2023年英语四级真题及答案

２023年６月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Totalscｏrｅ:71０Toｔaｌtimeallowed:１25minutes特注：２02３年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。PartIWriｔiｎg(多题多卷写作题1)(30mｉnuｔes)Directions:Forthisparｔ,ｙouａrealｌｏweｄ30miｎｕｔestｏwriteaｓhorteｓｓay.Yoｕshouldｓtartyouressaｙｗithaｂｒiefｄesｃriptionoｆtheｐｉcｔureaｎｄtheneｘpresｓyouｒviewsontheimportancｅofdoｉngｓmallｔhingsbeforｅｕnｄｅrtａkingsｏmeｔhingbig.Yoｕsｈouldｗriｔeatｌeaｓt12０ｗordsbutnｏｍorethａn180woｒds.ParｔIWｒiting（多题多卷写作题2）(30minutes)Directions:Fortｈｉｓpａrｔ,ｙouａrealｌowed30ｍｉｎutesｔｏwriteａshortessay．Ｙousｈｏuｌｄsｔａrｔyourｅssayｗiｔhabｒiefdescrｉptionｏfthｅpictｕｒｅandthenｅｘpreｓsｙourｖiewｓonｔheimpoｒtａnｃｅofｒｅadｉnｇlｉtｅraturｅ．Ｙｏushoｕldｗrｉtｅatｌｅast120ｗordsbｕｔｎomoreｔhan18０woｒｄs.PａｒtIIReａdingComｐreheｎsion(SkiｍmingandScanning)(15mｉnutes)Direcｔions:Iｎthispaｒt,yｏｕwiｌlhａvｅ1５miｎｕｔeｓtogｏoverthｅpassagｅquiｃklｙａndａｎｓwertheｑuestｉonｓｏnAnswerSｈeeｔ1.Fｏrqｕestiｏns１-7,choosｅｔheｂestａnsｗerfromthefouｒchoｉcｅsmaｒkeｄA）,B）,C）andD）.Forqｕestiｏns8-10,compｌeteｔｈｅsｅｎｔeｎｃeswｉthｔｈｅinfｏrmatiｏnｇｉｖｅnintｈeｐａｓsａgｅ．CanDｉgitalＴｅｘtｂookTrｕｌyRｅｐlacｅtｈｅPｒintKind?Tｈeshortcｏｍingsoftｒadｉｔionaｌprinｔeditionteｘtbooｋｓaｒｅoｂvious:Forstartersthey’reｈｅａvy,withｔheaｖｅｒagephｙsicstextboｏｋweighinｇ3．6pouｎds.Tｈey’realsoexpeｎｓive,especiallyｗhｅnyoｕfａcｔｏrｉntheaveragecｏｌleｇestｕdｅnt’slｉmｉtｅdbudgｅt，ｔyｐicａllｙｃosｔinｇhｕndrｅｄsofdoｌlarsevｅｒｙsｅmester.Bｕtｔhewｏrsｔpartiｓthatｐｒintｖｅrsionoftextbooksａｒeconsｔantlｙｕnｄeｒgｏｉnｇｒevisions.Maｎyprofessｏｒsrequｉreｔhattheirｓｔudentsｕｓeonlｙthelatestverｓｉｏnsinｔheclassroom,ｅssentiallyreｎderingoｌｄｅrtexｔｓunusable.Foｒstｕdｅntｓ,ｉtmｅanstｈｅy’rebasicalｌystuckｗiｔｈafoｕrpounｄpａpｅr-weigｈtthａttheｙｃａn’tsｅｌｌbａｃｋ.Wｈicｈｉswhydiｇitａlteｘtbooks,ｉｆtheｙliveｕptotheirpｒoｍise，coｕldhｅlｐeasemanyofｔhesesｈｏrtｃoｍｉｎgs.Butｔiｌlnow,tｈey’ｖebｅensｏmethinglｉｋeamiｒａｇe(幻影)inthedistaｎce,ｍoｒeｌikｅahazy(模糊的)dreamthananaｃｔuａlrealｉty.Ｉｍaginethepｒoｍise:Ｃaｒrｙingａlｌyｏuｒｔextbｏｏｋsina1.3ｐoｕnｄiＰad?Ｉtsoundsａｌmosｔtoogｏodtobetrue.Bｕttheｒeareaｆｅwｐilｏtschoolsａｌrｅadymaｋiｎgthetranｓitｉon（过渡）ovｅｒｔodigｉtaｌbｏoｋs.UnivｅrsitｉeｓｌikｅCoｒｎelｌａnｄBrｏwnｈavejumpedoｎboard.ＡndonemedｉcalｐrｏｇramattheUnｉｖersiｔyofＣａlifoｒniａ，Ｉrvinｅ，gaveｔheｉrenｔｉreclassiPadswiｔhwhichｔodownloadtextbｏoｋsjustlastyeａr.Buｔnotallwereeagertｏｊumpaｂoaｒd.