2023年考研英语一真题及答案

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Noｗutoｐｉａｈasgrownｕnfashｉonabｌe,ａｓwehaｖｅgａinedａdeeperappreciationｏｆtｈeｒanｇeofｔｈreatsfacinｇus,fｒomasteｒoidｓtriketoepiｄemiｃfｌuａｎdtoclｉmateｃｈange.Youｍiｇｈteｖｅnbeｔempteｄtoａｓsumｅthaｔhuｍａｎｉtyhasliｔtｌefutuｒeｔolookforwaｒdto.Butｓuｃhｇloominessismispｌaｃeｄ．Thefｏssｉlrｅｃordsｈowｓthａtmanyspeciesｈａvｅenｄureｄfｏrmillｉonsofyears-sｏwhｙｓｈouldn'tｗe?Takｅaｂｒoａderlｏoｋａｔoｕrｓpecieｓ'pｌａｃeintheuniveｒse,andｉtbecomescleａｒtｈatweｈaveanexcelleｎtchａnceofsurvｉvinｇfoｒtenｓ，ｉfnoｔhundrｅdｓ，oftｈｏusａndsｏfyears.LookｕｐHｏmｏｓaｐｉｅnsｉnthe"RedLｉst"ofthreａteneｄｓpｅｃiesofthｅＩnternaｔｉｏnalUｎｉonfoｒtheＣonverｓatｉonofNaｔure(IUCN）,andyｏuｗillｒead:"ＬistedaｓＬｅａｓｔConcernａstheｓpeｃiｅsｉｓｖerywidelydistribuｔed,adａptable,curｒentlyｉnｃreａsing,aｎdｔhｅrearｅｎomajorthreatsresｕｌtinginanoｖeｒallpopulａtiondecliｎe."Sowhatdoesouｒｄeepfｕturｅｈolｄ？Ａgｒowingnumｂeｒｏfｒｅsearcheｒsaｎdｏrganizationsarenoｗｔhinkｉｎgseｒｉouslyａbouttｈaｔｑuestiｏn.Fｏrexaｍpｌe,ｔhｅLｏｎgNowFoundａtｉonhasitｓflagshiｐprojeｃtamｅdicaｌcｌｏｃkthatｉsｄｅsigneｄtostillｂeｍarｋingtiｍｅthouｓandsoｆyｅaｒsｈeｎce.Ｐｅｒhａｐswillfully,itmaybｅeａsｉertｏthｉnkabｏｕtsuｃhlengthｙtiｍｅｓcalestｈanａｂouttheｍoｒeimmediateｆuture．Theｐotｅntiaｌevolutioｎoftoday'ｓtechnoloｇy,aｎditｓsociａlcｏnｓequenｃｅｓ,isdazzliｎglycｏｍplicated，ａｎdit'spｅrhapsｂestlefttｏscｉeｎcｅfictiｏｎwriterｓandfuｔuroｌｏgｉststoexpｌｏreｔhｅｍanyposｓｉｂiｌitｉeswｅcaｎenvisage.Tｈａt'ｓonerｅasonｗhywehaveｌaｕｎchedArｃ,aneｗpublｉcatiｏndedicatｅdtothenearｆuturｅ.Ｂuｔｔakｅalongervieｗandｔhｅreisａsurpriｓｉnｇａｍounｔthatwｅｃansaywitｈconsiｄerablｅａｓｓｕraｎce.Assoｏｆteｎ,ｔhepastholdsthekeｙtotｈefuｔure:ｗehavenoｗｉdentｉfｉｅdｅnoughｏfthelong-termpａtterｎsｓhaｐingtheｈｉstoｒyoftheplanｅt，andourspｅcies,tomakeｅｖidencｅ-basｅdｆorecaｓtsaboutthesituationsｉnwhｉchoｕrdｅｓcendaｎtswillfｉndｔｈemｓｅｌves.Thisｌongpｅｒspｅｃtivｅｍakeｓthepesｓimisticviｅwｏｆourｐｒosｐectsｓeeｍｍorｅliｋｅｌｙtobｅａpasｓｉngfad.Ｔobesuｒe,thｅfutuｒｅｉsnotａｌｌｒoｓy.Ｂｕtwearｅnowkｎowｌedgeａblｅenoughtorｅｄucemａnｙoftherｉsksｔhatｔｈｒeａtenedｔｈeｅxisteｎceｏｆearliｅrｈumaｎs,andtoimproｖｅｔhｅlotofｔhosetocome.３1.Ouｒｖisionｏｆthefuｔｕreusedtｏｂeinspｉredbｙﻫ[Ａ]ourdeｓｉrｅforlｉｖｅsofｆｕlfillｍeｎt

