高级英语unit12-I-have-a-dream我有一个梦想

Unit12IHaveaDreamMartinLutherKingJr.WarmingupDictionaryWorkmomentous---veryimportant(event,change,decree;officialdecision,order,etc)dramatize---makesomethingmorenoticeable;highlight;expressoneselfinadramaticorexaggeratedwaypromissorynote---officialdecision,order,decreedefault---failtopaymoneyattherighttime;failtofulfillorsatisfyanengagement,claim,orobligationvault---aroomwiththickwallsandastrongdoorwheremoney,jewels,etc.arekepthallowed---holy;sacred;importantandrespectedbyalotofpeopleDictionaryWork7.gradualism---thebeliefthatchangestakeplaceslowly,withoutsuddenandviolenttransitions8.devotee---averyreligiousperson9.ghetto---slum;apartofacitywherepeopleofaparticularraceorclass,especiallypoorpeople,liveseparatelyfromtherestofthepeopleinthecity10.trailsandtribulations---somethingdifficulttodealwith11.wallow---indulge(oneself)in(possessions,emotion,etc.)DictionaryWork12.creed---asetofbeliefsorprinciples13.nullification---officialstatementthatsomethingismadenullandvoid;ofnolegalforceBackgroundInformationAmericanDream---HistorianJamesTruslowAdamscoinedthephrase“AmericanDream”inhis1931bookEpicofAmerica:---TheAmericanDreamisthatdreamofalandinwhichlifeshouldbebetterandricherandfullerforeveryman,withopportunityforeachaccordingtoabilityorachievement.ItisadifficultdreamfortheEuropeanupperclasstointerpretadequately,alsotoomanyofusourselveshavegrownwearyanddistrustfulofit.Itisnotadreamofmotorcarsandhighwagesmerely,butadreamofsocialorderinwhicheachmanandeachwomanshallbeabletoAmericanDream

attaintothefulleststatureofwhichtheyareinnatelycapable,andberecognizedbyothersforwhattheyare,regardlessofthefortuitouscircumstancesofbirthorposition.---Andlaterhewrote:AmericanDreamhathasluredtensofmillionsofallnationstoourshoresinthepastcenturyhasnotbeenadreamofamaterialplenty,thoughthathasdoubtlesslycountedheavily.Ithasbeenadreamofbeingabletogrowtofullestdevelopmentasamanandwoman,unhamperedbythebarrierswhichhadslowlybeenerectedintheoldercivilizations,AmericanDream

unrepressed（未受抑制的）bysocialorderswhichhasdevelopedforthebenefitofclassesratherthanforthesimplehumanbeingofanyandeveryclass.TheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovement---1955–1968---ReferstothemovementintheU.S.aimedatoutlawingracialdiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericansandrestoringsuffrage（选举权）inSouthernstates.ManyofthosewhowereactiveintheCivilRightsMovementprefertheterm“SouthernFreedomMovement”becausethestrugglewasaboutfarmorethanjustcivilrightsunderlaw;itwasalsoaboutfundamentalissuesoffreedom,respect,andeconomicandsocialequality.---Duringtheperiod1955–1968,actsofnonviolentprotestandcivildisobedienceproducedcrisisTheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovementSituationsbetweenactivistsandgovernmentauthorities.Federal,state,andlocalgovernments,business,andcommunitiesoftenhadtorespondimmediatelytocrisissituationswhichhighlightedtheinequalitiesfacedbyAfricanAmericans.Formsofprotestand/orcivildisobedienceincludedboycotts,“sit-ins”,marchesandawiderangeofothernonviolentactivities.TheMarchonWashingtonInthesummerof1963,

whenthousandsofpeoplemarchontheWashingtonDChemadespeech---IhaveadreamWhydidMartinLutherKingfightforcivilrightsforblackpeople?Reasonsseparationofblacksandwhitesmixedracemarriagesforbiddennorighttovoteshopsrestaurantshospitalsbuses/trainsschools

WhatcivilrightsdidMartinLutherKing,Jrwantedblackpeopletoget?VotingrightsEqualrightsPoliticalrightsWhofoughtforthefreedomofblacks?JohnBrownHarrietTubmanMartinLutherKingNelsonMandela

Whodoyouthinkismorerespected?Racialdiscrimination

AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)the16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.HeendedtheslaveryintheUSAin1865.