“PeoplｅweretirｅdofusinｇthｅｉPadｔｅxtbookbesｉdeｓuｓingiｔｆorｒeading,”saｙsKaｌｐitShａh,whowillbeｇｏｉngiｎtohｉssecondｙeａraｔIrvine’smediｃalpｒoｇramthisfａll．“Ｔheyｗeｒeｎ’tuｓｉngitａｓaｓｏuｒcｅofcoｍmuｎicationbecａｕsｅtheｙcouldn’treadorｗriｔｅinit.SｏathirｄoftｈｅpeｏplｅinmyprｏgrａmwerｅuｓｉｎgtheiＰadinclaｓｓtoｔａkｅnｏteｓ,tｈeoｔherｔhiｒdwereusiｎglａpｔｏｐsandthelastthｉrdwerｅｕsinｇｐapeｒandpencｉl.”Ｔhereasoｎiｔhasn’ｔcauｇhtonyet,hｅtellsｍe,ｉsｔhatthefunctionａlｉtyofe-eｄiｔionteｘtboｏksiｓinｃrｅｄiblylimited,andsomｅsｔudentsjｕstａｒen’tmotｉｖaｔｅdtoleａｒnnｅｗｓｔuｄybehavｉor．ButａnｅwappｌｉｃatｉoｎcaｌｌedＩnklingｍightｃｈangealltｈaｔ.Tｈecoｍpanyjusｔrｅleaseｄanupdａteｄversionlaｓtweek,andit’ｌlbeutilizedinover５０undergｒadｕａteandgraduaｔｅcｌassroｏmsthisｃomingschooｌyeａr．“Ｄｉｇitａltextｂｏokｓarenotgｏingtocａｔchｏn，”saysInklｉｎgCＥOMattMaｃlnnisasｈe’ｓgｉvｉngmeａdemo（演示)ovｅｒcoｆｆee.“WhaｔＩｍeａnｂythaｔｉsthecuｒrｅｎtperspｅctiveofthｅdｉgiｔaltｅxtbooｋisiｔ’sａｎeｘａctcopyｏftｈepｒiｎtbook.There’sCourseSｍart,etc.,thｅsegｕysｗhotａkeanyimaｇeofthepagｅandputiｔonasｃｒeen.Ifthat’showwｅ’redeｆiningdｉgｉtaｌtextbｏokｓ,thｅre’ｓｎohopeoftｈatbｅｃoｍiｎgamainstｒeａmprｏｄuct.”HecallsInklinｇａplatfoｒmｆｏrpubｌishersｔｏbuildrichmultimediaｃoｎｔenｔfrｏmthegroｕｎdｕp,ｗiｔhaheavyemphａsisｏnｒeal-wｏrｌdfuncｔｉｏnaｌitｙ.Ｔｈｅｔｒａｄitioｎａｌteｘtｂoｏkmerelyservｅsasａskeletoｎ.ＡtfirsｔglanｃｅInklingisanimpressｉveexｐerienｃe．Aｆｔerswipinｇ(敲击）intoｔheiPadapp(应用软件),whichyｏuｃａnｇeｔforｆｒeｅhｅrｅ，heｏpeｎsupaｆewdｉｆferｅnｔtypesofteｘtbooks.Upfirstisaｃhemistrybook.Ｔhｅｂoottimeisprettyｆａst,andheｎaｖｉgａｔeｓtｈrough(浏览）afewchａptｅｒｓｂeforｅswｉpiｎgintoafullyｒendered3Ｄmoｌeｃuleｔhａtｃanｂeｓpｕnaroｕｎｄtoｖｉewitsｖariｏuｓbuildingbｌｏcｋｓ.“Ｐublｉｓheｒsgiveusａｌｌoftｈesｏurcemedia,ａrtworｋ，videos，”ｈｅsａｙs,“Wehelpthemthinkthroughhoｗｔoａctuallｙｂｕｉldｓｏmeｔｈingforthisｐｌatｆoｒm．”Ｎeｘthｅpulｌｓupamusicｃomｐosｉtiontextbｏｏk,coｍpletewithpｌayａbledemoｓ.It’ｓalearｎingeｘpeｒｉencethataｔtaｃksyoｕfromｍulｔｉpｌesｅnｓorｙｄｉrections.Iｔ’sｃlｅarwhythiswｏuldbeｓｏmeｔhiｎgamuｓｉｃmajoｒwouldｌove.ＢuｔthemostｅｘcitｉｎgｐaｒtaｂoutInｋling，tｏmｅ,isｉｔｓnotaｔｉon（批注)syｓteｍ．Here’sｈoｗiｔworks！Ｗｈenｙｏuｐurcｈaseausedpriｎtｂook,iｔｃomeswiｔhitspreviousｏwｎer’shighｌｉgｈｔsandnｏtesinthｅｍarginｓ.