓｔｈａtｆoｒｔhefiｒsｔtimepeoplｅwｉllhaveａcｈａnceｔoｇetuｐclｏseaｎdperｓonalwiｔhtｈeｔyｐeｏfAfrican-Aｍeｒicanwｏmａnｔheysｏrarelysｅe．Ｕsuaｌly,thｅlivesofｂlackwoｍｅngolarｇelyunexamｉnｅd.Ｔheprevailiｎｇtheoryseｅmｓtobetｈaｔwe’realｌhot-teｍpeｒeｄsiｎglemｏthersｗhocan’tkｅepaman．Ｅｖeｎintｈeｗorｌdofｍａkｅ-believe,bｌａckｗomenstiｌlcａｎ’tｅscapeｔhestｅrｅotｙｐeofbeinｇeｙe-rolliｎg,overｓｅｘedfemalｅｓraisedｂyoｕrｎever－ｍarried,alｃoholｉｃ(酗酒的）moｔｈerｓ.Tｈｅseimageshaveheｌpeｄdｅｆiｎetｈewaｙallwomenarevieｗed,iｎclｕｄinｇMichelleObama．Beｆoresｈeｅｖerｇetstｈeｃｈancetocommｉttｏacａｕse,cｈａrityorfouｎdatｉｏnasFirｓtLady,hｅrｍoｓturｇeｎtａｎｄpeｒhaｐsｍｏstcｏmplｉcａteddutｙmaybｅsimｐｌetobｅherselｆ.Itｗon’tｂｅeasｙ．Becausefeｗmaiｎｓtｒeampuｂlicaｔioｎshａvedonein-depthｆｅaturesonrｅgulａrＡfrｉcan－Aｍｅｒｉcａnwｏｍｅn,littlｅisknｏwnaboｕtwhowｅare，whatwｅtｈinｋandｗｈatwefａceonａregulａrｂａsis.Forbeｔteｒorworｓe,Ｍicｈeｌlewilｌrepｒｅsentusall.Jｕstasshewillhavehercrｉｔics，shewillａｌsohａvｅmilliｏnsｏｆｆａnsｗhousualｌyhavelitｔleintereｓtｉntheFirstLady.MaｎｙＡｆｒｉcan－Ameｒicanblogshavｅwrｉttｅnaboutｗhaｔtｈey’dlｉｋetoseeMichellebringtotｈｅWhiｔｅHｏｕse—mａinｌyｓhowinｇtheworldｔｈatablacｋwomancａnsupｐortｈｅrmananｄrａisｅasｔroｎgblackｆaｍily.Miｃhellｅwｉｌlhavetowｏrｋtopｌeasｅｅvｅryonｅ—animｐoｓsibletask.BuｔforｍanyAfriｃan－Ameｒicanwomenlikｅｍｅ,justａlｉｔtleofherpoｉｓe(沉着),coｎｆideｎcｅandintｅlｌｉgencewillgoalｏngwayinchａnｇiｎganｉmagethaｔ’ｓbeeｎarｏunｄｆoｒｆartoolonｇ.5７.WhydoｅsMichｅｌleOｂamａholｄaｓtrｏngfａｓcinationｆorｔheauｔhor?A)ＳheseｒvesａｓaｒｏｌemodｅlfｏｒAfricanwｏmｅn.B)SｈepoｓseｓｓeｓmanｙadmiraｂlｅqualｉｔiesｂecomingaFirstLａｄy．Ｃ)ＳｈeｗｉllpreｓｅｎｔtothｅworldanewimａｇeofAfriｃan-Aｍｅｒicanｗｏｍen.D)ShewillpaycｌoseｒattenｔｉonｔotheiｎtｅreｓtsoｆAfｒｉcaｎ-Amerｉcaｎwoｍen.５8.WhatiｓthecｏmmonｓtereotｙpeofＡfｒｉcaｎ-Aｍericanwｏmenaｃｃoｒｄingtｏｔheaｕthoｒ?A）Ｔｈeｙａrevictimsofｖioｌence. Ｂ）Ｔｈeｙareofａｎinferｉｏｒvｉolence．Ｃ）Theyｕseｑuitealotofbodyｌanguage． D)Ｔheyliveｏｎcｈａritｙaｎｄsocｉalwelfaｒｅ.5９．WｈaｔdomａnyAｆriｃaｎ-Ａmericａnｓwｒiteaboutiｎtheiｒbloｇs?Ａ）WhetherMicｈellｅｃａnliveｕｐtｏthｅhiｇhexｐecｔatｉonsｏfherfａns．B)HowＭichelleｓhouldｂehａｖeaｓapublicfigure．Ｃ)HoｗpｒｏｕdthｅyaretohavｅablackwomanｉnthｅＷhiteHoｕｓｅ.D）WｈatMichelｌeｓｈｏuｌddoasｗifｅandｍｏｔherintheWhiteHouse.60.WhatdoｅｓtheauthorsayaboｕtＭicheｌｌｅObamaasaFirｓｔLady?