开学考英语答案和解析

英语开学考2022.02参考答案听力：1-5ACBAC6-10BCABA11-15CBABC16-20BACAC阅读：21-23BDC24-27BDDD28-31CABB32-35BADC七选五：36-40ADCFE完型：41-45CBADD46-50BBCDC51-55ABCDA语法填空：56.A57.raises58.reaction59.qualified60.areadmitted61.However/Still/Nevertheless62.on63.what64.years’65.added应用文：Dearguests,teachersandfellowstudents,I'mLiHua,chairmanoftheStudents'Union.First,pleaseallowme,onbehalfofourschool,toextendthewarmestwelcometoourdistinguishedguestsfromLondon.Andwearehonoredtohavethechancetoplayafriendlymatchwithyou.Establishedinthe1950s,ourfootballteamenjoysagoodreputationasoneofthetopteamsthroughouttheprovince,winningonechampionshipafteranother.Nowithas50membersand4coaches.Today'sfriendlymatchisagoldenopportunityforyoungplayersfromBritainandChinatodevelopfootballingskillsandenhanceourfriendship.Finally,Iheartilywishthematcharemarkablesuccess.读后续写：Paragraph1:Inthephoto,thestudentssawayoungwomanwithtwolittlechildrenstandingbeforeanoaktree."Whatalovelywomanandcutekids.""Yeah,sheisasmartwomanwhocanalwaysmakeoursmallhousewarmandcomfortable."Vingomurmured.WithBrunswickapproaching,Vingostoppedstaringatthephoto,tighteninghisface,asifprotectinghimselfagainstanotherdisappointment.Thestudentstookoverwindowseats,waitingforthecomingoftheoaktree.ThenBrunswickwastenmiles,andthenfive.Allthepeopleopenedtheireyeswide,waitingforamiracle.Paragraph2:Withtheoaktreeinsight,thestudentswereupoutoftheirseats,wildwithjoy.ButVingosatthere,amazed.Theoaktreewascoveredwithyellowhandkerchiefs,twentyorthirtyofthem,maybehundreds,flyinginthewind.Theoaktreestoodlikeabannerofwelcome,blowinginthewind.Allthestudentscouldn’tholdbacktheirexcitement,shouting,crying,doingsmalldancesorshakingfistsintriumph.Asthestudentsremainedthrilled,Vingoslowlyrosefromhisseat,holdinghimselftightly,andmadehiswaytothefrontdoorofthebus.听力原文：Text1M:Hello,Kate.Overtimeagain,willyou?W:Yes,I’vegotto,ifIwanttogetapayraise.Text2W:Pleasehelpmewiththiscomputer.Thislittlemessagekeepscomingup.Idon’tunderstandit.It’sfrustrating.M:Oh,that’saminorproblem.Justdon’tpushthiskey.W:Allright,thanks.Text3M:IthinkImighttakethetraintoChicagotomorrow.It’sprobablygoingtobealongride,butit’scheaperthanflying.W:Ithinkyoushouldjustspendthemoneyflying.It’smuchfaster,andyou’llhavemoretimetovisitthecity.Text4M:Yourtotalcomesto$110.56.Doyouhaveamembershipcard?W:Oh,yes.Thankyouforremindingme.Hereyouare.M:OK,yournewtotalis$99.26.Text5M:Laura,wouldyouliketogetsomethingtoeatwithmeat11:00p.m.?W:Sorry,that’stoolate.Iusuallygotobedaround10:30p.m.M:OK,howabout6:20p.m.?It’sdinnertime.W:That’sfine.Text6M:Betty,howareyoufeelingtoday?⑦Ourclassmatesareconcernedaboutyou.W:Ifeelbetter.Thanksforcoming.M:Ibroughtyousomeflowers.W:Thanks.M:Didyoutalktoyourdoctor?Whatdidhesay?W:⑥HesaiditwasjustaminoroperationandIcanleavehospitalnextweek.Sodon’tworryaboutme.M:That’sgood.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?W:Yes,canyouringthenurse?It’stimeforanotherinjection(注射).Text7M:Excuseme.