[B］ouｒfaiｔhinscienceａｎdtechnoｌogy

[C]ourawａrenesｓｏｆｐotentialｒisksﻫ[D]ｏuｒbeｌieｆｉnequaloppｏrtunitｙ32．TｈeIUCN’s“ＲedLｉｓｔ”ｓuggeｓtthatｈｕmａnｂｅingare

[A］ａsustainｅdspecieｓ

[Ｂ］atｈreatentothｅｅｎvironmentﻫ［C]theworｌd’sdoｍinanｔpower

［D]amiｓplacedｒace33．WhichoftheｆollowiｎｇistrueaｃcordｉｎgtoＰaｒaｇraph５?ﻫ[A]Arｃhelpslimitthesｃopeoffuｔuroｌogｉcalstｕdieｓ.

［Ｂ]Technoloｇｙoｆfersｓｏlutionstoｓocｉaｌpｒoblem.

［Ｃ］Theｉntｅrestｉｎｓｃｉｅnｃｅfictiｏniｓoｎtｈerisｅ.

[D]OurIｍmedｉatｅfutuｒeｉshardtocｏnceive.34.Toensｕrethｅfutuｒeｏfmanｋind,ｉtisｃruciａｌｔoﻫ[A]explorｅｏurpｌanｅｔ’ｓabｕnｄantｒesourｃes

[B]adoptａｎoｐtimisticｖieｗoftheworldﻫ[C]drawonoｕrexperｉeｎcefrｏmｔhｅpast

［Ｄ]cuｒｂｏuｒaｍｂitｉｏntoreｓhapeｈiｓtory3５．Whicｈｏfthｅfoｌlowingwouldｂｅthebｅｓttitleｆoｒthetext?ﻫ[A]UncertaintyaboｕtOuｒFutureﻫ[B]EvolutionoｆtｈeＨumanSｐecies

［Ｃ]TｈeEver-brｉghtＰrospecｔsofMankｉnｄ

[Ｄ]Sciｅnce,ＴｅｃhnoloｇｙaｎｄHumａｎityText４

Oｎafiｖetoｔhreevｏte，ｔheSupreｍeＣoｕrｔｋnoｃkeｄoutmuchofAｒizona’sｉmmｉｇｒatioｎlawＭｏｎday－ａmｏdeｓtｐolicyvｉctｏｒｙfoｒtｈｅＯbaｍaAdｍiｎiｓtraｔiｏn.ＢｕtoｎthemｏｒeimpoｒｔａntｍａttｅrｏftheConstitutｉon,thedｅcｉsioｎwaｓan８-0ｄｅfeａtforｔheAdminiｓtrａtｉｏｎ’sｅffｏrttｏupsettｈebａlａnceofpoweｒbeｔwｅeｎtｈefedｅrａｌgoｖeｒｎmeｎｔaｎｄｔhestates.

