2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语新高考卷Ⅰ(山东卷)

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试•新高考I卷（山东考卷）第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APOETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?Aplaneticket.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.AspecialT-shirt.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?Typingyourpoemout.Writingapoemof120words.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.MailingyourentryonOctober30.BJenniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves：nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jenniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtoearnherdegree：Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy."Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,"shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat'sprettypowerful.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?Totakecareofherkidseasily.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.Tosavemoneyforherparents.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?Herhealth.Hertimewithfamily.Herreputation.Herchanceofpromotion.WhatcanwelearnfromJennifer'sstory?Timeismoney.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.Hardworkpaysoff.Educationisthekeytosuccess.CInthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?Hisfriends'invitation.Hisinterestinthecountry.Hisloveforteaching.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?Developingaseriousmentaldisease.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?Tointroduceabook.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.Torememberawriter.Torecommendatraveldestination.DAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest：theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhatshe'shaving"effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?Foodsafety.Movieviewership.Consumerdemand.Eatingbehavior.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?Bigeaters.Overweightpersons.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.15.Onwhatbasisdowe"adjusttheinfluence"accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare.Howslimwewanttobe.Howweperceiveothers.Howwefeelaboutthefood.第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.16Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe"public"attheexpenseofthe"speaking."17Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People'sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage.So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit'satrulyseriousone.18Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.19Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.20It'sraretohearsomeonesay,"Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger."Ontheotherhand,youprobablycan'tcountthetimesthatyou'vethought,"I'mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!"Sosurpriseyouraudience.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.It'sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.Dotheopposite.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond21.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof22therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16，Molaibegantonoticesomething23happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe24itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.25,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He26thatitwasbecausethereweren'tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe27.Thesolution,ofcourse，wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek28duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe29departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand30anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.31youngplantsinthedryseasonwas32foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe_33ofeachsapling（幼树）abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto34rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip滴落）ontheplantsbelow.Molai35toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dreamB.jobC.homeD.choice22.A.natureB.youthC.cultureD.knowledge23.A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward24.A.wasteB.tensionC.painD.damage25.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise26.A.agreedB.realizedC.rememberedD.predicted27.A.noiseB.heatC.diseaseD.dust28.A.directionsB.partnersC.helpD.shelter29.A.laborB.policeC.forestD.finance30.A.rebuiltB.discoveredC.leftD.managed31.A.DecoratingB.ObservingC.WateringD.Guarding32.A.toughB.illegalC.fantasticD.beneficial33.A.backB.topC.footD.side34.A.cooldownB.keepoffC.purifyD.collect35.A.returnedB.learnedC.failedD.continued第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps，postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplantshistoricalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample,38(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection41(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine42(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity'sVikingsettlementisrecreated，andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical44(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete45people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华,上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括：参加人员；跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下；活动反响。