⑧I’minterestedinapplyingforamembershipcard.W:That’sfine.Hereisalistofourprices.Howdidyouhearaboutus?M:Oh,afriendofmineisamemberhere.Ithinkthisplanisbestforme.W:Whatservicesareyouinterestedin?M:Iwouldliketohaveaccesstotheswimmingpool.⑧⑨AndIalsoworkouttoloseweightinthegym.W:Alright.⑩Justfilloutthisformfirst.Andhowdoyouliketopay?Text8W:⑪Everythingisready.Pleasecometothediningroom.M:Wow,whatamarvelous(了不起的)tableyou’vegothere!I’velongheardChinesedishesarewell-knownallovertheworldfortheircolor,aroma(香气)andtaste.W:⑪Ihopeyoulikemycooking.M:⑫Ithinkyouarenotonlyagoodteacherbutalsoagoodcook.W:Thanksforthecompliment(称赞).Let’sbeginwithchickenwhichwillbringlucktotheguests,accordingtoChineseculture.M:Itsoundsinteresting.Inthatcase,I’lleatmore.W:Pleasehelpyourselftoit.M:Thanks.⑬Ilikefriedkidney(炒腰花)bestamongChinesefood.W:Haveatry.M:⑬Well,it’sreallyunusual!It’squitetender(嫩)anddelicious!Text9(第17题为推断题)W:Whatkindofbookareyousearchingfor?M:⑭AnexcellentEnglishlanguagebook.FromitIcangetnewwordsandpracticebasicpronunciationoflongwords.W:YoucangothroughbookswrittenbyCharlesDickensorJohnMilton.Thereyoucanlearnnewwordsandpracticepronunciation.Andyoucangetthosebooksintheliteraturesection.M:CanIgetthemissuedforamonth?W:Yes,youcan.Forthatyouneedtogetamembershipcardissuedforyourself.⑮Thatcardwillpermityoutoget2-3booksatatime.M:Ma’am,isitmandatory(强制的)togetamembershipcard?W:Well,ifyouwanttoissuemorethanonebookatatime,itisamust.M:DoIhavetopayforit?W:Yes,⑮⑯$100forthefirstsixmonthsand$30everysixmonthsforrenewal.M:OK.Ma’am,⑮⑯pleaseissuemeamembershipcardfortwoyears.Text10W:ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.⑱MinorHeat(小暑),the11thsolartermoftheyear,signifies(意味着)thehottestperiodiscomingbuttheextremehotpointhasyetto(还没有)arrive.InChina,the24solartermswerecreatedthousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.Butthesolartermcultureisstillusefultodaytoguidepeople’slivesthroughspecialfoods,culturalceremoniesandevenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachterm.Thefollowingare4thingsyouneedtoknowaboutMinorHeat.Aseasonofstorms,thunderandhailStorms,thunderandhailoftenhappenduringMinorHeat,thoughinsomeyearstheremightbedroughts.⑲Oneoftheprevailing(占主导地位的，流行的)farmingactivitiesduringMinorHeatisstayingontopoffloodcontrolanddroughtrelief.Aseasonforthelotusflower⑳InMinorHeat,hightemperaturesaregoodforthegrowthofthelotusflower.FromMinorHeattotheDoubleNinthFestival,thelotusflower(荷花)isinfullbloom,andalwayssimplebutelegant.FireflyseasonMinorHeatistheseasonwhenfirefliesbecomelively.ZhuShuzhen,awomanoftheSouthernSongDynasty,oncedescribedinherfamouspoemSummerFirefliesahappysceneofchildrenplayingwithfirefliesinthewoodsatnight.SunningclothesDuringtheMinorHeatperiod,withthelongestamountofsunlightandthestrongestsunlightradiation,manyfamilieshangtheirclothesoutinthesuntopreventmildew(霉，霉菌).答案详解：阅读A这是一篇广告。本文是一则夏令营广告，主要向家长介绍了四个夏令营的特点，供家长做出选择。21．细节理解题。根据小标题“CapitolDebate(国会辩论)”下段的“Neverdebatedbefore?Noworries.Thousandsofshystudentshavewalkedthroughourdoorstobecomeconfidentyoungadultsandleadersintheircommunity.(从未辩论过？