IｎArizoｎaｖ.UniｔedＳtates，themajorｉtyovｅrturnedthrｅeoftｈefourcontｅstedprｏvisioｎsoｆAｒizoｎa’scｏntroversialpｌanｔoｈａveｓtatｅandlocalpolicｅｅｎfｏｒcefeｄｅraliｍmｉgｒaｔｉonlaｗ.TheCoｎstitutioｎalpｒinｃiplｅstｈatWashiｎgtｏnａlonehasthｅｐoｗerto“esｔablishａｕｎifｏrｍＲuｌｅofＮatｕrａｌizaｔｉon”andthatfeｄeraｌlawsprｅcedesｔaｔｅｌawsaｒeｎoncontroｖersｉal．Ａrizoｎahadａttempｔeｄtofａｓｈｉoｎstaｔｅpｏlicｉesthatraｎpａｒalleltothｅｅxistｉnｇfeｄｅralｏnes．ＪustｉceＡｎtｈonyKennedy,joinedｂyＣhｉeｆJusticｅJohnRobｅrtsandthｅCourｔ’ｓlibｅｒaｌs，rulｅｄｔhａttｈestateflewｔoｏcloｓeｔothefedｅｒalｓｕn．Ｏｎtheｏｖｅｒturnedpｒovisionｓthｅmaｊorityhelｄthecoｎgrｅsshaddeｌiberaｔｅly“occｕｐiｅｄthefiｅlｄ”andＡrizonａhａｄthｕｓintruｄedonｔhｅfederaｌ’ｓprivilegedpowｅrｓ.Howｅveｒ,ｔheJusｔiｃesｓaidthａｔArizonapolicｅｗｏuldbeallowｅdtoverｉfytｈelegaｌstatusｏfｐeoｐlｅwhoｃoｍｅincontaｃtｗitｈｌawｅnｆorｃemenｔ．Tｈat’sｂｅcａｕseCｏngresshasalwａｙsenvｉsｉoneｄjointfeｄerａl－ｓtateimmｉgraｔionenｆorcementanｄｅxｐｌiｃiｔｌｙenｃouragessｔaｔｅofficerｓtoｓhareｉｎｆormａｔｉoｎａndcoopeｒａtewitｈｆederａｌcoｌleaｇｕes．TwｏofthethreｅobjecｔｉngJusｔiｃe-SaｍuｅlAｌitoandClareｎｃeTｈoｍas-aｇｒeedwｉｔｈtｈisCｏnｓtitutｉonallogicbｕtｄiｓagｒｅedaboutwhiｃｈArｉzｏnaｒulescoｎｆliｃtｅdwithtｈefｅｄerａｌstatute.TｈeoｎｌymajoroｂjｅcｔｉｏnｃaｍefromＪusticeＡntｏｎinScalia，whooｆferｅdａnevｅnmｏreｒobｕstdefenｓeｏfstａtepｒiｖilegｅsgｏingbackｔotｈeAliｅnａnｄSeditｉonＡcｔs．Thｅ８－0objeｃtionｔｏＰreｓideｎtObamａtuｒnsoｎwｈatJｕsｔｉｃeSａmｕelAliｔodescribesiｎhiｓobｊeｃtｉｏnａｓ“asｈoｃkingassertｉonｏffｅderaｌｅxeｃｕｔiveｐoｗer”．TｈｅWhｉteHouseａrgｕedthatAｒizonａ’slawsｃoｎflictｅdwitｈitsenforcemenｔprｉoriｔies,evｅnifｓtaｔelaｗscompｌｉｅdｗithfeｄeralｓtatｕtestｏtheletｔer.Iｎeffecｔ,tｈeWhiｔeHouseclaiｍedthａtｉtcｏuｌdｉnvaｌidateanyoｔherｗiｓelegｉtimatestatelawtｈａtitdｉsagrｅeswith.Somｅｐowersdｏbeloｎgexｃlusｉvelytothefedｅrａlgovｅｒnment,ａndconｔｒoｌofcｉｔizｅnsｈipandthebｏrdersisamoｎｇｔｈem.ButifCoｎgreｓｓｗanｔeｄtoｐrｅventsｔａteｓｆroｍusingtheｉｒownｒesoｕrｃestochecｋｉmmigrａtionstatus，itｃoulｄ.Itneverdidｓo.Tｈeadｍiｎｉstｒatiｏnｗaｓinｅssencｅａsseｒtｉnｇｔhaｔbecaｕseitdidn’twａnｔtocarryｏutCongress’simｍigratｉonwishes,nｏsｔateshouldbealｌowedtｏdｏsｏeither.EｖerｙJusticeriｇhｔlyrejectedtｈisremaｒkａｂleclaiｍ．36．ThreeprovisｉonsofArｉzｏnａ’sｐlanwerｅｏvｅrturneｄbecaｕsethｅyﻫ[Ａ]dｅpriｖedｔｈefedeｒａlpolicｅofConｓｔitutionalpoｗerｓ.ﻫ［Ｂ]disｔurbedthｅpowerbalaｎｃeｂｅtｗeｅnｄiffeｒentstatｅs.ﻫ[C]oveｒsteppｅdｔheauthｏｒityｏffederalｉｍmｉgrａｔionｌaw．

[D]coｎtrａdictｅdboththeｆeｄeｒalａnｄsｔatｅpoliciｅｓ.37．OnwhichofｔhefoｌｌowｉngdｉdtheJustｉcesagｒee,accordiｎgtｏParａgｒaph4?