Ａ）Ｈowevｅrmanyｆａｎsshehas,sheshoulｄｒemainmodｅsｔ,B)Sheｓhouｌｄn’tdiｓappointtｈeAｆrican－Aｍericaｎｃｏmmuｎｉty.C)Howｅvｅrｈardｓhetries，ｓhecａn’texｐeｃttopｌeaseeｖｅｒybody.D)SｈewiｌlgiveprioritytoＡｆriｃaｎ-Americanwomen’ｓcｏncｅｒns．61.ＷhatdomanｙAfrｉｃan-ＡmericanwｏmeｎhopeMichｅlleＯbamawｉllｄo？A)Heｌpcｈangetheprｅvailingｖiｅwaｂoｕtｂｌａcｋwomｅn.B)ＨｅlｐhｅｒhｕｓｂanｄinthetaskofｃhａnｇinｇAmericａ.C）OutｓｈineｐrevｉoｕｓFiｒstLａｄｙ.Ｄ）Fuｌlｙdisplａyherfineｑualitiｅｓ.PassａｇeTwoQuestiｏｎs６2tｏ6６arebaｓeｄonthｅｆollowingpassagｅ.Wheｎnextyear’scropofhｉgh-schooｌｇradｕａtｅsaｒｒiveaｔOｘfordＵniｖersｉｔyｉｎthｅｆalｌｏf2０23,ｔhｅｙ’llbejｏiｎedｂｙanewfacｅ；AｎｄrewＨaｍiｌton，tｈｅ５5-ｙeaｒ－ｏldｐrｏｖost（教务长)ofＹａle,whｏ’ｌlbeｃomｅOxford’svice－ｃｈancelloｒ—ａｐositｉoｎｅquiｖalenｔtouniｖｅｒsityprｅsidenｔinAｍeriｃａ.Hamiｌtoｎisn’ttｈeonlyｅduｃａtorcrｏsｓingtheAtlanｔic.ＳcｈooｌsinＦrance，Ｅgyｐt，Ｓｉnｇａporｅ,etc,haveaｌsoｒecentlymadetop-levelｈiresfromabroad.Ｈighｅreducatiｏｎhasｂecomeａbｉgandcompetitivｅbｕsｉnessnｏwadayｓ,andliｋｅsomanybｕsinｅsseｓ,iｔ’sgｏｎeglobal.Yetthｅtalentfloｗisn’tunivｅrｓal.High-levelpｅrsonｎeltendtｏheaｄｉnoｎｌyonｅdirection:ｏｕtwａrdfromＡmeｒiｃa.ThｅｃhiｅfreasｏｎisｔｈatAmｅricａnｓchｏolsdon’ttenｄtoseｒiouｓlycｏｎｓideｒｌookingaｂrｏad.Forｅxaｍｐｌe,wｈentheboardoｆtheUniversiｔyofCｏloｒadoｓearcheｄfoｒanewpｒｅsideｎt,itwａｎtedａｌeadｅｒfａｍilｉarwiｔｈｔｈestaｔegovｅｒｎmenｔ,aｍajorsouｒcｅoｆtheｕniversiｔｙ’ｓbudget.“Wedidn’ｔdｏanyglobalconｓideration,”ｓａysPａtriｃiaHayeｓ，theboard’schair.ThｅboａｒdultiｍatelypickedBｒｕceBｅｎson,a６9-year-oｌdCｏloｒａdobｕsｉnesｓmａnandpｏｌiｔiｃalactｉvist（活动家）whoislｉkｅｌytodoweｌlｉnthemａintａｓkoｆmodernｕｎiversiｔypｒeｓidenｔs:ｆｕnd-raｉｓing.Fund-raisinｇiｓadiｓtinctiveｌｙAmericａnｔｈinｇ,ｓｉncｅManyＥuroｐeanunｉversitiｅs,meａｎwhｉle,ａrｅstillmｏstlｙdepenｄentoｎgoｖerｎmenｔｆundｉng.Butgｏｖｅrnmentsupportｈasfａiledtoｋeｅｐpａcewithrisiｎｇｓtudentnumbｅr.Tｈｅdecｌinｅiｎgoveｒnmentsuｐｐortｈasmaｄefunｄing－ｒaisingaｎincrｅaｓingnｅcessaｒyabilityamongadｍiniｓtrａｔｏrｓandｈashiringcｏmmitteeｓｈungryfｏrAmｅriｃans.Iｎｔhepasｔfｅwyeａrs，pｒｏmｉnentschｏｏlsaroundｔhｅｗorldhaｖeｊoineｄthetｒenｄ．In20２3，wｈeｎCambｒiｄgｅUniｖeｒsiｔｙappｏｉntedAｌｉsonRiｃhaｒd,ａnｏthｅrｆｏｒmeｒYaｌｅproｖosｔ,asitｓｖice－chancｅｌlｏr,tｈeｕnivｅrsityｐubliｃｌystresｓedｔhatinｈｅrpｒeｖiousjｏbｓhehａdoveｒseｅn“amajorstrengtheｎinｇofYale’sｆiｎancialpｏｓitＯfcoｕｒse，ｆuｎd-rａisingisｎ’tthｅonｌｙskilloutsiderｓoffer．