-高二英语寒假提升天天练之阅读理解Day14七选五阅读含解析

Day14七选五阅读ASleeptoLoseWeightArecentstudyfoundthatpeoplewhosleeplesstendtobefat.Expertssaidit'stimetofindoutifmoresleepcanfightobesity.Nowadays,themostpopularmethodtokeepfitisdoingmoreexerciseandeatingless.Somepeopleeventakeweight-lossdrugstokeepslim,whichisunhealthyandharmfultoyourbody."___1__Asaresult,we’vefailedtorecognizethevalueofgoodsleep,"saidaphysician.Mensleepanaverageof27minuteslessthanwomen,andoverweightandfatpatientssleeplessthanpatientswithnormalweights.Ingeneral,fatpeoplejustsleepabout1.8hourslessaweekthanthosewithnormalweights.___2__Onlyanextra20minutesofsleeppernightcontributestoalowerBODYMASSINDEX（身体质量指数）.Wecautionthatthisstudydoesnotestablishacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlimitedsleepandfatness.___3___Therefore,let'sstaythinbysleepingmore!Herearesomeotheradvantagesofsleepingmore.•You'lllearnbetter.Thisisn'tjustforchildren.Adultswhogetenoughsleepalsodobetterontestsofshort-termmemory.•___4___Aftergettingenoughsleep,youwillfindyourselffeelinghappyanddelighted.•Lowerstress.___5___Withthatpeoplecanbettercontroltheirbloodpressure.A.Bettermood.B.Youwillbeenergized.C.Sleepcandefinitelyreducelevelsofstress.D.We'veputsomuchemphasisondietandexercise.E.Thestudyisintendedtoofferahealthywaytohelppeoplesleeplonger.F.Theexpertssuggestthattoomuchextensionofsleeptimenotbenecessary.G.However,investigationsofsuccessfulweightlossbysleepingmorehelpprovesuchaconnection.BLao-tzuandConfuciuswereChina’smostfamousphilosophers.____1___“Thosewhoknowdonotsay;thosewhosaydonotknow.”saidLao-tzu.Confuciussaidthatthebestpeoplesaytheleast,butdothemost.___2___Itcomesfromthestorythathewasbornwithwhitehair,alreadyoldandwise.?VerylittleisknownaboutLao-tzu’slife.Hiswritingsaretitledthe“TaoTeChing”.AccordingtoTaoism,theentireuniverseflowswithamysteriousforcecalledtheTao,whichmeans“TheWay”.____3____Whenpeopleforgetthis,opinionsofgoodandevilortrueandfalsehappen.Taoiststrytoremembertheironeness.However,thisiseasiersaidthandone,Lao-tzusaid.Overtime,Taoismchangedabit.?TaoismbecamemorepopularinAD440whenitbecameChina’sstatereligion.ManypeoplepracticeTaoismtoday.Bornin551BC,ConfuciuswanderedthroughoutChinaasagovernmentemployeeandapoliticaladvisertotherulingChoufamily.____4____AfterCorfuciusdiedin479BC,hisstudentswrotedownhisteachingsandcalledthemLun-yu,ortheAnalects.Manyofhiscleversayingsarestillfollowedtoday.“Itisashardtobepoorwithoutcomplainingastoberichwithoutbecomingarrogant(傲慢的).”Confucianismsaysitisimportanttolearntobehuman.Peopleshouldactwithgoodnesstowardseachothertocreateorderandunity.ConfucianismguidedthinkinginChinauntilaboutahundredyearsago.TaoismandConfucianismhavedifferencesandsimilarities.Confucianismtellspeoplehowtoacttowardeachother.Taoismtellspeoplehowtofindmeaninginlife.Theybothshareideasaboutman,society,andtheuniverse.BothTaoismandConfucianismhaveservedasguides.