[A］Ｆederalofficｅrs’dutｙｔowithｈoldimmigｒantｓ‘infｏrmａtion.

[B]Statｅs’inｄependencｅｆrｏｍfederaliｍｍigrationlaw.

[C］Stａｔes’legitｉmaterolｅiniｍmiｇrationenforcｅment.

［D］Ｃｏngress’sｉｎtervｅntioninimmigrａｔionenfｏrcemｅnt.38.ItcanbeinferredfromPａrａgraph5ｔhattｈeAlieｎaｎdSeditiｏnAｃｔｓﻫ[A]violatｅｄtheConsｔitutioｎ.ﻫ［B]ｕｎdermiｎedthestatｅs’iｎｔｅｒests.

［Ｃ］suppｏrteｄtｈefeｄeｒalsｔatutｅ.

[D］stoｏdｉnfaｖoｒoftｈeｓtates．3９.ThｅWｈiteHoｕseclaimsｔhatｉtｓpowｅrｏfｅｎforcementﻫ［A]ouｔwｅighsthatｈelｄｂyｔhesｔates．ﻫ[B］isdｅpeｎdｅntoｎtｈesｔaｔeｓ’support.

［C]iｓeｓｔablishｅdｂyｆeｄeralｓtatｕtes.

［D]ｒarelygoｅｓagａinstｓtateｌａｗs.４0.Wｈatcａｎbｅｌｅａrnedfromtｈelastparaｇｒaｐｈ?

[A］ImmｉｇratioｎiｓsueｓａrｅｕsuallｙｄecidedbyCongrｅss.ﻫ［B］JustｉceｓintendｅdtｏｃｈecktｈepoweｒｏftheAdministｒation.ﻫ[C］JusｔｉcｅswａnｔｅdｔoｓｔrengthenitscoordiｎatｉｏｎwｉtｈConｇress.

[D]TheＡdmｉｎistrａｔioｎｉsdoｍｉnａntoｖｅｒｉmｍigratiｏniｓｓues．PａrｔB

Directiｏｎs:ﻫIｎｔheｆolｌowingartiｃle，somｅsentｅnｃｅｓｈａvebｅenreｍoved.FｏrＱuesｔｉoｎｓ41-45,cｈｏｏｓetheｍｏstsｕitaｂｌeonｅfroｍthｅlistA-Gtoｆitintoeaｃｈofthenｕmberedblank．Therｅaretwｏextrachoiｃes,whｉchdonotｆitinanyoftｈeｇapｓ.MaｒｋyoｕranｓｗeｒsoｎANSWEＲＳHEET1.（10pｏints)Ｔhesociaｌsciencesａｒeflouｒisｈiｎg.Asof２０23，thereｗeｒeａlmosthalfamillｉoｎprofｅｓｓionaｌsoｃialsｃiｅｎtiｓtｓfｒomａlｌｆielｄsiｎｔheｗｏrld，ｗorkｉngbothiｎｓidｅaｎｄouｔsideacadeｍiａ.AｃcoｒdiｎgｔotｈeＷｏrldSociaｌSｃienceRｅport2023,thｅｎumberofｓocｉaｌ－sciｅｎceｓtｕdｅnｔsworldｗｉdeｈaｓswoｌlenbyabｏut１1％eveｒyｙeaｒsiｎce20２3.Ｙetｔhisｅnormousreｓourcｅinnｏtcontｒiｂｕtingeｎouｇｈtotｏday’sglｏbalｃhａｌlengｅsiｎcｌｕdingcliｍatｅchange，secｕriｔｙ,sustainabledeveloｐmentandｈｅａlｔh．(４1)_＿_＿__Ｈumａｎitｙhasthｅnｅcｅssarｙagro-technologiｃaltoｏｌstｏeｒａdicatehｕｎger,fromgｅｎｅtｉｃalｌyengineｅredcropｓtoａrtiｆｉciaｌfertiliｚeｒs.Here,ｔoo，ｔｈeｐroblｅmsaresoｃial:tｈeorganiｚaｔioｎａnddiｓtｒｉｂuｔionoｆfoｏｄ,wealｔhaｎdprｏｓpｅrity.(４２）_＿__Thisisashaｍe—thecommunityｓｈｏｕldbegraｓpingthｅopportuniｔｙtoｒａiseｉｔsiｎfｌueｎceｉnthｅrealｗｏrｌd.TｏparapｈrasetｈeｇreatsｏｃialｓcｉentｉstJosephＳchuｍｐeter:theｒeisｎoｒadicalinnｏｖａtionwithouｔcｒeatiｖedeｓtruｃtｉｏｎ．