Ｉtｕsesｔｈeexperiencｅoｆｓomeoneｗhoａlrｅadｙweｎｔthrouｇhtheclasｓtoheｌpimｐrｏveyourreａdｉng(hoｗmuｃhyouｔruｓteaｃhnotatioｎｉsｏbviouｓlyuptoyou).Butwiｔｈlｎkｌｉnｇ，youcａnhｉghｌｉghtapｉｅceｏfcｏntenｔａndmakeｎｏtes．Here’swheretｈｉngｓgｅtintereｓting,thouｇh：Iｆaparｔiｃｕlarlｙimｐortａｎtpasｓageishｉghlightedｂｙmultｉplelnｋlinｇuseｒs,thaｔinfoｒmationiｓstoredontheｃloudaｎdisaｖａilaｂｌeforanyonereａdiｎｇtｈesamｅtｅxtboｏkｔocｏmeａcross.ThatmeanｓusersｈａｖeaccesstonotｅsfromnotonlｙtｈeiｒclassｍａtesandFａcebｏoｋfrｉends,bｕtaｎｙonewｈopuｒｃhａsedtｈｅbｏokaｃrosｓthecｏuｎtry.Ｔhebｅstcommeｎtsａrethｅnsｏrｔeddｅmocraticaｌlybｙavoｔingｓyｓtｅm,meaniｎｇthatyoursｏciallearningeｘｐerｉeｎcｅisshaｒeｄｗitｈｔheｂｅsｔａndbｒightesｔthｉｎｋeｒs.Asaｂonｕs,proｆessorscanevenchimein(插话)oｎｄisｃussｉons．Ｔhey’llｂｅaｂｌetoanｓwerthequestiｏnｓoｆstｕdenｔswhoarｅｉntｈeirclaｓｓdirectlyviatheinteraｃtｉvebook.Oｆcｏurse，Inｋｌingａddrｅssｅssｅveｒaloftheothershｏrtcomingsintradｉｔioｎalprｉｎtaswell.Teｘ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Someonｅhavｉngaｃｏlｌegedeｇreeinaｄvertiｓinｇ.B)Soｍeｏneeｘpeｒiｅncｅdiｎbｕsineｓsｍanagｅｍent．Ｃ)Someoｎｅreadｙtotａkeｏnmoreresponsibｉlities.D)Ｓoｍeonewillinｇtｏworｋbeｙｏndreｇulaｒhｏurs.２4.A)Trａvelopportuｎitｉes.Ｂ)Ｈandsomepａy.C)Ｐｒｏspecｔｓforpromotｉon.D)Flexibleworkingｈoｕrs.25.A)Ｉtdｅpeｎdｓoｎthｅwｏrkinｇｈouｒs.B)Ｉt’saboｕｔ5０0poundawｅek.C)IｔwillbｅsｅtbｙｔｈｅHumanＲesources．D）Itiｓtobenegoｔiated.SectionBDirｅctions:Iｎthｉsｓeｃtiｏnｙoｕwillｈeaｒ３sｈorｔpassagｅs．Aｔｔheenｄｏfｅａchｐasｓaｇe,youｗiｌlhearsomequestｉoｎs．Boththｅpaｓsaｇeａndtheｑuestionswillbｅspokenonlyonce.Ａｆteryouhｅaraｑuｅstiｏｎ,yｏumuｓｔcｈｏosｅthebｅｓtａnswｅrfromtheｆｏurchoiｃesmarkedA),B),C)aｎｄD）.ThenmarｋthecorｒespondinｇleｔteronＡnswerSheeｔ２wiｔhａsiｎgｌeｌｉnetｈrｏugｈthｅcｅｎtre.ＰａｓsageＯneＱuｅstｉons26tｏ２9arｅbａseｄonthepaｓｓagｅｙouhavｅjuｓｔhearｄ.26.Ａ)Togｉveｃustoｍerｓawiderraｎgeofchoiｃｅs.B)Tomａkeshoppersｓeeａsmaｎyｉteｍsasｐｏｓsible．C）Tosｕpplｙasmａnyvarｉeｔiesofgoｏdsａｓｉtcan.D)Ｔoｇｉvesｐaceformoreｐｒｏｆiｔａbleproducts.２7.A)Ontｈetｏｐshelves.B)Ｏntheｂottｏmshｅｌves.Ｃ)Oneasilyaｃcｅｓsiblｅｓｈelｖeｓ．Ｄ)Ｏncleaｒｌyｍarｋeｄshelｖｅs．２8.A)Manyoftｈeｍｂuｙthｉnｇsonｉmpulｓｅ.B)Afewofthｅｍareｆatherswithbabｉeｓ.C)Amaｊoｒityoftheｍareyｏungcｏｕples.Ｄ)Oｖer６０%ｏfthemmａｋeshoppiｎgｌists.29.A)Sａｌesaｓｓｉsｔaｎtsproｍotiｎghｉghmａrgｉngｏodｓ.Ｂ)Sａlesａｓsisｔanｔｓfollｏｗinｇcustomersａｒound．C)Cusｔomeｒscoｍpｅtingforgoodbaｒｇaｉns．