上海市华东师大二附中2023学年高三下第一次测试英语试题含解析

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．OnthebusIsawastudent

Ibelievedwasyourbrother.A．who B．whomC．which D．whoever2．—Whatashame!Wemisunderstoodeachotherforsuchalongtime.—Yes,IwishI_____withyouearlier.A．communicate B．hadcommunicatedC．communicated D．wouldcommunicate3．Thereis________asafreedinnerinthisworld.Asthesayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”A．nosuchagoodthing B．suchnogoodthingC．nosuchgoodthing D．notsoagoodthing4．Hehasmadelittlepreparationfortheinterview,sothechanceofhimsucceedinginitis.A．slimB．fantasticC．obviousD．gentle5．—ThankyouverymuchforgivingmeahandwhenIwasintrouble.—Don’tmentionit.Ionlydidwhatanyoneelse_______inmyplace.A．mustdo B．couldhavedoneC．woulddo D．canhavedone6．Butforyourhelp,I__________theworkontime.IreallydonotknowhowIcanthankyouenough.A．wouldn'tfinish B．hadn'tfinishedC．wouldn'thavefinished D．won'thavefinished7．Teachingasacareeristomanypeopleowingtothelongholidays.A．popular B．familiarC．attractive D．fantastic8．Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybe______intogivingawayveryimportantpersonalinformation.A．caught B．addictedC．seized D．trapped9．_____thatitwassoldoutwhenitcameout. A．Sowashersuccessfulbook B．Sosuccessfulwasherbook C．Soherbookwassuccessful D．Sosuccessfulherbookwas10．—CanIpaythebillbycheck?—Sorry,sir.Accordingtotherulesofourhotel,thepayment______bemadeincash.A．shallB．needC．willD．can11．Youshouldsetagoalandsee________youcanachieveitinthecomingexam.A．which B．whatC．whether D．when12．Withthenumberofhomecomingoverseasstudents________upinrecentyears,theattractionofforeigndegreeholdershasgraduallyfaded.A．shot B．beingshotC．shooting D．toshoot13．Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.A．that;what B．what;/ C．which;that D．/;that14．---Sorry!I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotothemagicshowbyDavidCopperfieldwithyou.---.A．Itdoesn’tmatter.B．Doasyoulike.C．Whatashame.D．Takeiteasy.15．Themapletreesturnabrilliantredinautumn,addinganothertothecolorsintheharvestseason.A．theme B．versionC．category D．dimension16．---AlanseemsalottallerthanwhenIlastsawhim.---He.He’sgrownafootsinceyousawhiminShanghai.A．is B．willbeC．hasbeen D．was17．Richardsaveduphismoney______hemightgoabroadforhissummerholiday.A．incaseB．nowthatC．asifD．sothat18．－Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.Iamsurewewillwin.－________!A．Congratulations B．CheersC．Bestwishes D．Goodluck19．wegotherebytrainorbyshipmakesnodifference．Thetimeandthefeesarethesame． A．Which B．How C．Whether D．Why20．Whatimpressedmemostaboutthemoviewerethe________filmedinNewYork.A．scenery B．scenesC．sights D．views第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Silenceisunnaturaltoman．Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness．Inbetweenhedoesallhecantomakeanoiseintheworld,andhefearssilencemorethananythingelse．Evenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulsilence．Ifheisintroducedtoanotherperson,andanumberofpausesoccurintheconversation,heregardshimselfasafailure,aworthlessperson,andisfullofenvyoftheemptiestheadedchatterbox（喋喋不休的人）．Heknowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofafly,butheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure（蜡塑人像）．Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itistokeepupthebuzzingsound．Thereare,itmustbeadmitted,differentqualitiesofbuzz;thereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemadebyamosquito（蚊子）．Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson．Mostbuzzing,fortunately,ispleasanttotheear,andsomeofitispleasanteventothemind．Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaiteduntilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors．Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhumanbeingswish1:0talk．Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew．Someofthemarecontent．iftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople'sears,thoughtheyhavenothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenew,playsorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel．Attheendofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtime,theyjustprovethemselvestobesuccessfulconservationists．1、Accordingtotheauthor,peoplemakeconversationto.A．exchangeideas B．provetheirvalueC．achievesuccessmlife D．