写作词数应为80左右；请按如下格式作答。ACross-CountryRunningRace第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheMeredithfamilylivedinasmallcommunity.Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Manyoftheirfamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.Peopleweretryingtohelpeachothermeetthechallenges.Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.Sheknewtheyhadproblems,andtheyneededallkindsofhelp.Whenshehadtime,shewouldbringfoodandmedicinetothem.Onemorningshetoldherchildrenaboutafamilyshehadvisitedthedaybefore.Therewasamansickinbed,hiswife,whotookcareofhimandcouldnotgoouttowork,andtheirlittleboy.Thelittleboy—hisnamewasBernard—hadinterestedherverymuch."Iwishyoucouldseehim,"shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara."Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando."Aftertheirmotherlefttheroom,thechildrensatthinkingaboutBernard."Iwishwecouldhelphimtoearnmoney,"saidClara."Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.""SodoI,"saidHarry."Wereallyshoulddosomethingtoassistthem."Forsomemoments,Johnsaidnothing,but,suddenly,hesprangtohisfeetandcried,"Ihaveagreatidea!Ihaveasolutionthatwecanallhelpaccomplish完成）."Theotherchildrenalsojumpedupallattention.WhenJohnhadanidea,itwassuretobeagoodone."Itellyouwhatwecando,"saidJohn."YouknowthatbigboxofcornUncleJohnsentus?Well,wecanmakepopcorn（爆米花），andputitintopaperbags,andBernardcantakeitaroundtothehousesandsellit."注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。WhenMrs.MeredithheardofJohn'sidea,shethoughtitwasagoodone,tooWitheverythingready,Bernardstartedoutonhisnewbusiness.新高考I卷（山东考卷）答案答案速查：第一部分阅读5ACBCA6—10BCBDB15ADDAC16—20GACBD第二部分语言运用21—25CACDA26—30BBDCB31—35CABDD36.wealthy37.or38.formed39.which/that40.arecalled37.41.is42.themselves43.walking44.accuracy45.for第一部分阅读第一节A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——广告——参赛须知文章大意：本文是一则参赛须知，就比赛宗旨、奖项设置和参赛规则给出了相关信息。A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据Prizes部分的3GrandPrizes中的"foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice"可知，对特等奖获得者来说，他可以带自己的父母中的一个人且可自选另一个人参加这次免费的旅行，故选A。【干扰项分析】有的学生只看到文章中的"foreachofthreewinners"，没有对应题干中的"eachgrandprizewinnertake"，从而误选。C【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据Prizes部分的50HonorableMentions中的内容可知，评委选出的50名荣誉奖获得者会获得一件T恤衫。B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据Rules部分的第一条规则可知，参赛作品的字数不得超过100词，所以B项中提到的"一首120词的诗作"是违规的。【干扰项分析】根据第二条规则可知，参赛作品可以手写，也可以打印，且纸的两面都可以使用，A项和C项表述不违规；根据最后一条规则可知，稿件在10月31日之前寄出，D项表述不违规。【背景知识】阿梅莉亚•埃尔哈特（AmeliaEarhart，1897年7月24日到1937年7月2日失踪，1939年1月5日被宣布逝世）是一位著名的美国女性飞行员和女权运动者。埃尔哈特是第一位获得十字飞行荣誉勋章的女飞行员、第一位独自飞越大西洋的女飞行员。她还创了许多其他纪录，她将她的飞行经历写下后出版的书非常畅销。她帮助建立了一个女飞行员组织。1937年，当她尝试全球首次环球飞行时，在飞越太平洋期间神秘失踪。【词汇积累】grandprize特等奖；大奖round-tripa/往返的，双程的honorablemention荣誉奖disqualificationn.取消资格formatn.（出版物的）版式，开本；格式entryn.参赛作品；竞赛答题B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——完善自我文章大意：本文介绍了JenniferMauer在各种不利因素下，不管身处哪一年龄阶段仍然坚持学习的事迹，她的经历告诉我们，一个人的努力付出是会有回报的。C【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第二段第三句中的"Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）...acollegeeducation'可知，Jennifer在高中毕业之后上了一个工学院，上学期间的学费是自己打工挣来的，因为家里没有余钱供她上学。【干扰项分析】有的同学会误选D项，但是第二段最后一句话只是说Jennifer在毕业找到工作之后帮助弟弟妹妹支付学费，并不是教他们学习。A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第三段中的"Jennifernowismarriedand...becauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome...helpwithherkids"可知，Jennifer在婚后要照顾三个孩子，但是又想在事业上深造，为了两者兼顾，所以选择了离家较近的UW-EauClaire"项目，以期在学习的同时照顾到孩子，所以选择A项。【干扰项分析】有的同学选择D项，是对第三段第二句中的"bettersupportherfamily"的曲解，她深造后很有可能会获得更好的工作让家里的经济情况得到改善，但并不是说在学习之地找到工作，所以D项中的"there"是明显的错误。B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第四段第二句中的"givingupmanynightswithherkidsand...betweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers"可知，Jennifer为了达成目标牺牲了很多，主要体现在为了学习在很多个晚上没有办法照看和陪伴孩子，所以选择B项。C【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】文章介绍了Jennifer在家境困难的情况下依靠自己完成了学业，在婚后既要照顾家庭还想深造的情况下努力付出，最终实现了目标，她的经历表明一个人的努力付出是会有回报的，所以选择C项。【词汇积累】Para.1:bearfruit取得成果；成功Para.2:setaside省出，留出（钱或时间）Para.3:advancevt.促进；推动Para.4:standingn.地位；名声Para.4:witnessvt.见证【难句分析】Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(学费)，becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(Para.2)分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句中的"workingtopayhertuition"是现在分词短语作状语表示伴随；because引导的是原因状语从句，从句使用的是'therebe"句型，句中的"setasideforacollegeeducation"是过去分词短语作后置定语。译文：中学毕业之后，Jennifer上了一所工学院，自己打工以支付学费，因为当时家里没有余钱供她上大学。C语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——文化——一本关于旅行见闻的书文章大意：曾在乌兹别克斯坦当过志愿者的TomBissell出于对这个国家的兴趣几年后再次回到这里，并写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻。本文对这本书进行了简要介绍。B【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistan"可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，故B项符合题意。D【命题意图】考查代词指代。【答案分析】根据第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea'可知，Tom回至U乌兹别克斯坦的目的本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词"that"指代上文中提到的"写文章"这件事。B【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety"可知，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。eventful意为"充满大事的，多变故的"，符合文意。A项在文中没有体现，C项与D项表述片面，故选B。A【命题意图】考查写作意图。【答案分析】文章开头引出TomBissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者推荐这本书，所以选A项。