2021年陕西省渭南市高考英语一模试卷

2021年陕西省渭南市高考英语一模试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

BookRecommendationSecondHarvest

Author：DonAgey

Likethefirstinstallment.EclecticHarvest,thisbookincludesrhymedpoemswhichemploy

differentpoetictechniques.Ifyouareinterestedinit,buyitatadiscount.

OfHumanNatureandGoodHabits

Author：PrabhashKaran

Researchclaimsthatmaintainingonly5goodhabits-eatinghealthily,exercising,drinking

properly,notsmokingandmaintainingahealthybodyweight-cannotonlykeepthelifein

goldenyearshealthybutalsoextendthelifetimeoftheoldmenandwomenby12yearsand14

yearsrespectively.Thebookillustratessomeaspectsoflifestyles.Asyoucansee,thisbookis

especiallysuitableforpeopleafterretirement.

TheDuelingWizardsofSimpletown

Author：WhitneyLeePreston

TheDuelingWizardsofSimpletownisataleoffantasyinvolvingtwosillymagicians,anda

trickyplanbytheirtwo-facedservant.Thereisnodoubtthatkidswilllikeit.

MarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinosaur

Author：ConnorAnstiss

MarvltandGoreglivenextdoortoeachother,andarebestfriends.Thesetwonaughty

8-year-oldsseemtogetintoallsortsoftroubles.Atthezoo,theyhaveamuchdifferent

encounter.Willtheybeokay?Readitandfindtheansweryourself.

1.Whichbookwillinterestpoetryloversmost?

A.SecondHarvest.

B.OfHumanNatureandGoodHabits.

C.TheDuelingWizardsofSimpletown.

D.MarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinosaur.

2.WhatdoesPrabhashKaranthinkenablestheagedtolivelonger?

A.Eatingmore.B.Keepinghealthyhabits.

C.Gainingweight.D.Drinkingmuchwine.

3.What'sMarultandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinosaurabout?

A.Astoryoftookeepers.

B.Theexperienceoftwosillymagicians.

C.Ataleoftheanimalandchildren.

D.Thewaytodealwithnaughtychildren.

B

The64-year-oldMahendra,theSecretaryatPeopleforAnimalsCPFA),talksabouthisdisabled

andwoundeddogslikeafathertalksabouthischildren-withthesamelove,affectionand

warmth.ItwasthislovethatledhimtoestablishIndia'sfirstshelterhomefordogslivingwith

disabilities.

Itallstartedin1998.Whiletakingamidnightwalk,Mahendracameacrossaveryweakdogon

thestreet,whoseboneswerevisibleunderitsskin.Mahendradecidedtofeeditandforthenext

coupleofdaysitbecamethecentreofhislife,untilthenightwhenhefounditdead.

Afterthat,Mahendrastartedprovidingtreatmentforallwoundedandsidedogshecameacross.

Sometimelater,someonetoldMahendraaboutPFA,India'slargestanimalwelfare

organization,chairedbyMrsManekaGandhi.Mahendracontactedherandshewasimpressed

bytheworkhewasdoing,MrsGandhiaskedhimtostartaPFAchapterinAhmedbad.

Thus,in2004,hestartedtheshelter.IttookalongtimeforMehendratofindthelandwhere

thesheltercouldbesetup.Finally,RameshBhaiPatel,anativefarmerfromavillagenamed

Jundal,agreedtogivehislandfornothing.Alongwithateamoffourdoctorsandmany

volunteers,theshelternowhas25dogsthatwereunabletowalkatallwhentheywerebrought

in.Today,ihey'reslowlyhealing.Dogsthathavehealedwithpropertreatmentaresentbackto

wheretheycamefromiftheenvironmentthereissafe.However,theshelterwillbehometothe

blinddogsforalltheirlives,saysMahendra.

TheshelterrunsonmoneycomingfromMahendra'sownpensionofRs.45,000.Therehave

beensomefinancialcrunchesnowandthen,butMahendraisdeterminedthatnomatterwhat

challengecomestheirway,theyllfightthrough.

4.WhatmadeMahendradecidetodosomethingfordisabledandsickdogs?

A.HiscontactwithPFA.

B.TheencouragementofGandhi.

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C.Thedeathofahomelesssidedog.

D.AwalkwithasickdogotGandhi.

5.WhathappenedtoMahendrawhenhetriedtobuildtheshelter?

A.Hesecuredgovernmentfunds.

B.Hegotalandfromalocalfarmerforfree.

C.Helearnedmedicalknowledgefromdoctors.

D.Hemetwithmuchdifficultyinfindingvolunteers.

6.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordUcrundiesninthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Services.B.Advantages.C.Crisis.D.Details.

7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMahendra?

A.Kind-hearted.B.Humorous.C.Open-minded.D.Modest.

c

ModesteTraorehaslivedhiswholelifenearLakeWegnia,intheSahelareaofMali.Thelake's

fishhaveprovidedhimwithawaytoearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.However,

becausehecan'tcatchenoughfishtofeedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals.Butas

temperaturesrise,evaporation（蒸发）increases,makingthebodyofwatershrinks.Studies

havelinkedrisingtemperaturesonEarth*ssurfacetoclimatechange.

Thelakeisshrinking,soarethechancesofhischildrenbecomingfishermen."Ifthingsgoon

likethis,Idon*tthinkourchildrencanbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseother

jobs,"the56-year-oldTraoresaid."Duringtherainyseason,thereisalotofwaterbutassoonas

it*sover,thereisnowaterleftinthelake.Wearefishermen.Idon*tthinkourchildrenwillbe,”

hesaid.

LakeWegniaisintheSahelregionofKoulikoro,around120kilometersnorthofMalfs

capital,Bamako.Some12,000people,includingfishermenandfarmers,dependonitforfood,

waterandemployment.Butthelakehasshrunkby20percentsince2017.

TheUNexpectstemperaturestheretoincrease1.5timeshigherthantheaverageincrease

worldwide.UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackofrainfallcancauseproblems

intheSahel.Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefastpopulationgrowthcanleadto

conflict.

AidgroupisleadingtheEco-LacWegniaproject.Thegroupisworkingtoimprovewater

managementandfighttheeffectsofglobalwarming.MoussaSavagodoisEco-LacWegnia's

localrepresentative.Hesaysthatfailingtomakechangesquicklycanmeanthelakewill

disappearcompletelyinlessthan5years.

PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohaveplanted56,000treesinthepast

twoyears.Andtheyarebettercontrollingtheirwaterbybuildingstonebarrierstohelpthesoil

keeptherainthatdoesfalLTheprogressandinternationalofficialsupportarenotenoughfbr

than,however.Moreandmorepeopleareturningtootheragriculture.

8.HowdidTraoreusetosupporthisfamily?

A.Byfishing.

B.Byraisingfarmanimals.

C.Bytakingchargeofthelake.

D.Byworkingasanenvironmentalist.

9.WhateffectwillthecurrenttrendofthelakehaveaccordingtoTraore?

A.Alotoffarmlandwillform.

B.Therainyseasonwillendearly.

C.Manyfishermenwillfleetheirhomes.

D.Thelatergenerationwillchangetheircareers.

10.WhichstatonentdotheUNandAidgroupagreewith?

A.Theriseintemperaturewillcausewaterresourceproblems.

B.Reducingpopulationisawaytoprotectthelake.

C.Watermanagementmakesnodifferencetothelake.

D.Droughtandfloodwilldirectlycauseconflict.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.TheAidgroupmembers.B.Therepresentatives.

C.Thelocalofficials.D.Thevillagers.

D

MeninBritainfearsocialshameoforderingvegetabledishes.Therehasbeena

red-wine-and-beefcultureforalongtime,inwhichmenareexpectedtochoosethefoodthatis

therichest,thefullestandthebiggest.Thismaystartfromatimewhenmeatwasformost

peoplemoreofanoccasionalfeastchoicethandailyfood,makingitaneconomicstatusmarker

aswellasoneofstrength.Morerecently,thishasmixedwiththegrowingcultureofmale

physicalperfection,withmenspendingmoretimeinthegymtogetthatInstagram-perfectlook,

helpedalongbyeatinglotsofprotein.

Meat-eatersareincreasinglyawareoftheecologicalandhealthproblemscausedbytheir

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consumption.However,thisisn'tenoughtomakethemgiveupeatingmeat,butifenough

peoplepackeditin,whichmeansifeatingmeatbecametheexception,theneventhemost

enthusiasticmeat-eatermightchangetheirhabits.