D)Cuｓtomerslosingallsenseoｆtimｅ.PaｓsａgeTwoQuｅｓｔｉoｎs3０tｏ３2aｒebaｓedontheｐaｓsagｅyouhaveｊusｔhearｄ.30.A)Teａchｉnｇmａtｈｅｍａticsataｓchｏol.Ｂ)Ｄoｉngresearchinａninｓtitｕte.C)Studｙinｇｆoｒacolｌegedegｒｅe.Ｄ）Ｗorkinginahigh-teｃｈcomｐany.３１.Ａ)Ｈestudiｅdthｅdesigｎｓoｆvaｒｉouscｈoｉces．Ｂ)Hedidexpeｒｉmｅnｔｓｔodiffereｎtｍaｔerｉaｌs．C)Ｈeboughtaｎalarmｃlocｋwithapigfａce.D）Heaskedｄiffeｒeｎtｐeoｐlefortheiropｉnioｎs.32.A)Iｔsａｕtomatiｃmeｃhanｉsm.B)Itsmａnuｆacturingpatｔerｎ.C)Ｉｔswayofwａｋinｇpｅopleup.D)Itｓfunny－lookingｐｉgfａce.Questｉons33to3５arebasedonthepassａgeｙouｈavejｕstｈｅaｒd.３３.A)It’ｓｏftｅncausｅｄｂｙachangｅofｃｉrcumstanｃes．B)Ｉtusualｌyｄoeｓｎ’ｔrequｉｒeａnyspecialattｅnｔｉon.C)Itusuaｌlｙappeaｒsallofaｓudden.D)Itｕsuallylastsfｏrsｅvｅrａlyeａrs.34.A)Ｔheycan’tmiｘwellwitｈoｔｈeｒs．B）Theｙｅｍotionａllyrｅceivｅtheirfriends．C)Tｈeydｅｐeｎdsｅverelｙonfamilymembｅrｓ.D）Theysharｅｓｉmilarｉｎteresｔswithfriends.35．A)Thｅylａckconsiｓteｎtsupportfrｏmｐeｅrs.Ｂ)Ｔhｅyｄoubttheirｏｗnpopｕlａrｉｔy.C)Theywereｂoｒnpsycｈoloｇｉcaｌlywｅak．D)Theyfｏcuｓｔoomｕchattｅntionontｈemｓeｌｖes．SectionCDireｃtioｎs：Ｉｎｔhisseｃtion，yｏuwiｌｌhearａｐａsｓaｇetｈreｅtimes.Whenｔhｅｐasｓagｅisreadｆorthefirsｔtime,ｙouｓhouldlistencarefullyfoｒitｓgｅneralidea.Whenthｅpassagｅｉsreadｆorthesｅconｄtimｅ,youａreｒｅquｉredtofilｌｉnthｅblaｎksｎｕmｂerｅdfrom36tｏ43withtheeｘaｃtwordsyouｈaｖejusｔheａrd.Forbｌankｓnｕｍｂeｒｅdfrom44ｔo46ｙouａrｅrｅqｕireｄtｏfilｌinｔhemissｉngiｎfｏｒmatioｎ.Foｒtheseblanksyoｕcaneitheｒｕsetheｅxacｔwｏrdsｙouｈavejusthearｄorwｒitedoｗnthemaiｎｐointｓinyｏurowｎwoｒds.Fiｎaｌｌyｗhｅｎtｈepassaｇeisreａｄfortｈethｉrｄtime,youshｏｕldcheｃkwhaｔyoｕｈavewriｔten.Ｔhereｗａsaｔimｅｗhｅｎａnypｅrsonalinｆormatｉonｔｈatwaｓgatｈｅredａboutｕswaｓtypedonaｐiecｅｏfpaperaｎd(3６）________ａwayｉnａfilｅcabinet．Itｃｏuldremainthｅreforｙearｓand,often(３7)_＿＿__＿＿_,neveｒreachtheoutｓidewｏrld.Thiｎgｓhavedonｅａcｏｍplｅteａbout-facｅsinｃｅtｈen.(38)________forthｅｃhaｎgehasbeentｈｅaｓtoniｓｈinｇlｙ(39)_____＿＿_ｄevelopmenｔinrecｅntyearsofthecomｐuter.Toｄay,ａnyｄatathatis(40)_＿＿＿___＿abｏutuｓinoneｐlaceorａnothｅr—andｆoroｎeｒeasonorａnotｈeｒ—canbｅsｔoreｄinacｏｍpｕterbank.Itcａnｔheｎｂｅeasｉlypasseｄtootheｒｃomｐｕｔerbaｎｋs.Thｅｙarｅｏwｎedbｙ(41)_＿_____＿anｄbypriｖａtebｕｓｉnｅssesanｄｃorporations,lending(4２）_____＿__,diｒectmaｉliｎgaｎdteｌemａrketｉnｇｆirms，creditbuｒｅaｕｓ,creditｃａrｄｃompanieｓ，andgｏveｒnment(４3)＿＿__＿___atｔheloｃal，staｔe，ａnｄfｅdｅrallevｅl．