初高中衔接之句子成分

初高中衔接材料句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语例如：ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.一、主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物，可以由名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动词ing，名词性从句充当。1Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.2Shewentoutinahurry.3Fourplusfouriseight.4Toseeistobelieve.5Smokingisbadforhealth.6Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.7Whathehassaidistrue.找出句中主语：1Thesunrisesintheeast.2Helikesdancing.3Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.4Seeingisbelieving.5Toseeistobelieve.6Whatheneedsisabook.7Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.二、谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征。分为简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成1Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.2Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词组成1HecanspeakEnglishwell.2Hehascaughtabadcold.3Shedoesn'tseemtolikedancing.三、宾语动作的对象或承受者----及物动词或介词的宾语。宾语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物，是动作的承受者，间接宾语指人，是动作对谁或为谁做的。1Hegavemesomebooks.2Heboughtmesomeflowers3Ilikemyjob4Iloveyou5Hewantedtoleavehere6Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.四、定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句1Heisacleverboy2Hisfatherworksinasteelwork3Thereare54studentsinourclass.4DoyouknowBetty’ssister?5Heboughtsomesleepingpills.6Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.7Hisspokenlanguageisgood.8Imetafriendonmywayhome.9.Thegirlinredishissister.10.Wehavealotofworktodo.11.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.12Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?13Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.五、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。1Iwillbebackinawhile2Theyareplayingontheplayground3Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.4HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain5Iwaitedtoseeyou.6Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus7Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.8Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.9Thisbookisveryinteresting.六、宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.1Ifoundthebookinteresting.2Doyousmellsomethingburning?3Hemadehimselfknowntothem.4Sheaskedmetolendherahand5Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful6Pleasekeeepthedagout.7Wemustkeepitasecret主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主语补足语1Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.-----Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.2Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.-----Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.3Wemadehimmonitor.----Hewasmademonitor.七、表语它是系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征，常见的系动词有：be,appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go等。注意：系动词不用于被动语态。1Theappletastessweet.2Thewarwasover3Theyseemtoknowthetruth4Timeisprecious5ThebookiswhatIneed八、同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况。1Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.2Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.3Heistheoldestamongthemfour.4Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.简单句的五大基本句型一、主语+谓语(不及物动词)[S+V]1Thechildrenareplayinghappily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。2Hestands.他站着。3Everybodylaughed.大家都笑了。4Wearrived.我们到了。5Timeflies.时光飞逝。6Wealllaughed.我们都笑了。二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语[S+V+O]1TheGreensenjoylivinginChina.格林一家喜欢住在中国。2Iloveapples.我喜欢苹果。3Iplayedthepiano.我弹钢琴。三、主语+谓语+表语[S+V+P]该句型谓语动词为连系动词.常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)等。1Hebecameafamousdoctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。2Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。3Hiseyesareblue.他的眼睛是蓝色的。4Iamastudent.我是一个学生。5Hefellhappy.他觉得开心。6Hisfaceturnedred.他的脸变红了。四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语[S+V+InO+DO]这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语.也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。1Myauntboughtmeacomputer.我阿姨买给我一台电脑。2Ipassedhimthesalt.我把盐递给他。3Igavehimmyaddress.我告诉他我的地址。4Itoldherastory.我给她讲了一个故事。五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语[S+V+O+OC]1Wemustkeepourschoolclean.我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。2Ifoundtheboxempty.我发现盒子是空的。3Isawhimplayingfootball.我看到他在踢足球。4Theymadetheboywork16hoursaday.他们让这个男孩每天工作16小时。5Theyaskustoworkhard.他们让我们努力工作。另外：therebe句型祈使句练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.三、分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.ItisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyouAllofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Hebrokeapieceofglass.5.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohis