gmat机经12月每周年末语法by iris

1、（760AlinkbetweenFishAandFishB, fish,livinginxxxxx,hasxxxxthat alinklivinginxxxx是修饰FishBalinka...fish都没有语法错误。所以寄卖特老头好，大家要注意，这种句首同位语的使用。还有要注意meaning,AlinkbetweenFishAandFishB,a....fish,livinginxxxxx,hasxxxxthatxxxx. 主语现在分词插入语谓语动词宾语从句 n.,n.;n.,a/an+n. a/an+n.,抽象名词(evidenceresultprinciplethatthataprogramanadvanceapracticen.,n.(重复所修饰的名词)+that… n.,thesamen.(重复所修饰的名词)1、（OG102）Yellowjacketsnumberamongthe900orsospeciesoftheworld'ssocialwasps,waspslivinginahighlycooperativeandorganizedsocietywherethevconsistalmostentirelyoffemales—thequeenandhersterilefemaleworkers.waspslivinginahighlycooperativeandorganizedsocietywheretheyconsistalmostentirelywaspsthatliveinahighlycooperativeandorganizedsocietyconsistingalmostentirelywhichmeanstheyliveinahighlycooperativeandorganizedsociety,almostwhichmeansthattheirsocietyishighlycooperative,organized,anditisalmostlivinginasocietythatishighlycooperative,organized,anditconsistsofalmost OG12-38排除v-ing Athey指代的是wasps（离得最近的复数名词），consistDEit合理的指代应该是 asociety，但是我们看这两个句子的结构living和which作为第一个主句的修饰成分，andit。。。是第二个主句。it所在的句子跟他指代的对象不是一个层级上的，应该是指代内容在级的 代词在低层级的句子中，这里面层级正好反了，如果抽句子主干的话living和which根本不在主干中，it怎么指代他们？【个人观点】好吧这个在你没有完全理解句意的情况下还是不容易看出来的，三个修饰waspsocietyorganized，andconsisting应该在一个层次上2、（PREP107）Womenareexpectedtobethemajorityofstudentsenteringlawschoolthisfall,atrendultima ycingmorewomeninleadershippositionsinpoliticsandbusiness.Womenareexpectedtobethemajorityofstudentsenteringlawschoolthisfall,atrendultima Themajorityofstudentsenteringlawschoolthisfallareexpectedtobewomen,atrendthatwill yceThemajorityofstudentsenteringlawschoolthisfallareexpectedtobewomen,whichwill yceItisexpectedthatthemajorityofstudentsenteringlawschoolthisfallwillbewomen,atrend ycingItisexpectedforwomentobethemajorityofstudentsenteringlawschoolthisfall,whichwill yce句子结构：Themajorityofstudents…areexpectedtobewomanatrendthat…主语是themajority，谓语是areexpectedto，atrendthat是同位语从句。句子结构-（概括性）同位语，atrend指代一致-which指代，which和同位语结构同时出现，表明应该用同位语结构，因为which不能指代前面整个逻辑表达-修饰，分词和that从句修饰一个名词，要看从句是否有表达分词不能表达的逻辑含义，如果是则选从同位语atrend的分词后置定语cing，不能表现出即将发生的趋势，而是表达了一直发生的含义correct，用that定语从句修饰同位语trendwhich同位语atrend的分词后置定语cing，不能表现出即将发生的趋势，而是表达了一直发生的含义；itisexpectedthat…的表达不简洁。which不能指代前面整个句子；itisexpectedforsbto21、(OG41)In1850,LucretiaMottpublishedherDiscourseonWomen,arguinginatreatiseforwomentohaveequalpoliticalandlegalrightsandforchangesinthemarriedwomen'spropertylaws.arguinginatreatiseforwomentohaveequalpoliticalandlegalarguinginatreatiseforequalpoliticalandlegalrightsforatreatisethatadvocateswomen'sequalpoliticalandlegalatreatiseadvocatingwomen'sequalpoliticalandlegalatreatisethatarguedforequalpoliticalandlegalrightsfor1850年，LM了”女性话语权“，这是一个为女性正确的政治和法律权利，为已婚财产法的变更争论。正确答案LMpublishedher...,atreatisethatarguedfor...and...and*arguefor advocateLM了他的--女性话语权，一个thatargueforAandfor1，v-ing（加that/whobe）这个结构和同位语结构的区别2.idiom：argue紧跟2、（PREP125）RankedamonggreatmathematicalscientistssuchasArchimedesKeplerandNewton,AbuAlial-Hasanibnal-Haytham,whowasborninIraqin965C.E.,hadexperimentedextensivelywithlightandvision,layingthefoundationformodernopticsandalsothenotionofsciencebeingbasedonexperimentaswellasonphilosophicalarguments.al-Haytham,whowasborninIraqin965C.E.,hadexperimentedextensivelywithlightandvision,layingthefoundationformodernopticsandalsothenotionofsciencebeingbasedonexperimentaswellasal-Haytham,borninIraqin965C.E.,experimentedextensivelywithlightandvision,layingthefoundationformodernopticsandforthenotionthatscienceshouldbebasedonexperimentaswellasal-Haytham,borninIraqin965C.E.andwhoexperimentedextensivelywithlightandvision,therebylaidthefoundationformodernopticsandalsoforthenotionthatscienceshouldbebasedonnotonlyexperimentbutalsoal-HaythamwasborninIraqin965C.E.andhadexperimentedextensivelywithlightandvision,layingthefoundationformodernopticsandforthenotionthatscienceshouldbebasedonnotonlyexperimentbutalsoal-HaythamwasborninIraqin965C.E.,experimentingextensivelywithlightandvisionandlayingthefoundationformodernopticsandforthenotionofsciencebeingbasedonexperimentaswellashadexperimentedthenotionofthenotionthat句子没有谓语；therebywhoexperimentedtherebylaidnotonly…butalsoonnotonlyxbutalsoynotonlyonxbutalsoonhadexperimentednotonly…butalso改变了句子的重心，主句变成：AbuAlial-Hasanibnal-HaythamwasborninIraqin965C.E..