AｇrowiｎgnuｍberｏfAmerｉcaｎｓａreseｅinｇthｅａccumulａtｉonaｎddistｒiｂｕtioｎofcｏmｐuterizeddatｅasafrｉgｈteniｎｇinvasionoｆtheiｒpriｖacｙ.(44）__＿_＿_＿_________＿______＿___＿_＿_______＿＿＿___＿______＿＿___＿＿___________astｈeｃoｍputｅｒbecoｍesincreasingｌｙｅｆfｉciｅnｔ,eａｓｉertoopeｒatｅ，ａnｄlesscosｔlyｔopurchaseａndmaintaiｎ.Iｎ1９７0,anａｔionａlｓｕrveysｈowedtｈaｔ(４5)＿＿__＿__＿___＿__＿＿_＿__＿＿＿__＿_____＿_＿____＿______＿_____＿_＿＿_________＿＿＿＿.Seveｎｙearslatｅr，４7pｅｒcｅnｔexpressｅｄtｈesａmeworrｙ.(４6)___＿_＿___＿________＿＿_＿＿_____＿___＿______＿___＿＿__＿＿＿_＿_＿_＿_＿____＿_____.PａrtＩVReａdingＣomｐrehｅｎsion（RｅadingｉｎＤepth)（2５minutes)ＳectiｏnADｉreｃｔiｏns:Inthｉssｅctiｏｎ,therｅisapaｓｓagewithtenｂlanks.Youarｅreｑｕｉｒeｄtoｓelectoｎewｏrdforeaｃhbｌａnkｆrｏｍalistｏｆchoicesgivｅｎiｎawｏrｄbaｎkfolｌowingthepａｓsａge.Rｅadthｅpassagｅthrouｇhcareｆullｙbefoｒemａkiｎgｙｏuｒchoｉceｓ.Eachchoｉceinｔhｅbaｎkiｓｉdｅntｉｆiedｂｙaletｔeｒ.PlｅasemarkｔhecorrespondingｌetteｒfｏreachｉtemoｎAｎswerＳｈｅet2withaｓｉnglｅlｉｎetｈｒｏughtｈecｅnｔre.Yoｕmayｎｏtｕseanyofthewｏrｄsinｔhebaｎkｍorｅtｈanoｎce.Questiｏnｓ47to56aｒebasedoｎthefolｌｏwｉngｐassage.Walkｉng,ifyoudoitvigorｏｕｓlyeｎｏｕgh,iｓｔheｏverallbesｔexerciｓeforreｇｕlarｐhysiｃaｌaｃtｉｖity.Itrequｉresnｏeｑuiｐmｅnt，evｅｒyonｅknoｗｓｈowtodｏiｔａｎdｉtcarriesthe47riskoｆinjury.Tｈｅhumanboｄyｉsdesiｇｎedｔowａlk.Youcaｎwａlkｉnpａrksoralonｇａrivｅｒoｒinyｏｕrnｅigｈborhood．Togeｔ48benefｉtｆromwalking,aiｍfｏｒ45minutｅsａday,anaveragｅｏｆｆｉvedaysawｅek.Ｓtrengtｈｔrａｉnｉnｇisaｎothｅｒimｐoｒtant49ofphysicalactivｉty.Itsｐurpoｓeiｓtobｕildaｎd50ｂonｅaｎdmuscｌｅmass,bｏtｈofwhｉcｈshrinkwｉthａge．Ingeneｒal,youwillｗanｔtodoｓｔｒengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysａweｅk,51ｒeｃoverｙdａysbｅtweensｅssioｎs．Finaｌｌy，ｆlexｉbｉlityａｎdbalancetraｉnｉngare52importantastheｂodyageｓ.Achesａnｄpainsarehigｈｏntｈelistoｆcｏmplaｉntsinｏｌdage.Tｈｅresulｔｏfconstanｔｍｕsclｅｔeｎsｉｏnaｎｄstiｆfｎｅsｓｏｆjoｉnｔs,manyｏfthemaｒe53,andsimｐlefｌｅxibilityｔｒainingcan54ｔｈesｅｂymaｋingmusｃlｅsstrongeranｄkeepinｇjoinｔsluｂricａｔeｄ(润滑).Soｍeofthisyoudowｈeｎｅveryｏustｒｅｔch.Ifyouwatcｈdogsandcａｔs，yｏu’llgetanideaofhｏwnaturaｌitis．Ｔhegｅｎeral55ｉssiｍplｅ：wｈｅnｅverthebodyhasbeｅｎinonｅpoｓｉtioｎforaｗhｉle,itisgｏodtｏ56stretcｈiｔinaｎoｐpositｅｐosｉtion．A)allowingF)helpingK)preventA)allowingF)helpingK)preventB)avoidableG)increasinglyL)principleC)brieflyH)lowestM)provokeD)componentI)maintainN)seriouslyE)determinedJ)maximumO)topicSｅctiｏnＢDｉrｅctioｎs：Thｅreａｒe2paｓsａgesiｎthｉssectioｎ.Eacｈｐａssageisfｏllowedｂyｓｏmeqｕesｔionsoｒuｎfinishedstatementｓ.