___5___A.Goodthinkinglastsalongtime!B.Theirsayingsarestillusedtoday.C.Lao-tzumaynotevenhaveexisted.D.Hewasalsoamusician,thinker,andteacher.E.ThenameLao-tzumeans“OldMaster”or“OldBoy”.F.TheyhaveledChinathroughthepeaksandvalleysofitslonghistory.G.Taoistsbelievethateverythingmightseemseparate,butisactuallyone.CHomeworkismadeupofout﹣of﹣classactivitiesandat﹣homeactivitiesteachersassigntostudents．Itcanincludepracticeassignmentsthatemphasizenewlyacquiredskills．___1___Projectsthathavetobeworkedoninagreementwithschoolworkalsoformapartofhomework．___2___．Forexample，tocompletetheirhomeworkintime，childrenstartdividingtheirtimeintostudyingandplaying，thuslearningtocompletetheirscheduledtaskswithinthetimetheyhave．Theylearntodothingsontheirown．Theymanagetheirtimeandcompletetheirworkindependently．Homeworkcanalsohelpbuildupchildren'sconfidence．___3___．Teachers'positiveremarkscanhelpdevelopstudents'confidenceandencouragethemtokeepupwiththeirgoodwork．Inaddition，homeworkgivesstudentsachancetolearnfromtheirmistakesandovercometheirweakness．Itprovidesthemwithaplatformtoexpresswhattheyknoworhavenewlyfound，andexhibittheirtalents．___4___．Thishelpsthemimprovetheiracademicresults．However，tobeasbeneficialtostudentsaspossiblehomeworkshouldbeassignedproperly．Theamountanddifficultylevelofhomeworkassignmentsshouldmatchtheagesandabilitiesofstudents．___5___．Homeworkprovestobebeneficialonlyifitdoesnotputstudentsunderstressorpressure．A．Otherwise，itwillbecomeapunishment．B．Homeworkcanbenefitstudentsinmanyways．C．Teachersgivecommentsontheworkthatstudentsdo．D．Italsogivesstudentsthepracticeofwhatevertheylearninschool．E．Completinghomeworkrequiresplanning，organizingandactinguponit．F．Studentscangainasenseofaccomplishmentaftercompletinghomework．G．Itcanbepreparationassignmentstomakestudentsreadyforclassactivities．DTheFourPeopleYouDon’tWanttoSitNexttoonaPlaneLetmebeginbypromisingyouthatIamnotanangryperson.IwouldactuallyvowthatIaminherentlyhappyandall-aroundquitefriendlyandnice.Butonethingthatreallygrindsmygears,isbeingseatednexttoanightmareneighboronanairplane.____1____Perhapsyounormallylikethem,butwhenyouaresittingnexttothemonaplaneit’sadifferentthing.Theyusuallyspendalltheflightmovingaroundanddroppingtheirtoysonthefloor,andwhenthey’redrinkingtheirorangejuiceitendsuponyourtrousers.____2____.Soyoucan’thavethelittlesleepthatyouwereplanning.ConversationmakersYourecognizethistypeassoonasyousitdown.Theyimmediatelystarttalkingabouttheplane,ortheweather,ortheyaskyouapersonalquestion.It’sverydifficultnottotalktothesepeople.____3____.NervousfliersThesearethepeoplewithwhitefaceswhositdownandimmediatelyaskforsomethingtodrink.Everyfiveminutestheycallaflightattendanttoaskifthereareanyproblemswiththeplane.____4____.Thebestthingtodoistopretendtosleep.Spaceinvaders____5____.Buttheyhaveaterriblehabitoftakingupalltheirroom,andsomeofyourroomtoo.Theyusuallysitsothatyoucan’tmove,withtheirarmsandlegsinyourspace.ANaughtykidsB.Well-behavedparentsC.TheyalsotellyouaboutaircrashD.SomepeoplewanttotalkallthetimeEThepeoplearenotnecessarilyverylargeF.ThentheydecidetheywanttohavefunwithyouG.You’llprobablyhavetokeeptalkinguntiltheplanelands答案A【答案解析】1.D