overcometheirfearofsilence2、By"thebuzzingofafly"（Para．1）,theauthormeans"_____".A．thenoiseofaninsect B．alowwhisperingsoundC．meaninglesstalks D．thevoiceofachatterbox3、Accordingtothepassage,peopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors___．A．aboutwhatevertheyhavepreparedB．aboutwhatevertheywanttoC．inthehopeoflearningsomethingnewD．inthehopeofgettingonwell4、Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Todiscusswhypeopleliketalkingaboutweather．B．Toencouragepeopletojoininconversations．C．Topersuadepeopletostopmakingnoises．D．Toexplainwhypeoplekeeptalking．22．（8分）JoyManganowas33anddivorced.Shehadthreekidsunderage7,andwasbarelykeepinguppaymentsonhersmalltwo-bedroomhomebyworkingextrahoursasawaitress.“ThereweretimeswhenIwouldlieinbedandthink,Idon’tknowhowI’mgoingtopaythatbill,”Manganosays.Buthehadaspecialabilityforseeingtheobviousthing.Sheknewhowharditwastomopthefloor.“Iwastiredofbendingdown,puttingmyhandsindirtywater,wringing(拧)outamop,”Manganosays.“So,Theresgottabeabetterway.Howabouta“self-wringing”mop?Shedesignedaspecialtoolyoucouldtwistintwodirectionsatonce,andstillkeepyourhandscleananddry.Shesetouttosellit,firstafewatfleamarkers.ThenManganometwiththemedia.Butwouldcouchpotatoes(电视迷）buyamop?TheexpertsonshoppingTVwerelessthancertain.Theygaveitatry,anditfailed.Manganowassureitwouldsellifthey’dletherdotheon-cameradisplay.Shesaid,“Getmeonthatstage,andIwillsellthismopbecauseit’sagreatitem.”SoQVC,amultinationalcorporationspecializingintelevisedhomeshopping,tookachanceonher.“Igotonstageandthephoneswentcrazy.Wesoldeverymopinminutes.”Todayshe’spresidentofIngeniousDesigns,amultimillion-dollarcompany,andoneofthestarsofHSN,theHomeShoppingNetwork.Talkingaboutthehouseholdinvention,Manganosays,“Itisasnaturalformeasitisforaparenttotalkabouttheirchild.”1、Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Mangano’ssmallhome.B．Mangano’sworkexperience.C．Mangano’sunhappymarriage.D．Mangano’shardlivingconditions.2、Manganosaidthemopsuccessfullywiththehelpof.A．HSNB．QVCC．couchpotatoesD．expertsonshoppingTV3、WhatdoesManganothinkofherinvention?A．Special.B．Normal.C．DissatisfiedD．Unbelievable.4、Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．HSNisabusinessorganizationthatsellsgoodsontheInternet.B．TheexpertsonshoppingTVwereconfidentaboutMangano'smop.C．Manganogottheideaofself-wringingmopfromherownexperience.D．Manganooncehadtoworksevendaysaweektosupportherfamily.23．（8分）ColumbusDayhasbeenonAmericancalendarssince1937,whenPresidentFranklinD．RooseveltdeclaredOctober12afederalholidaytohonortheItalianexplorerwho“discovered”theAmericasin1942.However,theholidayhasalwaysbeencontroversial.ManypeoplebelievethatChristopherColumbusshouldnotbegivencreditfor“discovering”thecontinent,sincenativeAmericanshadalreadybeenlivingthereforgenerations.Besides,theexplorer’smissionwasnotascientific“voyageofdiscovery”,butoneintendedtoconquerthenewland.CriticsmaintainthattheSpanisharmyColumbusbroughtonhissecondvoyage,causedthedeathsofhundredsofthousandsofindigenous(土著的)people.Thosethatsurvivedthemassacrebecameslaves,workinginmines.Many,therefore,believethattheexplorer’sarrivalshouldnotbecelebrated.In1977,adelegationofNativenationsattheInternationalConferenceonDiscriminationAgainstIndigenousPopulationsintheAmericas,proposedrenamingtheholidayto“IndigenousPeople’sDay”.Theproposalpassedwithamajority.However,convincingtherestofthecountrytodothesamewasnotthateasy.Ittook15yearsbeforethecityofBerkeleyinCaliforniaadoptedthenamein1992andthen22moreyearsbeforeMinneapolis,MNandSeattle,WAdidthesamein2014.Thefollowingyear,eightmorecitiesincludingAlbuquerque,NMandPortland,OR,begancelebratingthesecondMondayofOctoberas“IndigenousPeople’sDay”.Themovementreallystartedtogainmomentumin2016when19cities,includingBoulder,COandPhoenix,AZ,aswellasthestatesofMinnesotaandVermont,alldecidedtorenamethedaytohonorNativeAmericans.In2017,21morecities,includingAustin,TXandLosAngeles,CAhavemadetheshift.WiththeincreasinglylargernumberofcitiesmovingawayfromColumbusDayeachyear,itwillbeinterestingtoseeif“IndigenousPeople’sDay”getsfederalrecognition.Meanwhile,itwillcontinuetobethefocalpointofdebatesthroughouttheAmericas.1、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．IndigenousPeople’sDayHasGotFederalRecognitionafterYears’WorkB．ColumbusDayHonoringtheItalianExplorerHasAlwaysBeenControversialC．ChristopherColumbusShouldNotBeGivenCreditforDiscoveringAmericasD．MoreCitiesHaveReplacedColumbusDaywithIndigenousPeople’sDay2、Manypeopledon’tagreethat.A．ColumbusdiscoveredthecontinentB．ColumbuswasaremarkableexplorerC．NativeAmericanswereabusedD．ColumbusDayisapublicholiday3、Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．ColumbuswaswellreceivedbyindigenouspeopleB．TheindigenouspeoplehatedtheColumbus’arrivalC．TheSpanisharmyrebelledagainstColumbus’ruleD．FewsoldierssurvivedtheattackbynativeAmericans4、WhichofthefollowingcitiesistheearliesttoreplaceColumbusDaywithIndigenousPeople’sDay?A．PortlandB．PhoenixC．SeattleD．LosAngeles24．（8分）Wehumansspendaboutone-thirdoflifeasleep.Sleephelpsusstayhealthy,anditalsohelpsourbrainremember.Ourbrainsneedgoodsleeptorememberwhatwedoandlearnduringtheothertwothirdsofourlifewhenweareawake.Besideskeepingushealthy,somenewresearchshowsthatagoodnight’ssleephelpsmakeusmoreintelligent.ResearcherattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhavefoundthatsleephelpsimprovebrainperformancebyshrinkingsynapsesinthebrain.Asynapseistheareawherecellspassmessagestoothercells.Cirelliisaleadingscientistattheschool’sCenterforSleepandConsciousness.Shefoundthatsleepiswhenthehumanbrainmixesinformationithaslearnedwhileawakeintoitsgeneralcollectionofknowledge.However,thebrainforgetsunimportantdetails.Thisforgettingisimportant.Itmakesspacefornewlearningandnewmemories.CirellisaidthattheCenter’sresearchbeganwiththishypothesis:Wesleepsothatourbraincanrepairandrefreshitself.Shesaidtheideaseemssimpleandreasonable.However,testinganddiscoveringhowitworkshasbeenextremelydifficult.CirelliandCenterdirectorGiulioTononihavebeentryingtoprovetheconnectionbetweensleepandthebrain’ssynapsessince2003.Cirellisaidtheresearchersknewthat“strongersynapsesarealsobigger.”So,theybegantheirstudyby“measuringthesizeofthesynapses”inthebrain.Theyalsoknewthatduringsleep,thebrainchecksonallitssynapsesandresetsitselfforthenextday.Theteamwantedtoseeifthesynapsesofthebrainarebiggerafterbeingawakealldayandsmallerafteragoodnight’ssleep.Synapsesareonlyabout20-40nanometerswide.So,theteamlookedforchangesinthesealreadytinyspacesbetweennervecells.Theteamhadlowailuntilimprovementsinlaboratorytechnologymadeitpossibletoseethesetinychanges.Cirellisaystheyfoundthatsynapsesizeandstrengthareupsetbybeingawakeandrestoredbysleeping.Shesaysoursynapsesshrinkasourbrainscleanthemselvesduringsleep.Wewakeuprefreshedandreadytofillthosesynapseswithnewinformation.1、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Sleepcanonlykeepushealthy.B．Sleepcanhelpourbrainfunctionbetter.C．Sleepcanmixalltheinformation.D．Sleepcantakeuptwo-thirdsofourlife.2、WhatdoesitrefertoinParagraph4?A．Themeasuringthesizeofthesynapses.B．Thespacefornewlearningandnewmemories.C．Thewayourbraincanrepairandrefreshitself.D．Theconnectionbetweensleepandthebrain’ssynapses.25．（10分）Dininginacompletelydarkroom,unawarewhat’sonyourplatewhilesittingnexttoacompletestrangermaynotsoundlikeanidealrestaurantexperiencebutit’scertainlyanintriguingwaytospendarainynightinLondon.DansleNoir,closetoLondon’sfinancialdistrict,isarestaurantfullofblindwaitersandwaitresseswhobecomeyoureyesaroundtherestaurant,whoseoriginalParisbranchopenedin2004.Inthebarwiththelight,youchoosewhetheryouwantthefish,meatorvegetable,butthedishesthemselvesremainasecret,asdotheingredientsofthe“surprise”cocktails.Bags,coatsanddevices(设备)thatlightup,includingwatchesandmobilephones,arekeptinthebar.Placingyourhandontheshoulderofyourguide,youareledtoatableinablackdiningroomthatsetsupto60people.Anditisdark.Thewaiterstellyouwhenthefoodisbeingplaceddowninfrontofyou,thenthefunbegins,tryingtogetfoodintoyourmouth,thenidentifyingjustwhatitisthat’sonyourplate,andfinallywhetheryouhavemissedanyofit.It’salsoagreatchancetobreaksocialconventionandeatusingyourfingers.Thosesamefingersarealsotheonlywayyoucantellhowmuchwineyou’repouringintoyourglass.Thehappyatmosphereinthediningroomalsomadethenightmemorable.Youcan’treallyavoidtalkingtothepersonnexttoyouatthelongtablesandguessingwhatthedishesarecertainlyprovidesadequatefuelfortheconversations.Allwillberevealedattheendofthemealwhenyouareledbackoutintothelitbar.Notonlydoyoufinallygettoseewhatyou’vejustbeeneatingbutalsowhoyou’vebeentalkingtoforthelast90minutes.