ＦorｅaｃhofｔhemthereaｒefourcｈoicesmａrkedA）,B),C)andD)．YoushoulｄdecideontheｂestchoiceandmaｒkｔheｃｏrrespoｎdiｎｇｌeｔtｅronAｎｓwerＳheｅｔ2wiｔhaｓｉnｇlｅｌinｅtｈroｕghtheｃentre．PaｓsageOneQuestions5７to61areｂasedontheｆollowinｇpaｓｓage.Junｋfoｏdｉseｖｅryｗhere．We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostｏｆusknｏwwｈaｔwe’redoinｇａnｄyetwｅdoiｔａｎyｗay.Ｓoｈeｒｅ’sasugｇestionｏｆｆeredｂytworeｓeaｒｃhｅrｓatthｅＲandCorpｏration：Ｗhyｎottａｋealesｓonfromaｌcoholcｏntrolpoliｃｉｅsandapplｙtｈemtowherefoodissｏldaｎdhowit’sｄispｌayｅｄ？“Manypolicｙmeasuｒestocoｎtrolobesity(肥胖症）aｓsumethatpeopleconｓciouslyandratｉonallyｃhｏosｅｗhatandhowmｕchtｈeyeaｔanｄtheｒｅfoｒefocusｏnｐrｏｖiｄinginfoｒmaｔiｏｎandmoｒeacｃesstｏheaｌｔhｉerfoods,”notｅtｈeｔworeｓearchｅrs．“Iｎcｏｎtrast,”therｅsearｃhｅrscｏntinuｅ,“mａnyｒeguｌａｔionｓｔｈatｄon’tａssｕmeｐeoｐｌeｍakｅraｔioｎａlchoｉceｓhaｖebeenｓucｃｅssｆｕlｌyａpｐlieｄtｏcｏntroｌaｌcｏhol,asｕbstance—lｉkeｆood—ofwhｉcｈimmoｄeratecｏnｓumptioｎｌeadstｏsｅｒioushealthpｒobｌｅms.”Ｔｈeｒesｅarcｈreｆｅrenｃｅｓsｔuｄieｓofｐeｏple’sbｅhａviorwiｔhfooｄandalｃｏｈolaｎdresultsofalcｏholｒｅstriｃtions，anｄtｈeｎlisｔsfiveｒｅgulatiｏｎstｈａtthereｓｅａrｃhｅrsthinｋmigｈtbepromisingiｆappｌｉeｄｔojunkfｏods.Aｍoｎgｔｈｅｍ:Ｄeｎsityresｔｒｉctions:ｌicenｓeｓtosellalcoｈｏlａren’thaｎdedoｕｔｕnpｌａnnｅdtoallcomｅrｓｂutarealloｔted(分派)basedonthenumbｅrｏｆplaｃesｉnａｎareａthaｔalreaｄｙsｅlｌalcohｏl.Thesemakealｃoｈoｌlesseasyｔoｇetandｒedｕcetheｎumberoｆｐsychoｌogiｃalcuｅｓtoｄrinｋ.Ｓimｉlarly,therｅsearcherssａy，bｅinｇprｅsentedwithｊunkfｏｏdstimulａtesoｕrdeｓiretoeatit.Sowhyｎotlimiｔtheｄeｎｓiｔｙoffoｏｄouｔletｓ,pａrtiｃulａｒlyｏｎｅstｈaｔseｌlｆoodricｈinemptyｃａlories？Andwｈyｎｏtlimitｓaｌeｏffoodinｐlａcesｔhataren’tprｉmａrｉlｙfｏodstorｅs?Displayaｎdsaｌeｓrestｒictioｎs:Calｉfｏrniahａsａruleproｈibｉtｉngaｌcｏholdｉsplaysnearｔｈecasｈregistｅrsingasstatｉons,andinmostplacｅｓyｏｕcan’tbuyalcｏｈolaｔｄrivｅ-throughfaciｌitｉes.Aｔsｕｐeｒｍarkets,foｏdcompaniespaytohaｖｅtheirwareｓiｎplacｅsｗherｅthey’rｅeasilyseｅｎ.Ｏneｃouldremｏｖejｕnkfoodtothebａckofthestｏreaｎdbantｈemfromthｅshelvesatchｅｃkouｔlines.Ｔheothermeasuｒｅｓｉncludｅrestriｃtｉｎｇportionsizes,ｔaｘｉngandｐrｏhibitingspecialpricedｅaｌｓｆorjuｎkfooｄｓ,ａnｄｐｌaciｎgwarｎinglabelsonｔheprｏducts.57．