【词汇积累】Para.2:henceadv.由此Para.3:suspectvt.怀疑Para.4:insightn.洞察力，领悟；洞悉，了解delicateadj.脆弱的；虚弱的；纤细的reportagen.新闻报道，报道文体【高级句式】Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.分析：本句中含有两个非限制性定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词是thisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia是thisbook的同位语，which弓［导定语从句并在句中作主语；第二个定语从句的先行词是Karakalpakstan，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导该定语从句。D语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我——健康知识——同伴影响饮食习惯文章大意：研究表明，与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的饮食习惯，想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。D【命题意图】考查主旨大意。【答案分析】通读全文可知，文章第一段为全文的主题段，即《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了饮食行为，故D项正确。D【命题意图】考查词义猜测。【答案分析】根据第一段第二句"Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid"可知，研究表明，与现存的研究发现（应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭）相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据"contraryto"可知，画线词与heavierpeople含义相反，故D项正确。A【命题意图】考查细节理解。【答案分析】根据第二段中的"Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments'可知，为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知，聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响，故A项正确。C【命题意图】考查推理判断。【答案分析】根据尾段中的"Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI...becauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits"可知，如果这个同伴打算吃得更多，我也会吃得更多；但是，我们将调整影响。如果一个超重的人吃了很多，我会稍微保留一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。据此可以推知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果（即如何看待他人）为基础的，故C项正确。【词汇积累】Para.1：consumptionn.吃，喝；（能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量contraryto与……相反Para.3：versionn.版本significantlyadv.明显地，显著地【高级结构】Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.（Para.5）分析：该句中，If引导条件状语从句，sowillI用了倒装语序，"so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语"表示"……也一样"，表示前面所述情况也适合该主语。第二节语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通——如何成为演说家语境概述：本文主要介绍了成为受人欢迎的演讲者的几个规则，即注意和听众互动，在有小错误时应继续往下讲，不断练习等。G上文提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋；下文陈述了成为演说家的规则；据此可以判断，空处起承上启下的作用，说明普通人经过训练也可以成为演说家，故G项正确。A根据上文可知，很多时候，当你站起来演讲时，你会把注意力放在"听众"身上，而不是"演讲"上；下文提到要把注意力放在演讲上，直接和你的听众交谈，做你自己、建立联系。据此可以判断，空处与上句构成转折关系，故A项正确。C根据上文中的"So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit'satrulyseriousone"可知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小错误无需道歉，故C项正确。B根据上文中的"Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker"可知，你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家。据此可知，空处与此对应，说明自己的目标是要成为高效的演说家，故选B项。D根据全文结构可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合下文中的"It'sraretohearsomeonesay,‘Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger.'""Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated"可知，本段讲述的主要内容是使你的演讲短一些，故D项最能概括本段内容。第二部分语言运用第一节语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自然——人与动植物——为保护动物而种树行文脉络：本文讲述Molai在16岁时发现由于洪水的破坏，他的家乡鸟和蛇的数量减少，于是他开始寻求解决方法。发现种树可以解决问题后，他坚持种树多年，为动植物建造了一个家园。C文章首句提到Molai在一个小村庄长大，结合语境可知，此处表示一些湿地变成了他的第二个家（home）。A根据上文提到的湿地和下文讲述的Molai为保护动物而种树可知，这里指的是在很小的年纪，他就知道了自然（nature）的重要性和美丽。C根据下文表述的洪水发生了，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知，这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的（disturbing）事情。D根据语境和空后的"itcaused"可知,这里指的是洪水带来的破坏（damage）。A空前提到鸟的数量减少了，空后提到蛇的数量也减少了，故此处用Besides（此外）。B根据语境可知，这里指的是他意识到（realized）这是因为没有足够的树。B根据下句中的"duringthedaytime"并结合常识可知，这里指的是没有足够的树去保护这些动物免受热（heat）的伤害。D根据空前的"planttrees"及语境可知，解决方法是种树，以便于这些动物在白天可以寻求到庇护（shelter）。C根据上文提到的解决方法是种树以及下文中的"forhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere'可知，他向林业部门求助。forest"林区，森林"符合语境。B根据空前的"Molaiwentlookingonhisown"以及空后的"anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees"可知，此处表示他发现了（discovered）—个附近的岛屿。C根据下文中的"Thewaterwouldthendrip（滴落）ontheplantsbelow"及语境可知，这里指的是在旱季给小树浇水，故用Watering。A根据空后的"foraloneboy"可知，对这个男孩来说，独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的（tough）。B根据下文中的"Thewaterwouldthendrip（滴落）ontheplantsbelow"可知,他是在每棵幼树的顶部（top）搭建竹台。D根据空前的"whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholes"和空后的"rainwater"以及"Thewater"可知，这里指用陶罐收集（collect）雨水。D根据空后的"toplanttreesforthenext37years"以及下文可知，他是在接下来的37年中继续（continued）种树。第二节语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——博物馆相关知识文章大意：本文介绍了博物馆的相关知识以及现在社会博物馆的开办情况。wealthy考查形容词。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。37.or考查连词。分析句子结构可知，untilitgottoobig和untiltheydied并列，同时结合语境可知，此处表示选择关系，故用连词or。formed考查一般过去时。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，同时结合上下文可知，此处的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故答案为formed。which/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语，先行词为theBritishMuseum,故此处用关系代词which/that。arecalled考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为Thepartsofamuseum，设空处为谓语动词，与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。41.is考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection，是单数形式，故此处用is。themselves考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故答案为themselves。walking考查v.-ing形式。分析句子结构可知，设空处与前面的livingatadifferenttimeinhistory并列，都作动词imagine的宾语，故此处用walking。accuracy考查名词。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词Historical可知,此处应用名词accuracy作主语。for考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是"为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