别担心。成千上万害羞的学生走进我们的大门，成为自信的年轻人和社区领袖)”可知，国会辩论可帮助孩子学会辩论，让害羞的孩子变得自信，因此，最适合害羞不敢在公共场合讲话的孩子的夏令营是B项“CapitolDebate(国会辩论)”符合题意，故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据小标题“IDTechSummerCamp(ID技术夏令营)”中介绍的最后一句“With5studentsmaxperinstructor,weperfectlyblendpersonalizedlearningandtimetosocializeandinstructorfeedbackwillbedeliveredviaemailsoyoucantrackyourchild’ssuccess.(每个讲师最多5名学生，我们将个性化学习和社交时间完美融合，讲师反馈将通过电子邮件发送，您可以跟踪孩子的成功)”可知，ID技术夏令营中，导师通过邮件向父母反馈孩子的表现，这样父母就可以了解孩子在学习上的讲步。因此，家长在ID技术夏令营可以做的是D项“Followkids’progress.(跟踪孩子的进步)”符合题意，故选D项。23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Don’ttellthemit’seducational!(嘘…别告诉他们这是教育！)和第三段中“Ouraimistouseinstruction,education,andlearningtoprovidethemostimportantcomponentofourdebatecamps-fun!(我们的目标是通过指导、教育和学习，为我们的辩论营提供最重要的乐趣！)”和第四段中“Joinover50,000studentswhoarebuildingin-demandskills,collaboratingwithfriends,gainingconfidence,andhavingfun.(加入超过50000名学生的行列，他们正在培养需求技能，与朋友合作，获得自信，享受乐趣)”和最后一段中“Campersalsoparticipateinfun,hands-onmarinescienceactivitiesthroughouttheircampsession(露营者在整个露营期间还参与有趣的、实践性的海洋科学活动)”可知，每一个camp都强调在学习的过程中享受乐趣（fun），所以可知它们都非常重视孩子们在学习过程中的心理体验，强调快乐学习。因此，这些营地的共同特点是C项“Theystresslearninghappily(他们强调快乐学习)”符合题意，故选C项。B本文是一篇记叙文。世界上没有完美的女人，而《三十而已》的编剧张英基通过讲述三个不同的女人的故事来传达这个信息，她们用不同的方式去攀登自己的山峰。作者鼓励观众在《三十而已》中寻找灵感。24．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ZhongXiaoqinisonewhowillonlyclimbifshehassomeonetogoalongwithher.Shewillnotoverexertherself,andshewilldefinitelystoponceshehasreachedacomfortableplace.（钟小琴是那种只有有人陪她一起爬才会爬的人。她不会过度劳累，而且一旦她到达一个舒适的地方，她肯定会停止）”推知，钟小琴是一个温和的、知足常乐的性格。故选B。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inasense,thescriptwriterpurposelycreatedGuJiaastheperfectwomanofthirty.Sheismarried,withasuccessfulhusbandandayoungson.Sheislivingthedream,butGuJiadoesnotfeelcomplete.Shefeelslost.Sheisflawed.（在某种意义上，编剧有意将顾佳塑造成一个三十岁的完美女人。她结婚了，有一个成功的丈夫和一个年幼的儿子。她活在梦想中，但顾佳并不觉得完整。她觉得自己迷失了。她是有缺陷的）”，可知，根据第三段，关于顾佳的生活，“她因为丈夫对生活不满”是不正确的。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Herchaseforperfectionandherstubbornnesstomaintainthisimagehaseffectedmanyoftherelationshipsinherlife.Shechasesafterwhatshebelievesisrightforothers.（她对完美的追求和她对保持这种形象的执着影响了她生活中的许多关系。她追求她认为对别人正确的东西）”可知，根据文章所述，观众之所以喜欢顾佳，主要是因为她有一些可辨认的特质。故选D。27．目的意图题。根据第一段“Thereisnosuchthingasaperfectwoman,andNothingbutThirtyscreenwriterZhangYingjiwantedtoconveythismessageintellingthestoriesofthreedifferentwomen,whohavefoundverydifferentwaystoclimbtheirownmountains.（世界上没有完美的女人，而《三十而已》的编剧张英基想通过讲述三个不同的女人的故事来传达这个信息，她们用不同的方式去攀登自己的山峰）”和最后一段中“There’sstillalotleftthatwecanlearnfromthewomenofNothingbutThirty,butmaybelikethem,wetoocanfindthecourageinourselvestowalkonthatroadwhichistrulymeantforus.（我们还可以从《三十而已》的女性身上学到很多，但也许像她们一样，我们也能找到勇气，走在这条真正适合我们的道路上）”推知，这篇文章是鼓励观众在《三十而已》中寻找灵感。故选D。C这是一篇说明文。科学家发现了“喜欢”金子的真菌。本文介绍了其发现经过、生物习性及相应的科学展望。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger”willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgolddeposits(沉淀物)andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.”