原句的实义谓语动词成为辅助性的修饰成分。thenotionof的用法不如thenotionthat的用法精确。句子结构：…,AbuAlial-Hasanibnal-Haytham,…,experimentedextensivelywithlightandvision,laying…Rankedamong… 修饰句子主语，layingthefoundation作分词状语表结果。正确的句子中，thefoundationformodernopticsandforthenotion平行对称，bebasedonexperimentaswellasonarguments平行对称。动词形式（VerbForm）,平行对称laidthefoundationforxandfory，x、yscienceshouldbebasedonxxaswellasonyy，xxyyfor/onthedifferencebetweenthecityandthenation'sdifferencebetweenamong啊about两者之间的不同：differencebetween...andidioms1、（PREP140）Inhumanhearing,subtledifferencesinhowthetwoearshearagivensoundhelpthelistenerdeterminethequalitiesofthatsound.inhowthetwoearshearagivensoundhelpthelistenerinthetwoearshearingagivensoundhelpthelistenerininhowasoundisheardbythetwoearshelpsthelistenerbetweenhowthetwoearshearagivensoundhelpsthelistenerinbetweenhowasoundisheardbythetwoearshelpthelistenerin句子结构：…,…differencesin…helpthelistener习惯用语，helptodosth/behelpfulin ngsth；differencein/between的区别。正确，differenceinsth，helpsbdosthinthetwoearshearing…去掉how改变原文要表达的含义；help 2、（PREP143）DespitetherebeingnofundamentaldifferenceinshipbuildingtraditionsinViking-AgeScandinaviafromtheonesinotherpartsofNorthernEurope,archaeologicalevidenceshowsthatVikingshipswerelighter,slimmer,faster,andthusprobablymoreseaworthythantheheaviervesselsusedbytheEnglishatthatDespitetherebeingnofundamentaldifferenceinshipbuildingtraditionsinViking-AgeScandinaviafromtheonesDespitenofundamentaldifferencebetweentheshipbuildingtraditionsinViking-AgeScandinaviafromthoseWithshipbuildingtraditionsinViking-AgeScandinavianotfundamentallydifferentfromWiththeshipbuildingtraditionsinViking-AgeScandinaviahavingnofundamentaldifferencefromtheonesAlthoughshipbuildingtraditionsinViking-AgeScandinaviawerenotfundamentallydifferentfrom句子结构：Althoughshipbuildingtraditionsin…werenot…differentfromthosein…,evidenceshowsthat…Although习惯用语-difference，differencein/differentfromdespitetherebeingdespitetradition是抽象名词，用onesdifferencein…fromwith… 正确，althoughthosetraditions。One/ones用以避免重复可数名词，在正式谈话或语中，不应使用。不能用以取代不可数名词，与抽象可数名词连用也很少见。例如：TheScottishlegalsystemisnotthesameastheEnglishsystem.xxx（复数），.......，eachofeachofeach句子+复数名词结尾,eached形式/-ing形式。1、（PREP57）TheAnasazisettlementsatChacoCanyonwerebuiltonaspectacularscalewithmorethan75carefullyengineeredstructures,ofupto600roomseach,wereconnectedbyacomplexsystemofwithmorethan75carefullyengineeredstructures,ofupto600roomseach,withmorethan75carefullyengineeredstructures,ofupto600roomsofmorethan75carefullyengineeredstructuresofupto600rooms,eachthathadofmorethan75carefullyengineeredstructuresofupto600roomsandwithofmorethan75carefullyengineeredstructuresofupto600roomseachhad考点 句子结构（GrticalStructure）逻辑表达（Logical 有效用词each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:句子+ 复数名词结尾,each+介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式。例:,themostancientoflivingwritingsystems,consistsoftensofthousandsofideographiccharacters,eachcharacteraminiaturecalligraphiccompositioninsideitsownsquare划线的were作为谓语和划线部分之前的谓语were重复，应该去掉或者用连词and连接；正确，ofupto600roomseach作为插入语修饰structures，connected分词跳过插入语修饰前面最邻近的名词structures.将with改变成of后，介词的修饰对象发生改变；原句with结构修饰built,而of结构修饰的是scale;将插入语变成句子一部分后，each同位语修饰的对象也发生改变，变成了修饰最邻近的rooms而不structures，rooms被马路连接不符合题目原意和逻辑表达；each同位语从句用过去完成时同样没有必按D答案给出的句意，witheach和onaspectacularscale平行，但eachconnectedby改变了如果each做代词指代主语应该在each前面加上连词and，E答案中each后面是完整句子但没有连词进行连接；hadbeen过去完成时没有必要性。2、（PREP139）Tastebudsareonion-shapedstructureswithbetween50and100tastecellseachofthemhasfingerlikeprojectionspokingthroughtheopeninglocatedatthetopofthetastebudcalledthetastethemhasfingerlikeprojectionspokingthroughtheopeninglocatedatthetopofthetastebudcalledthetasteporethemthathavefingerlikeprojectionsthatpokethroughanopeninglocatedatthetopofthetaste