Traditionalideasarepoisoningoursociety.Whatshouldmendothen,iftheywanttoreduce

theirmeat-eatingwithoutconstantquestioningoftheirchoices?Oneanswermaybetomakea

cleanbreak.Itishardjusttodolessofsomething,becauseeachtimeyouneedtoorderyouhave

tomaketheefforttodecideagain.Workingouthowbesttoavoidtheunwantedadviceofyour

fellowdiners,aswellaswrestlingwithyourinsideconflicts.Decidingonceandforalltogive

upmeatisasingledecisionwhichthendoesn'tcomeupfordiscussionasoftenasitbecomesan

acceptedfactoflife.Ifavegetabledietcanpowerthetoughestmen,itshouldsurelybeenough

formaleseverywhere.

12.Whydoestheauthormentionmenspendingmoretimeinthegym?

A.Toexplainwhymenloveeatingmeat.

B.Toadvocatethepracticeofworkingout.

C.TointroducethepopularInstagramapp.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofphysicalappearance.

13.Whatmightcausementogiveupeatingmeataccordingtoparagraph2?

A.People'sunpleasantexperiencesofeatingmeat.

B.Publicawarenessofhealthrisksofeatingmeat.

C.Men'slossofenthusiasmaboutthenutritionofmeat.

D.Enoughpeople'sabandonmentofmeat-eatinghabits.

14.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TraditionalideasarepoisoningBritishsociety

B.Meat-eatersareincreasinglyawareofthehealthproblem

C.Britishmenareincreasinglycaringaboutphysicalperfection

D.Britishmenfearsocialshameoforderingvegetabledishes

15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Ahealthmagazine.B.Abiologyresearch.

C.Aneducationalpaper.D.Amedicalreport.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

Aspeoplegrowolder,theirrolesandresponsibilitiesalsogrow.Leavingtheadolescentyears

behindgetsapersononajourneyofself-discoveryandindependence.Theteenageyearsarea

timeforlearningandrecognizingsomeresponsibilities.(1).Thoughteenagersdo

nothavethesameresponsibilitiesasadults,theydohavesomeveryimportantones.

(2).Oneoftheresponsibilitiesistoprovideloveandsupporttotheirparents.

Lovingandrespectingtheirparents1decisionswillmakethefamilyfunctionbetter.Giving

emotionalsupporttootherfamilymembersisanotherresponsibilityofateenager.(3)

.Also,ateenager'sresponsibilitiesincludedoinghousework.Asamemberofthe

family,ateenagershoulddotheirpartinhousekeepingsincetheyliveinthehousetoo.Not

onlydoyoungpeoplehavetheseresponsibilities,buttheyarealsoresponsibletotheir

communities.

Inordertobecomeanimportantpartofsociety,teenagerslearntobegoodcitizens.(4).

Bylearningabouttheworldandthegovernment,teenagerswillbebetterpreparedtostepup

andbethenextgenerationofgovernmentofficials.Teenagersshouldalsoparticipatein

communityactivities.Projectstohelpbetterandcleantheworldshouldbeamajorgoala

teenagershouldtrytoachieve.Communityactivitieswillalsoteachteenagersmoralprinciples

thatwillhelpduringadulthood.Teenagersmustalsostartdecidingandtakingastandonsocial

problems.(5).Teensneedtopreparethemselvestotaketheirplacesinsociety.

Therefore,theyneedtoworkonbecomingstrongadults.

Anyway,themostimportantresponsibilityateenagerhasistheonetohimself.

A.Teenagersplayafundamentalroleinthefamily.

B.Eachteenagershouldhaveaveryclearlifegoal

C.Thenteenagerscangrowintoresponsibleadults.

D.Inordertodothis,onemustlearnaboutthegovernment.

E.Parentsneedtoencourageasenseofachievementintheirkids.

F.Thishelpspreparethemfortoughdecisionstheymayfaceasadults.

G.Ilcaninlluencememberstostruggleforthebestandhelpthembecomebetterpeople.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

第6页，共21页

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30・0分)

Inmystartingdaysofreal-lifepractice,!tookupajobinadirectsalesfirmasadoor-to-door

marketer.1(1)thisjobandthegoodpaypushedmetobecomethebestatthe

door-to-doorsales.ThemottogiventousbyourCEO,MrJonessounds(2)-meet

200peopleandthenyoullachieve10sales.Butit'snotthatsimpletodo.I(3)this

everyday.Mostofthedays,Ijustcouldn*tmeet200peopleandthe(4)leftshortof

mytarget.ButwheneverIdidmeet200people,Icouldachievethetarget.SoIrealizedthe

mottowastruly(5)words.

Thereweresomanypeoplewhoslammed(砰地关上)their(6)inmyface.The

kidsansweredthedoor,shouting"Mom,another(7)ishere".Somescaredmewith

theirdogs.Someeven(8)tocallthepolice.Somecalledmeathief.(9),

therewereaminorityofpeoplewhogavemethestrengthto(10)hourafterhour,day

afterday.

