八年级英语下册1·2单元知识点汇总

Unit1What'sthematter?一、基础知识1.What'sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/'m^t(r))/n.问题；事情What'sthematterwithyou?=What'sthetroublewithyou?=What'swrongwithyou?你怎么了？【注】：matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：What'sthematterwithsb.?=What'syourtrouble?=What'sup?=Whathappenstosb.?—What'sthematterwithyou?—Ihaveabadcold.Ihadacold.我感冒了。haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼，肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛muchtoo+形容词，意为太，toomuch+名词，意为很多，大量。enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。goodenough足够好enoughmoney=muchmoneyliedown躺下，lie躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式liedmaybe—或许常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe,是情态动词+be的结构，意为一可能，也许II，后加名词、代词或形容词。Hemaybeangry.soundlike+名词代词和从句：Itsoundslikeyoudon'tknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词，一听起来，好像IThemusicsoundsnice.need需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；needtodosth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作:Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.needdoingsth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.getoff(thebus)下(公交车)geton上车agree同意，赞同；agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意见如：IagreetoLiLei.agreetodosth.同意去做某事trouble问题，麻烦；beintrouble遇到麻烦，maketrouble制造麻烦，havetrouble(in)doingsth.=havedifficulties(in)doingsth做有麻烦。rightaway=rightnow=atonce，意为马上。advice［不可数名词］劝告，建议，向…征求意见，givesb.adviceonsth.就某事给某人建议；advise［动词］advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事advisesb.doingsth.【复习】exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为一练习"时，为可数名词即可加s当exercise意为一锻炼H时，为不可数名词即不加shurt及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.不及物动词，(部位)疼。Hisleghurtbadly.cleanclean【动词】打扫，cleantheclassroom打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner意为清洁工。hit(用手或器具)打；击打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；heface/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.get/becomeusedtosth./doingsth.—变得习惯，逐渐适应H强调过程、动作：It'sdifficultforonetogetusedtoanothercountry'shabit。【复习】free［形容词］空闲的freetime；免费的thedrinkisforfree；自由的丨wanttobecomeafreebird.free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：Hecouldnotfreehisarm.runout用完，用尽Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.runout.某物用尽了。人sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.risktakearisk=takerisks冒险theimportanceof(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.importancen.重要(性)，importantadj.重要的，unimportantadj.不重要的decision【名词】决定；抉择；makeadecision做决定;makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.。beinthecontrolof…掌管，管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol无法控制，无法管理beundercontrol被控制住，在控制之中【复习】mind意为介意，minddoingsth.介意做某事，Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?giveup（doing）sth.放弃（做）某事，giveup（playing）computergames；giveup后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如：Nevergiveupeasily.重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：Sheisn'tquiteherselftoday.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如:SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.#用在某些固定短语当中。lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴，过得愉快helponeselftosth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurtoneself摔伤自己saytooneself自言自语leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下buyoneselfsth.给自己买东西introduceoneself介绍……自己【提醒】反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.（正）Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.反身代词表示一某人自己"不能表示一某人的东西因为它没有所有格的形式。表达一某人自己的（东西）H时，须要用one'sown.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I'mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.（正）I'mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks一、基本知识点sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Marycouldnotcomebecausesheissick.也可作定语asickchild【区别ill］ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Marycouldnotcomebecausesheisill.cheer（sb.）up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.giveout分发；散发，相当于handout，Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意为把某物分发给某人。volunteer【名词］志愿者【动词］义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteertodosth.自愿做某事，Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogram.usedtodosth.过去/曾经（常）做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.这里曾有一个照相机。Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。2.alone【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.careforsb./sth.照顾；照料caref【名词】小心，关心takecareof=lookafterf【动词】careaboutsb./sth.关心，在意某人/事f【形容词】careful仔细的/careless粗心的f【副词】carefully仔细地such—这样的，这种，如此用于修饰名词fsuch+a/an+形容词+单数名词=$。+形容词+a/an+单数名词：suchagoodday=sogoodaday多么美好的一天suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比赛fsuch+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建议suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物f如果名词前被many,much,few,little修饰时，只能用so,而不用such：somanysickchildren/solittletimetryoutfor…参加…选拔，争取成为…ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.tryout试用，试验journey【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travelaroundtheworldf【名词】traveler旅行者【复习】bebusywithsth.忙于（做）什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于（做）什么事情【复习】trydoingsth.试着去做某事trytodosth.尽力去做某事tryone'sbest（todosth.）尽某人最大的努力去做某事【复习】beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人、某事raisemoney集资，筹钱；raisemoneyfor…为筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持【形容词［broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。makeitpossible（forsb.）todosth使（某人）做某事成为可能，YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.makeit+形容词（+forsb.）todosth.使（某人）做某事成为…；think/findit+形容词todosth.makeadifferenceto…对有影响