2.F

3G

4.A

5.C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，专家通过对比肥胖人群和健康人群的睡眠时间得出适当延长睡眠有助于减肥的结论，同时还有睡眠的其他好处。【1题详解】由本段第一句“现在，最流行的保持健康的方法是多锻炼和少吃。”和空后那句“因此，我们没有认识到良好睡眠的价值”可知，承接上下文，D选项“我们太强调饮食和锻炼。”切题。该选项中的dietandexercise对应上文中的exerciseandeatingless，正是因为太强调运动饮食才会忽视睡眠的重要性。故选D项。【2题详解】由上一句“一般来说，肥胖的人每周只比正常体重的人少睡1.8小时。”和空后那句“每晚只多睡20分钟有助于降低体重指数。”可知，承接上下文，F选项“专家建议不必过多延长睡眠时间。”切题。该选项中的toomuchextensionofsleeptimenotbenecessary对应下文中的Onlyanextra20minutesofsleeppernight。故选F项。【3题详解】由上一句“我们谨慎说，这项研究并没有在有限睡眠和肥胖之间建立因果关系。”和空后那句“因此，让我们多睡一会儿，保持苗条！”可知，承接上下文，G选项“然而，通过睡眠成功减肥的调查有助于证明这种联系。”切题。该选项中的suchaconnection对应上文中的acause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlimitedsleepandfatness，也对应后文“通过多睡保持苗条”。故选G项。【4题详解】由下一句“睡眠充足后，你会发现自己感到快乐。”可知，承接下文，A选项“好心情。”切题。该选项中Bettermood对应下文中的feelinghappyanddelighted。故选A项。【5题详解】由上一句“减少压力。”可知，承接上文，C选项“睡眠绝对可以减轻压力。”切题。该选项中reducelevelsofstress对应上文中的Lowerstress。故选C项。【点睛】第一、通读全文，了解文章大意。这是一个泛读的过程，目的是了解文章大意，为以后的理解作铺垫。第二、明确关联关系。任何句子都是要么和上文有联系，要么和下文有联系，要么和上下文都有联系。例如第1、2、3小题都与它们的前一句有联系。第三、带入通读，复查。做完题目切忌直接离开，这时我们很有必要将自己修正好的文章通读一遍，将其看做一片行文通顺语意连贯的文章来读，这是如果感到有含义不连贯的地方，很有可能是我们填错了空，就要复查了，注意：七选五的特点在于，错一道，往往还会错另外的一道或几道，我们叫做“连错”，所以当你发现自己有一处填的有问题时，一定要同时检查其它空。B【答案解析】1.B

2.E

3.G

4.D

5.F【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国历史上最著名的哲学家老子和孔子以及他们的思想。【1题详解】空前说老子和孔子是中国最著名的哲学家，空后又提到了老子和孔子所说的一句格言，故B项（他们的格言至今仍在使用）符合语境。【2题详解】根据空后的“Itcomesfromthestorythathewasbornwithwhitehair,alreadyoldandwise.”及“Lao-tzu’slife“可知，此处介绍的是老子的名字的来历，故E项（老子的意思是老夫子或老男孩）符合语境。【3题详解】根据空前的“AccordingtoTaoism,theentireuniverseflowswithamysteriousforcecalledtheTao,whichmeans“TheWay””可知，道家认为，整个宇宙都有一种神秘的力量，叫作道，意思是道路，此处承接上文，讲的还是道家学说，故G项（道家认为，一切好像都是分开的，但实际上是一体的）符合语境。【4题详解】根据空前的“Bornin551B.C.,ConfuciuswanderedthroughoutChinaasagovernmentemployeeandapoliticaladvisertotherulingChoufamily.”可知，生于公元前551年。作为一名官员和大臣，孔子周游了列国，此处补充说明，说的是孔子的其他身份，故D项（他还是一位音乐家、思想家和老师）符合语境。【5题详解】根据空前的“BothTaoismandConfucianismhaveservedasguides.”可知，道家和儒家都是指导思想，此处承接上文，说的是这两种思想的影响，故F项（它们引领中国走过了历史上的巅峰和低谷）符合语境。【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，选项和上下文中出现的代词的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第1题，根据空前的“Lao-tzuandConfuciuswereChina’smostfamousphilosophers.”可知，老子和孔子是中国最著名的哲学家，空后又提到了老子和孔子所说的一句格言，B项中的Their指代的就是前面提到的Lao-tzuandConfucius，故B项（他们的格言至今仍在使用）符合语境。C【答案解析】1.G