Theglobalizatioｎofｅｄucａtioｎmeａｎsmorｅｕnivｅrsｉtieswillｂeｓeekinghｅadｓwithｉnｔernaｔiｏnalexpｅrｉenceoｆｓomekｉｎdofｐrｏｍoteintｅrｎatioｎalｐｒogramｓaｎdａttｒactaｇlobaｌstudentbｏｄｙ.Foreigｎｅrｓcanoffｅrafｒeshpｅrspｅcｔivｅｏneｓtabｌｉshedpractices．６2.Whａtisｔheｃurrｅnｔtrendiｎhiｇhereducationdiｓcｕssedｉｎtｈｅpaｓｓage?Ａ)InstitｕtionswｏｒldwiｄｅarehiｒinｇａｄmiｎistratｏｒｓfromtheU．Ｓ.Ｂ）Alotofｐoliticalactiｖｉstsａｒebeｉｎｇrｅｃrｕｉtedasａｄｍinistｒａtors.C)Aｍericanｕnivｅｒsitiesａｒｅenｒollingmorｅinternａtｉonaｌｓtｕdents．D）Ｕnｉversitypresiｄentsaｒｅpａyingmoreattentiontofundinｇ-raｉsing.63.WhatisｔhｅchiefconsiderationoｆＡmericanuｎiｖerｓitieswhｅnhirｉngtop-ｌｅｖeｌadｍiｎistrators？Ａ)Thepoliticａlcoｒｒeｃtnesｓ. B）Ｔheirabilitytoraiｓefundｓ.Ｃ)Ｔheirfameiｎacａdeｍicｃircｌes.ﻩﻩﻩD)Theｉradmｉｎistraｔｉｖeｅxperｉeｎｃｅ.64.WｈatdoｗelearｎａboutEuｒopeａnuniversitieｓｆromtｈｅpassａge?A)Thetuitiｏnstｈeychaｒgeｈａvebeenｒiｓｉngconsideｒaｂly.B)Tｈeiｒoperａｔioｎiｓunderstrｉｃtgｏvernmentsupervｉsion．C）Theyaｒｅstrengtheningtheｉrposｉｔioｎbygloｂalization．D)Mosｔoｆthｅirrｅveｎuescomefroｍthegｏvｅrｎment.65．CaｍｂrｉdgｅUｎiｖersityA）ｓhｅwａsknｏwntobegoodatｒaｉsiｎgｍｏｎeyB)shecouldhｅｌpstｒeｎｇtｈenitstieｓwiｔhYaleC)shｅknｅｗｈｏｗtoａｔtｒaｃtstudeｎtsovｅrseasD)sｈｅhadｂooｓtedYalｅ’sacadｅmiｃｓｔａｔｕs66.Inwhatｗaｙdotop－leｖｅladｍiniｓｔrａｔｏrsfｒomabｒoaｄcoｎtrｉbutetouniversitｙｄevelｏpment？A)Tｈeycanenｈanceｔheuniｖerｓｉtｙ’simagｅ.Ｂ）Theｙwiｌlbｒingｗiththemｍｏreintｅｒnationalfaculty.C)Ｔｈeｙwｉllｖiewａｌｏtoｆｔｈingsfｒomanewperｓpｅcｔivｅ.D)Ｔheycａnsｅtｕｐnewaｃａｄemicdiscｉpｌiｎｅｓ.PaｒｔⅤClozｅ(15miｎｕtes)Diｒectionｓ:Tｈerｅarｅ20blanｋｓinthefｏlloｗingpasｓagｅ．ForeachｂｌanktheｒeａrｅfｏurｃhoicesmarkｅdA),B),C),andＤ）oｎtheｒiｇhtsideofｔheｐapｅr.YoｕshｏuldcｈｏoseｔheONEｔhaｔbestfiｔsintotheｐａssagｅ.TｈeｎmarkthecorrespondiｎgletteronAnsｗerSｈeet2withasingｌelinｅtｈrｏughthｅｃenｔre.Olderｐeopｌｅｍｕstbegiｖenｍoｒｅｃｈanｃｅstolｅaｒniｆtheyａｒetocontrｉbuteｔosociｅｔyｒatherthaｎｂeaｆｉnａncialburden,ａccordingｔoanｅｗstudyｏnpopulａｔiｏnpｕｂlisheｄrecenｔly．Tｈecurrｅntpｅoｐleａpproaｃhwｈｉch6７oｎｙｏungｅｒpeｏｐlｅandonskiｌlsforemploｙmentisｎｏt68tomeetｔheｃｈalｌeｎgesofｄemoｇｒaphic(人口结构的)ｃhange,ｉtsays.Only1%oftheｅducａtｉoｎbｕdgｅtis69spｅntontheoｌｄesｔthirdofｔhｅｐopulatiｏｎ.Tｈe7０iｎｃludｅtｈefａcｔｔhatmostpeoｐlｅcａｎexpectｔospendatｈiｒdofthｅｉrlｉvesiｎ7１,thattｈereａrenowmｏｒｅpeｏpleover5９ｔhanunｄer１6ａndthａt1１．3ｍiｌlionpeople