Whatｄoestｈeａutｈorsaｙaboutｊunkfoｏｄ？A）Peｏｐlｅshｏuldｂeeducatｅdｎottoeatｔoomｕch.B)Itiswiｄelyｃonｓｕmｅddespiｔeiｔｓiｌlrｅputａtｉｏn.C)Itｓtemptatｉonisｔoostrongforpeoｐletoｒesist.D)Itcaｕｓｅsmｏｒeｈａｒｍｔhanｉsgｅnerａllyreaｌizｅd.５8.WhatｄotｈｅRandｒesearchersthinkoｆmanyｏfthepｏlicymeaｓｕrestoｃontｒolobｅsity?A)Theyshoｕldbｅimpｌementｅdeffeｃtiveｌy．B)Tｈeｙprovｉdeｍisleａｄiｎginｆｏrmaｔion.C)Ｔhｅyarebasｅdonwroｎgaｓsumpｔionｓ.D)Ｔheyhelppeopｌemａkerationalcｈoices.59.Ｗhydｏpoliｃｙmaｋersofalcoｈoｌcontrolｐlacedenｓityｒeｓtricｔioｎs？A)Feｗｐeｏplｅａreaｂleｔｏresistａlcohoｌ’ｓteｍptations.Ｂ)Thｅrｅarealreaｄytoomaｎysｔoｒesｓelliｎｇalcohoｌ.C)Drｉnkingstrongａlｃｏhoｌcanｃauseｓｏciａｌpｒobｌems.Ｄ）Ｅａsyaｃcｅssｌeadｓtocustomerｓ’oveｒ－coｎｓumptｉｏn.60.WhaｔiｓｔhepuｒpｏseofCａlｉfoｒｎia’sruleaboｕtａlｃohｏｌｄisplａyｉｎgassｔａtions?A)Tｏｅffectｉveｌｙlimｉtthedensiｔyofalcoｈolouｔlets．B)Ｔoｈｅｌｐｄｒivｅｒsｔｏgiveupthehabitofdｒiｎkｉng.C)Toprｅvenｔpossｉblｅtrａfｆｉｃjamsinnearbyareａs.D）Tｏgetaｌcohｏｌｏutofdrivers’immediａｔesighｔ.61.WhａｔiｓthegeneralgｕideliｎetheRａnｄreseａrcｈerssuggestaｂoｕtjunｋfｏｏdcontｒoｌ？A)Ｇuidｉngpeopｌetoｍａkeｒａtionalcｈoiｃｅsaboutfoｏd.Ｂ）Enhancｉnｇpｅople’sawarenessoftheiroｗnheaｌth．C)Bｏrｒowｉngideasｆroｍalcoholcｏnｔrolmeasures.Ｄ）Rｅsoｒtingtoeconomiｃ，legalａndpsyｃhologicaｌmｅａns.PassageTwoQuｅｓtionｓ62to６6arｅｂａsｅdonｔhefoｌlｏwinｇpaｓsaｇe.Kodaｋ’ｓdecisiｏｎｔｏfｉｌefｏrbａｎｋruptcy(破产）protecｔionｉsaｓad，thoｕghnotunexpected,turninｇpｏintfoｒaｌeaｄingＡmericanｃoｒporａtionthａtpｉｏneereｄconｓumerｐｈotograｐhyanｄdominaｔedtｈｅｆｉlmmarｋetfｏrｄｅｃades,ｂutuｌｔimａtelｙfailedｔｏadapttｏｔhedigｉtalrevoluｔiｏn.ＡlｔｈoｕｇhｍanyatｔｒiｂuｔeＫodaｋ’sdownfalｌto“cｏｍplacency(自满),”tｈatｅxｐｌａnationdoeｓn’tacknow-lｅｄｇｅthｅｌeｎｇｔｈstowhｉｃhtｈecomｐaｎｙwｅnttorｅinveｎtｉtｓelf.Decａdesago，Koｄakantｉcｉｐａｔｅｄtｈatdigｉtaｌphotｏｇrａｐhyｗoｕlｄｏvertaｋeｆiｌm—aｎdｉnfaｃt,Kodａｋinventedtｈｅfirｓtｄｉgitalｃameｒain1975—butｉnafａtefuldecisiｏn,thecompanychoｓeｔoshelfitsneｗdiｓcｏverytｏfｏｃusｏｎitstｒadｉｔionalfilｍbuｓiｎeｓs.Iｔwasｎ’tthaｔKoｄakwasbliｎdtｏｔhefutｕre,saiｄRｅbecｃaＨenderson，aprｏfessoｒatHarｖardＫodａkisanｅｘampleｏfafｉrｍthaｔwasverymｕｃhａwaretｈattｈeｙｈaｄｔoaｄapt,andsｐentａlotofmoneｙtｒyingtｏdｏso,butｕltimaｔeｌyｆailed.Laｒｇecompaniesｈaveａｄｉffｉculｔtiｍesｗｉtchｉngｉｎtoｎｅｗmａrketsbecausethｅreｉｓａtemｐtatiｏnｔｏｐuｔｅｘｉstinｇaｓsetsinｔｏthenewbuｓinessｅs．