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了家庭作业给学生带来的益处：锻炼学生时间管理能力，老师的积极评价帮助学生树立自信等等。同时也指出家庭作业应当适当布置，否则就会变成一种惩罚。【1题详解】根据前文“Homeworkismadeupofout﹣of﹣classactivitiesandat﹣homeactivitiesteachersassigntostudents．Itcanincludepracticeassignmentsthatemphasizenewlyacquiredskills．”可知家庭作业由课外活动和教师分配给学生的家庭活动组成。家庭作业可以包括巩固新获得的技能的实践作业。因此下文应为进一步说明家庭作业的类型和作用，上文中的assignments可对应到G项中的assignments，表示：它可以是准备作业，使学生为课堂活动做好准备。符合文意，故选G。【2题详解】本句位于段首，有总起全段的作用。且根据后文“Forexample，tocompletetheirhomeworkintime，childrenstartdividingtheirtimeintostudyingandplaying，thuslearningtocompletetheirscheduledtaskswithinthetimetheyhave．”可知为了按时完成作业，孩子们开始把时间分成学习和玩耍，从而学会在有限的时间内完成预定的任务。可知本段是说明家庭作业可以通过锻炼学生的时间管理能力，而使学生受益。故选B。【3题详解】根据后文Teachers'positiveremarkscanhelpdevelopstudents'confidenceandencouragethemtokeepupwiththeirgoodwork．可知老师的积极评价有助于培养学生的自信心，并鼓励他们跟上好工作的步伐。下文中remarks对应到C选项中comments，指老师对学生做的工作给出评价，上下文连贯通顺，故选C。【4题详解】根据前文Itprovidesthemwithaplatformtoexpresswhattheyknoworhavenewlyfound，andexhibittheirtalents．可知家庭作业给他们提供了一个平台，表达他们知道或新发现的东西，展示他们的才华。可知本段是在列举家庭作业带给学生的好处有哪些。根据上下文D项：Italsogivesstudentsthepracticeofwhatevertheylearninschool．它也让学生练习他们在学校学到的任何东西。符合文意，故选D。【5题详解】根据上文“Theamountanddifficultylevelofhomeworkassignmentsshouldmatchtheagesandabilitiesofstudents．”家庭作业的数量和困难度应该与学生的能力和年龄相匹配，故可推测下文是指如果不匹配，家庭作业就会成为一种惩罚。符故选A。D【答案解析】1.A

2.F

3.G

4.C

5.E【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了你在飞机上可能会遇到你不想挨着的四类“怪咖”邻座。【1题详解】根据下文“Perhapsyounormallylikethem,butwhenyouaresittingnexttothemonaplaneit’sadifferentthing.Theyusuallyspendalltheflightmovingaroundanddroppingtheirtoysonthefloor,andwhenthey’redrinkingtheirorangejuiceitendsuponyourtrousers”可知，应是顽皮的孩子在飞机上所做的事，包括整个飞行过程中到处走动，把玩具扔在地板上，当他们喝橙汁的时候，最后会落到你的裤子上。故A项：Naughtykids(淘气孩子)作为主旨句，故选A。【2题详解】根据下文“Soyoucan’thavethelittlesleepthatyouwereplanning.”可知，他们想跟你一起玩，故你不能像你计划的那样睡个好觉。F项：Thentheydecidetheywanttohavefunwithyou(然后他们决定和你一起玩)是上文的接下来的动作。故选F。【3题详解】根据上文“Yourecognizethistypeassoonasyousitdown.Theyimmediatelystarttalkingabouttheplan