可知，专家们迫切希望“淘金者”能提供金矿的位置信息，使寻找这种贵金属变得更容易，更环保。由此可知，专家们希望获得更多关于携带金子的真菌的信息。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected.”及Dr.Bohu说的话“Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusualandsurprising.”可知，虽然真菌经常与自然界中的其他事物相互作用，但与黄金的反应却是出乎意料的。黄金的化学反应并不活跃，两者间的相互作用既不寻常又令人惊讶。再根据第四段中的““Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.”Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon’tworkwithgold.””可知，“这种反应有生物学上的好处。”Dr.Bohu说，“与其他不能与黄金共生的真菌相比，喜欢黄金的真菌可以生长得更快、更大。”由此可知，Dr.Bohu认为真菌与黄金的相互作用出人意料，但却是有益的。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.(研究人员仍然需要进行进一步的分析，以了解真菌和贵金属之间的关系。更重要的是，他们需要确定它的存在是否是地下存在大量金属矿床的确切迹象)”以及最后一段“However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.(然而，那些希望从真菌中获得免费黄金的人注定要失望了，因为这种脆弱的真菌很难看到)”可推断出，作者认为此发现尚需做深入的研究。故选B。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Humansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanewfungus(真菌)thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils(卷须)withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.”以及后文都是对该喜金真菌的描述，包括发现方式、发现分析及对其的科学展望等可知，标题核心词为gold-lovingfungi(喜金真菌)。A项中核心词为beauty-lovingfungi(爱美真菌)，错误；C选项中核心词为goldmine(金矿)，错误；D选项中核心词为goldwithfungi(含真菌的金子)，错误。故选B。D本文为一篇议论文，作者认为，在现代官僚主义管理制度下，人出现普遍焦虑的现象，为了摆脱这一现状，社会制度应该向鼓励人及其潜能充分开发的人文主义工业转变。32.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段关键句“Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.”（起润滑作用的是更高的工资、设备完善的工厂和播放的音乐以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家；然而，所有这些润滑并不能改变这样一个事实：人已经变得无能为力，他不再全心全意地参与工作，他对工作感到厌倦。）可推断，通过“well-oiledcoginthemachinery”（机器上润滑良好的齿轮），作者认为，尽管运行平稳，人却是社会一个可替代的组成部分，地位无足轻重。故选B项。33.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Infact,theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”（事实上，他们在活着和死去的时候，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实。）可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被迫放弃自己的个性和独立性。故选A项。34.推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.”（这种持续不断地需要证明自己与竞争对手一样好或更好的需要，导致了持续不断的焦虑和压力，这正是不快乐和疾病的根源。）可知，作者认为，过多的竞争导致的焦虑和压力是不快乐的根源，因此，生活中真正的幸福属于那些远离过度竞争的人。故选D项。35.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialitiesaretheaimsofsocialarrangements.”（我建议把我们的社会制度，从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的工业主义，转变为以人及其潜能的充分开发为社会安排目的的人文主义工业主义。）可知，为了解决目前的社会问题，作者建议我们应该使人充分开发自己的潜力。故选C项。

七选五这是一篇说明文。介绍了一些帮助人们过上简单而充实的生活的方法。36．上文“Sohowcanwedesignalifethatislesscomplexandmoremeaningful?Withminimalism.(那么，我们怎样才能设计一个不那么复杂而又更有意义的生活呢？极简主义。)”说明我们要用极简主义设计一个不复杂而又更有意义的生活，选项A“这是关于用更少的资源享受更多的生活。”承接上文，解释了极简主义，耗费资源更少而更有意义。语义通顺合理。故选A项。37．下文“Mostpeople’slivingspaceisfilledwiththingsthatareneverusedanddon’tcontributetotheirwell-being.Separatetheonesyoudoneedfromtheonesyoudon’t,andthrowthelatterrightintothedustbin—orbetter,givethemawaytopeoplewhomightactuallybenefitfromthem.(大多数人的生活空间都充满了从未用过的东西，对他们的健康没有好处。把你真正需要的和不需要的分开，把后者扔到垃圾箱里——或者更好，把它们送给那些可能真正从中受益的人。)”建议应该把生活空间中从未用过的东西扔掉或者送人，选项D“摆脱那些与你快乐无关的事情。”概括本段主题，把生活空间中那些无关的东西摆脱掉。语义通顺合理。故选D项。38．上文“Weconstantlycompareourselvestootherswhoseemhappier,more