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intriguing.”inthefirstparagraphmean?A．Terrible. B．Interesting.C．Expensive. D．New.2、Accordingtothetext,“DansleNoir”__________.A．isfarfromLondon’sfinancialdistrictB．hasitsfirstbranchopenedinBritainC．isverypopularamongblindcustomersD．hasadiningroomwhichcanseatupto60people3、Weknowfromthetextthatthecustomersin“DansleNoir”_________.A．areforbiddentoeatwiththeirfingersB．cantalktothestrangersattableC．willlookatthemenuinadarkbarD．cantaketheirmobilephonesintothediningroom4、What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tohelpblindpeoplefindajobinrestaurants.B．Toshowhowtoopenarestaurantwithanewidea.C．Toshowhowtoenjoythetimeinadarkrestaurant.D．Tointroduceandattractcustomersto“DansleNoir”.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Itwasmyfirstyearofgraduateschoolandmyprofessorwasstandingontheplatform.Hewastellingusabouta1hemadeyearsago.Aboutadecadeearlier,myprofessorhadbeenasalesmanageratalargecompany.Theywere2anationalcampaignandpreparingforamajorbrandlaunch.Myprofessorwas3theoperation.Foralmosttwomonthsbeforethelaunchday,hewas4alloverthecountrytotalkwithmajorpartners.5crossingthecountryonflights,hewasalsotryingto6hisdepartment.Forweekshewouldhavemeetingsallday,answer7andphonecallsallnight,and8threeorfourhoursofsleep.Theweekbeforethebiglaunchday,hisbody9.Hehadtoberushedtothehospital.Majororganshadstartedto10fromthelong-termstress.Hespentthenexteightdaysinhospital,11todoanythingasthelaunchdaycameandwent.Imaginethatyour12andenergyareabucketofwater.Inyourdailylife,therearethingsthat13yourbucketup.Theseareinputslikesleep,nutrition,laughter,andotherformsof14.Therearealsoforcesthatdrain(使排出)thewaterfromyourbucket.Theseare15likestressfromworkorschool,relationshipproblems,orotherformsofanxiety.Theforcesthatdrainyourbucketaren’tall16.Toliveaproductivelife,itcanbeimportanttohavesomethings17outofyourbucket.Workinghardinthegym,atschool,orattheofficeallowsyoutoproducesomething18.Butpositiveoutputsarestilloutputsandtheydrainyourenergy19.Theseoutputsaregradual.Evenalittleleakcanresultinsignificantwaterloss20time.1、A．prediction B．decision C．fortune D．mistake2、A．attheendof B．inthemiddleof C．atthemercyof D．onthewayto3、A．sponsoring B．leading C．assisting D．adopting4、A．researching B．driving C．flying D．inspecting5、A．Before B．Though C．While D．Since6、A．run B．promote C．expand D．observe7、A．emails B．charges C．problems D．doors8、A．pullin B．squeezein C．takein D．bringin9、A．giveup B．givein C．giveout D．giveaway10、A．disappear B．suffer C．function D．fail11、A．ready B．unwilling C．eager D．unable12、A．health B．status C．success D．reputation13、A．break B．pack C．fill D．cover14、A．rest B．recovery C．entertainment D．accommodation15、A．restrictions B．consequences C．examples D．outputs16、A．uncontrollable B．unpredictable C．uncomfortable D．unfavorable17、A．flowing B．slipping C．escaping D．growing18、A．typical B．valuable C．casual D．exotic19、A．suddenly B．surprisingly C．partly D．thoroughly20、A．over B．beyond C．after D．before第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwithproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Doyouknowhow1．iswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons（神经元）inourbrains.2．(put)simply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhat3．weseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitateit,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabout4．welearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoes5．(far)：mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Recently,researchers6．(find)thatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthat7．theygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggered8．whentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfully9．(function).However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders．Researchdoesmirrorthatneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevenmoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract.Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalentforneuroscienceofwhatEinstein’stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurge10．(cough)inthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes-well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy．第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处