AlthｏugｈKoｄakanticipatedtheｉneｖｉtａbｌeｒｉseofdｉｇitａlphotｏgｒapｈy,itscｏｒpoｒate（公司的）cuｌｔureｗastoorｏotediｎthesuccesｓesofｔｈeｐａstfoｒitｔomakeｔｈeclｅaｎbｒeakneceｓsaryｔofulｌyｅｍbｒacethｅfuture．Theyｗｅreacompaｎystuｃｋintime．Theｉｒｈiｓtorｙwassoimpｏrtanttoｔhem.Nowtheirhisｔorｙｈasbｅｃomeaｌiａbｉlity.Kｏdak’sdownfａlloverｔhelａstｓeｖerａldeｃadｅｓwaｓdraｍatic．Iｎ1976,ｐaｎycomｍaｎded90%ofｔhemarketｆorphｏtograpｈｉｃfilｍand85%oftheｍaｒketforcaｍerａs.Ｂutthｅ1９8０ｓｂｒｏugｈtneｗｃｏｍpeｔitionfromJaｐａneｓefｉlｍｃompanｙFujiPhoto,ｗhiｃｈundｅrminedKodakbyoffｅrinｇlｏwerpricesｆｏrfiｌｍandｐｈotosupplies.Koｄａk’sdecisiｏnnottopursｕｅtheroｌeofofｆｉciａlfiｌmfｏｒthe1984LoｓAｎgelesＯlｙmpicsｗａｓaｍajoｒmiｓｃａｌcｕｌaｔion.ThebidwentｉｎｓteadtoFuji,whicｈexploitｅditssponsoｒshｉptowｉｎapeｒｍanｅｎｔfoｏtholdinthemarketplace.62.WhａtｄｏｗeleａｒnａboｕｔKodａk？A）Itwｅntbankｒｕｐｔaｌlofａsｕdden.Ｂ)Ｉtisapｐroaｃhiｎgｉtsdｏwｎｆａｌl.Ｃ)Itｉnｉｔiａtedthedｉgiｔaｌrevolutioｎintheｆilmindustrｙ.D)Ｉtispｌaｙingadominanｔroleinｔhefilmmａrｋet.63．WhydoｅｓtheauthormentiｏｎKodａｋ’sｉnventionｏｆthefirsｔｄiｇiｔaｌcameｒa?Ａ)Tosｈｏwitｓearlyaｔteｍpttoreiｎveｎｔｉtself．B)Tosｈoｗitsefｆorttoovercoｍeｃｏmpｌaｃｅncｙ.C)Tｏsｈowiｔｓquｉｃｋａdaptationtothｅｄigitａlｒevｏlution．D)ToshｏwitswilltocｏmｐｅtewｉthJapan’sFujiphｏｔo.６４.Whydoｌarｇpanieｓhavedifficｕｌｔｙswｉtｃｈingｔonewｍaｒkｅts?A)Ｔheyfｉnｄｉtcoｓtlytoｇiveupｔheireｘｉstｉnｇassets.B)Theyｔｅｎｄtobeslowinconfroｎtingneｗｃhaｌｌｅnｇｅｓ.Ｃ)Tｈeyarｅunwilliｎgtoiｎveｓtiｎｎewteｃhnologｙ.D)Ｔｈｅｙａredeeplystｕckiｎｔheirglorioｕｓpast.65.WhａｔｄoeｓtheauｔhorsayＫoｄak’sｈisｔoryhaｓｂｅcomｅ?A）Abｕrden.B）Amｉrror．Ｃ)Ajoｋe.D）Aｃhａlｌｅnge.66.ＷhatwａsKodaｋ’sfataｌmiｓtakｅ?A)Itsbｌindfaｉtｈintrａditｉｏnａｌｐhotoｇｒaphy.Ｂ)ItsfaiｌuretosｅeFujiphoto’sｅmeｒgeｎｃe.C)Iｔsrefusalｔｏsponsorthe19８4Ｏlｙｍpiｃs.D）Itsovｅrｃonfｉdenｃeinitscoｒporａｔecultｕｒｅ.ParｔVCloｚe(1５mｉnｕtes)Dｉrectiｏns:Tｈｅreaｒe20bｌanksintheｆoｌｌowingpassagｅ.ＦoreachblanｋtherｅarefoｕrｃhｏｉｃesｍaｒｋedＡ）,Ｂ)，Ｃ)aｎｄD)．YoｕshouldchoosetheONEthatｂestfitsｉntｏthepassaｇe．ThenmarkthecｏrreｓｐｏndiｎｇletｔｅronAnswerShｅeｔ2withasｉnglｅlinｅthｒoughｔhecentrｅ.Wｈｅthｅryｏｕthinkyouｎeeddａytimereｓtornoｔ,pickingupａnap（午睡)habiｔisaｓmａｒt,healthymove．ThｅMaｙoCｌiｎicｓａysnaps67relａxatiｏn，betｔｅｒmooｄandalertness,ａndaｓharpeｒｗｏrking6８.Ａ2023Brｉｔｉshsｔuｄyfouｎｄthatｃomparedｔoｇettｉngｍorｅｎｉghttiｍeｓlｅｅｐ,aｍｉd-ｄayｎapwａsthｅbeｓｔwaytocope6９themid-afteｒnoｏnsｌeepｉneｓs.AccoｒdｉnｇtotｈeHａrvａ