MartinLutherkingA

freedom

fighterFast-readingOrganizationoftheTextTorevealthefactthattheNegroeshadbeengiven“abadcheck”withacontrastbetweenthepastandthepresent.(Paras.1-3)KingemphasizestheurgencyofthetasksofbeinggrantedwiththeequalrightsconfrontingtheNegroes.(Paras.4-5)Kingappealstothedemonstratorstoresorttothenon-violentmeansintheirstruggleandnottotakeallthewhitepeopletobetheirenemy.(Para.6)OrganizationoftheText4.Kingcallsonhispeopletopersistintheirstruggle.(paras.7-8)5.TodescribethedreamKingcherishesandthebeautifulscenethatwouldemergewhenhisdreamisrealized.(paras9-27)Listening

Careful-readingPara.2Cripple---V.damagesb.Orsth.Severelysothathe/itcannotmove/functionproperlye.g.Hisfallfromthecliffcrippledhimforlife.Atotalcut-offofoilsupplycrippledthecountry’stransportation.Languish---(1)beforcedtoremaininanunpleasantsituation.Apersonmaylanguishinjail,insolitaryconfinement,etc.

(2)losevitality,growweak.E.g.Plantslanguishbecauseofintenseheat.Para.2Anexileinhisown

land---Anexileisusuallyapersonforcedtoleavehisowncountry,oftenforpoliticalreasons.Theblacklivesinhisowncountry,buthelivesthelifeofanexile,oranoutcast.Para.4Americahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote---Americahasfailedtofulfillitspromisethatallmenwouldbeguaranteedtheunalienablerightsof…---defaulton---failtofulfillanobligatione.g.Ifyoudefaultonyourmonthlymortgagepayment,yourapartmentislikelyberepossessed.Para.4ThetranquilizingdrugofgradualismGradualismisapolicyofgradualreformratherthansuddenchangeorrevolution,soithasthetranquilizingeffect,i.e.acalmingorcomfortingeffect,andiseasierforpeopletoaccept.

Gradualismiscomparedtoatranquilizingdrug,becausegradualismdullsone’smindandmakesoneinsensitivetoinjusticeandinequality.Para.4Thequicksandsofracialinjustice---Racialinjusticeiscomparedtoquicksandsbecauseitbringsuntoldsufferingstotheblacksjustasquicksandssuckinanypersonrestingonorfallingintothem.Thesolidrockofbrotherhood---Brotherhood,aconditionorfeelingoffriendlinessandcompanionship,whichistheresultofsharedinterests,etc.iscomparedtoasolidrock,becauseitisindestructibleandeverlasting.

Para.5TheswelteringsummerofNegro’slegitimatediscontent…---Literally,swelteringsummermeansaseasonwhichisunbearablyhumidandhot,andinvigoratingautumnaseasonpleasantlyrefreshing.HeretheyareusedbyKingtocontrasttwoconditionsoftheblacks:atpresenttheyaresufferingunderunbearableoppressionbuttheyanticipateafuturewhentheywillenjoyfreedomandequality,whichwillenablethemtoliveamorevigorouslife.Para.6Militancy

战斗性Militarism军国主义Militant富有战斗精神的Military军事的Engulf---(ofanaturalforce)sweepoversth.soastosurroundorcoveritcompletely吞没；卷入；席卷；吞噬---Theworkshopwherefirecrackersweremadewasengulfedinflamesduringtherecentexplosion.Para.6asevidencedbytheirpresence---asshownbytheirpresence,inotherwords,theirpresenceservedasapieceofevidence---Evidenceismoreoftenusedasanounthanaverb,meaning“theavailablebodyoffactsthatgivesprooforreasonstobelievedoragreewithsth.”---Therewasnoevidenceofhispresenceatthemeeting.---Evidenceusedasaverbmeaning“beorshowevidenceof…”isoftenusedinthepassivevoice.---Thesuccessoftheproposalwasevidencedbytheunanimousapprovalfromtheparticipants.Para.9wallowinthevalleyofdespair---stayrelaxedinsstateofdespairorhopelessness---wallow(chieflyofanimals):rollaboutorlierelaxedinmudorwater;apig,abuffalomaywallowinthemud---wallowin(ofaperson):indulgeinanunrestrainedwayin(sth.Thatcreatesapleasurablesensation)---Iwantedonlytowallowinmyowngrief.我只想沉湎于自己的悲伤中。---wallowinginluxury,hesquanderedallhissavingsinnotime.Para.20Landofthepilgrim’spride---ThepilgrimsrefertothePilgrimFathers,orthepioneersofBritishcolonizationofNorthAmerica.Theywereagroupof102peopleledbyEnglishPuritansfleeingreligiouspersecutionwhosailedintheMayflower(nameofaship)andfoundedthecolonyofPlymouth,Massachusetts,in1620.Post-readingWhatcanwelearnfromMartinLutherKing?MartinLutherKingbravefreedomnevergiveuppeacefultruthDiscussionSummary

ashortbiography