Today,tｈｅsocialscieｎcｅｓaｒelargｅlｙfocｕseｄondｉｓcｉpliｎａrypｒobleｍsandinternalscholarlydebａtes,ratherthａnoｎtopicｓwithｅxtｅrｎａlｉｍpact.Analyｓesｒevｅalthattheｎumberｏｆpａpersｉncｌudingｔhekeyｗords“environmentalｃｈａnged”or“climａteｃhange”haveincｒeasedrapiｄlysiｎce202３,(４3)＿___Whensociaｌsｃientistｓdotaｃklepracticａlissues,theｉrscｏｐeisofｔeｎlocａl：BelgiｕmisinterestedｍaｉｎlyiｎthｅeｆｆecｔsｏfpovertyonBｅlgｉｕmforｅｘample．Ａndwｈethertheｃommunｉty’sｗorkconｔributｅsｍｕcｈtoａnｏvｅｒaｌlａccｕmｕlatｉonofｋｎｏwleｄｇeisdｏuｂｔfｕl.Theｐroｂlemisｎotneceｓｓａrilｙtheａmｏuｎｔoｆａｖailabｌefｕnding(4４)____tｈｉsisanadequａtｅamoｕntｓoｌongasiｔiｓaimeｄｉnｔherighｔdiｒeｃｔioｎ.Sｏｃialscientiｓtswhｏcomplａinaboutalａｃkｏｆｆuｎdｉngshoulｄｎotexpｅctｍoreinｔodaｙ’seｃonomｉｃclimate.Thｅtrｉckistodiｒecttｈeseｆｕｎdsｂettｅｒ.TheEurｏｐeａnＵniｏnFrameworkfｕndｉnｇprｏgramsｈａveｌonghadaｃａtｅgoｒyspｅciｆicalｌytaｒgｅｔedatsocialscientｉｓts．Ｔhisｙear，itwaspｒoｐoｓedｔhatｓｙstembeｃhａngeｄ:Horiｚon2023,anewprｏgramtobeenaｃtedｉn20２3,ｗouldnotｈavesuchａcaｔegorｙ，Ｔhｉshasreｓultedｉnpｒotestsfromsocialsｃｉeｎｔists.Buttｈeｉnｔｅｎtｉｏｎiｓnotｔoneglecｔsoｃialｓcience;rather,thecompleteoｐpositｅ.(4５）＿___Thａtsｈouldｃｒeatemoreｃollaｂoｒativｅeｎdeaｖｏｒsandhｅlptodevelopprojecｔsaimeｄdirectlyatsolvingglｏbalproｂlｅｍs.［A］Iｔcouldbethａtweareevolvingtwoｃomｍｕｎitiesofｓocialscientists:ｏnｅthaｔiｓdiscｉｐｌｉne－ｏriｅｎtｅdａndpｕbliｓhingｉnhiｇhlyｓｐｅｃialiｚeｄjournals,aｎdonetｈａtｉｓｐｒoｂｌeｍ-oｒiｅntedａｎdpuｂｌishiｎgｅｌsewｈere，ｓuｃhaｓｐoｌicybrieｆs.［Ｂ]Howeｖｅr,thenumbｅｒsarestillsｍall:iｎ２023,abｏut1，6０0ofthe10０,000socｉal-ｓcｉencespａperspublisheｄglobalｌyｉnclｕdeｄoneoftｈesｅＫeywords．[C］ｔheideaistoｆｏｒceｓocialtointegｒatetheirwｏrｋｗｉtｈotheｒcａｔegories,inｃludiｎghealthanddemｏgrapｈiccｈａngefoodsｅcuｒｉty,marｉneresｅarchanｄｔｈebiｏ-ecoｎoｍy，ｃｌear，efficientｅnergｙ;ａndｉnclｕsｉve，innovativeanｄｓeｃuresocｉetieｓ.[Ｄ]tｈｅsｏlutionisｔocｈaｎgeｔheｍinｄsｅtofｔhｅａcadｅmiccoｍｍｕnｉty,andwhatｉtｃｏnsｉdｅrｓtoｂeiｔsmaiｎgoａｌ.Gｌｏbａlcｈaｌlengesaｎdsocｉａｌｉnnovatioｎoughttoreceｉvemｕｃhmoreatｔeｎtionfrｏｍscieｎｔists，esｐecialｌythｅｙoｕngones.[Ｅ]Ｔheseｉssueｓalｌhaveroｏtcausｅsiｎｈｕmaｎbehavioｒ.Allrｅquirebehavｉorａｌchａngeanｄｓoｃialiｎnovａtions，ａswellastechnologicaldevelｏｐmenｔ.Stemmingclｉｍatechａnｇe，forexample,isasmuchａbｏutchａngｉngｃonsｕｍpｔionpatternsａnｄprｏmotingtaxacceptanceasｉtisaboutdevｅｌopingｃleanenerｇy.［F]Ｄesｐｉtetheｓefacｔｏrｓ,manysocialscieｎtiｓtｓseemreluctanｔｔotackｌesuｃhpｒｏｂlems.AnｄinＥuｒope,soｍeareupinarｍｓoveｒaｐｒｏpoｓaltodropaspｅｃificfｕndｉnｇcateｇoｒyｆorsｏｃiaｌ-ｓcieｎceresｅarchandtointegrateitwｉｔｈinｃrｏｓｓ-cuttinｇtopｉcｓofsustaiｎabｌedevｅlopｍent．[G]Ｄuringthelate1990s，nationaｌspendｉngｏnsｏｃialsciｅncesandtｈehuｍanitiesasaperｃeｎtａgeofallrｅsearｃｈａｎｄｄeveｌoｐmｅntfunds-incｌｕdｉngｇovernmenｔ,hiｇｈereducａtion,nｏｎ－pｒofitaｎdcoｒｐoratｅ-ｖaｒiedｆromarouｎｄ４%to2５%;inmostＥuｒopｅａnnaｔiｏｎs,itisaboｕt15％.SｅｃtｉonIＩITranslatioｎﻫ46.Dirｅctiｏnｓ:

ReａdｔheｆｏllｏｗingｔextcａrefullyａndtｈeｎtransｌatetｈeunｄｅrlｉnedseｇmentｓiｎtoChiｎｅse．ＹouｒtｒansｌａtiｏnshouldbewrittenｃｌearｌyoｎＡNSWERSHＥEＴ2．(10ｐoｉnts)Itiｓspeｃulatedthatgａｒdensariｓefｒoｍａbａｓｉcneedintheｉndiｖｉdualｓwhｏmadｅtｈｅm:tｈenｅedforcreaｔiveexpressioｎ.Thｅreisnｏｄoubtｔｈatｇardensｅvidenceanｉmｐoｓｓibleurgｅtocreａｔe,exｐress，fashｉoｎ，andbｅauｔｉfｙandｔｈatseｌf-exprｅssioｎisａbasiｃhｕｍaｎurｇe;（4６)Ｙetwhenoneloｏｋsａｔthephｏtｏgｒａｐhsofｔｈegaｒdencｒeatｅdbythehomeless,itsｔrikesoneｔhat,ｆｏｒaｌｌthｅｉrdiversityofstyleｓ，ｔheｓｅｇaｒdenｓsｐeakofｖariousotheｒfundamentalurgｅｓ,beyonｄthatofdeｃｏratioｎａnｄcreatｉveｅxprｅｓｓion.Ｏneoftheseuｒgeshadtoｄowｉｔhcreatingaｓｔateofpeａｃeinthｅmidｓtｏfｔurｂulence,a“stilｌpointofthｅturｎiｎｇｗorlｄ,”toｂorｒowａphｒaｓeｆromT.Ｓ.Elioｔ．（4７)Asacredｐlacｅｏfｐｅace,hoｗｅveｒcｒｕdeitmayｂｅ，isadｉｓtinctlｙhumanneeｄ,asoｐposedtosｈelter，whichisadiｓｔiｎcｔlyanｉmalneed.Ｔhisｄｉｓｔinｃｔionissomuchsｏｔｈaｔｗherｅｔhelａtterｉslacking,asｉtiｓfortｈｅseｕnlikｅlygarｄens,thefｏrmeｒbecomesallthemoｒeｕrgent．Coｍposureisasｔaｔｅｏfｍｉｎｄmａｄｅｐossｉｂlebｙthestructuriｎｇｏfone’srｅlａｔｉontｏone’senvironment．（４8）Ｔheｇardenｓoｆtｈehomeｌｅsｓwhichareiｎefｆectｈoｍeleｓsgaｒdeｎsintｒodｕｃefromiｎtｏanurbanenvironmeｎtｗherｅiteitheｒdidn’tｅxistorｗasｎoｔdiscernibｌeaｓsuch.Ｉnsoｄoiｎｇｔhｅｙｇiｖeｃomposurｅtoａsegｍｅnｔofｔｈeinaｒｔｉｃｕlaｔeenｖｉronmｅntinｗhiｃhｔhｅｙtａketｈｅｉrstand.Anotherurgeornｅeｄthaｔtｈｅsegaｒｄenｓaｐpearｔorｅspondto,ortoarisｅfｒomｉssointrinsiｃthatweaｒｅbａrelyevercoｎsｃiｏuｓofitsaｂidｉngclaimsonｕs.Whenwｅareｄeprivedoｆgreｅn,ofplanｔs,ｏftrees,(49)mostoｆｕsgｉvｅintｏaｄeｍoｒａlizａtionｏfspｉｒitwｈｉchｗeuｓuaｌlybｌameonｓoｍeｐsycｈｏlｏgiｃalcondiｔions，unｔｉlｏnｅdaywefｉnｄouｒselvｅsingarｄeｎａｎdfeeｌtheeｘｐressｉonvanｉshａsｉfbymagic.InｍｏｓｔofthehomelessgarｄensｏfNewYorｋCｉtytheacｔｕａlcultivatｉｏｎofplantsisuｎfeasibｌe,yetevｅｎsothecompoｓｉｔｉｏnsofteｎseemtoｒeprｅsｅntattemｐtstocａllarraｎｇementofmaｔｅrials,ａｎinsｔitutionofｃolors,smallpooｌofwａter,anｄafrequentｐreseｎｃeofpeｔalｓorleａｖｅｓaｓwelｌａsofsｔｕffedａｎimａlｓ.Onｄiｓplａyheｒｅarｅvariousｆantasyｅlｅmｅnｔswｈoseｒｅfｅrence,ａtsomｅbasicleveｌ,seｅmstobｅｔhenaｔuralwoｒｌd.(５0）Itisｔｈisimpｌicitorexpｌiｃｉtrefｅrｅnceｔonaｔurｅthatｆullyjｕstifieｓtｈeuseofwordgardenｔhoughｉna“libeｒaｔed”sense,ｔｏdｅscribｅtｈｅseｓynthetｉcｃonｓtrｕcｔioｎs．Ｉnｔhemwecanseｅbiophｉlia－ayeaｒniｎgfｏrｃontａcｔｗithｎｏｎｈumanlife-assuminｇuncannyｒepresenｔationalformｓ.SectiｏnIVWriｔｉngﻫＰarｔAﻫ5１.Diｒｅctｉｏｎs：ﻫWｒiteaｎｅ-mailofabouｔ1０0ｗordstoaforeiｇnteaｃheｒinyourcｏｌlege，iｎvｉtｉｎghｉm/ｈｅrｔobeaｊudgｅfoｒtheuｐcoｍｉｎgＥnglishsｐeechcoｎtest．ﻫYoｕsｈoｕldincludｅtｈedｅtａilsyouｔhinｋnecessary．

YoushouldｗrｉteneatlｙontheAＮＳWEＲSHEＥT2.ﻫＤonotsignyｏurownｎaｍeattheｅndofthee-mail,Ｕse"LiＭing"iｎstead.ﻫDonｏtwｒiteｔｈeaｄdrｅsｓ.(10ｐｏｉｎｔs)PaｒtBﻫ5２.Directions:ﻫWrｉｔｅａｎessayof16０-200wordsbａｓedoｎthefollowiｎgdrａwing.Inyouressayｙouｓhoulｄﻫ1）describethedraｗｉｎgbｒｉeflyﻫ2)ｅｘpｌaｉniｔsｉntendeｄｍeａnｉng,and

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１．A．grants

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