Iremembersucha(11)：OneSundayattherailwaystationI(12)to

sellsomethingtotwopositivecustomers.OneofthemevenwenttoATMtoget(13)

formeduringthebigrain.WhenIaskedhimnotto(14),hisreplymademeeven

stronger.HesaidthatwhenIcouldsellinthebigrainthenhecould(15)intherain

togetthemoneytohelpme.

Theseexperiencesinmylifemademeastrongerpersonandmademe(16)thatno

matterwhathappensinlife,Icannevergiveup(17).Andthat'showIhavebeenable

toachievealittlesuccessfrombeing(18)tobeingsomewhere.TmtheCEOofmy

ownmarketingcompanynow.

ThelessonIlearntfromdoor-to-doorsalesisthatgooddoorsare(19)there,andwe

haveto(20)severalbadonesbeforereachingthegoodone.Keepgoingandyou'll

reachyourtarget.

21.A.lostB.offeredC.likedD.refused

22.A.easyB.ridiculousC.complexD.confusing

23.A.wroteB.playedC.thoughtD.practiced

24.A.salaryB.resultC.goodsD.partners

25.A.warningB.comfortingC.magicalD.meaningless

26.A.booksB.doorsC.phonesD.windows

27.A.neighborB.strangerC.salesmanD.beggar

28.A.threatenedB.forgotC.expectedD.determined

29.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However

30.A.goawayB.stayupC.carryonD.pullout

31.A.reportB.novelC.movieD.situation

32.A.preferredB.managedC.failedD.wished

33.A.cashB.foodC.drinksD.tickets

34.A.stopB.returnC.troubleD.complain

35.A.sellB.walkC.talkD.stand

36.A.realizeB.imagineC.doubtD.dream

37.A.exercisingB.shoppingC.learningD.trying

38.A.everywhereB.anywhereC.somewhereD.nowhere

39.A.neverB.alwaysC.seldomD.sometimes

40.A.openB.repairC.breakD.avoid

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.Afterdeclininginthe1970s,pandanumbersaregraduallyontheriseagain.Thepanda

wasoncewidespreadthroughoutsoutheasternChina.However,decreasinghabitats,(1)

(nature)disasterssuchastheearthquakesinSichuan,and(2)species*

unwillingnesstobreedseetheblack-and-whitebearbecomeanobjectofprotection.

Thanks(3)agrowingnetworkofreservesandcommunityprotectionactions,

pandasarenolonger(4)(endanger),butthebiggesthopefortheirlong-term

(5)(survive)istheGiantPandaNationalParkwhichwillbeopeninthe

comingmonths.(6)(cover)around10,500squaremiles,theparkwillform

awildlifeconidorincentralSichuanProvince.AttheedgeoftheTibetanPlateau,

Sichuan(7)(attract)alargenumberoftravelersovertheyears.Infact,it's

hometomorethan80%oftheworld'swildpandas.

Theparkisadaringstep(8)isaimedatpreservingthecountry'suniquewonders

andencouragingmorewildlifetourism.(9)(actual),supportingratherthan

transportinglocalcommunitieshasbeenachallengefortheUSduringtheformationofits

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nationalparkssystem,anditremains（10）（see）ifChinawillbeabletostrike

asustainablebalance.Butforthepandasatleast,itannouncesapromisingadvancefor

protectioninaregion.

五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

AnincreasingnumberofEnglish-educatedChineseparentsoverseashascometorealize

theimportantofChineselearning.Intheiropinion,whileEnglishisnecessarytoour

children,itisessentialthattheirkidshavegoodcommandofChinese.China'srisehas

madethemawarehowthattheirkidscanbenefitoftheirbilingualism（双语能力）which

enhancestheircompetitivenessinthejobmarket.Previously,theyproudlydeclarethat

theyknewEnglishonly.Now,theyhavebeguntogivesupporttotheirkidtolearn

Chineseanditsculture.

Beside,theyalsomakeoccasionalvisitstoChina,inthattheycanbeexposedtoitsrich

culture.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假定你是李华，你的好友Jack听闻你校即将举办70周年校庆（anniversary）,他

对此很感兴趣。请给他回信，告诉他活动的相关事宜，内容包括：

1.活动时间、地点；

2.活动内容（精彩的文艺表演等）；

3.欢迎届时来观看演出。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】C

【解析】(1)A.细节理解题。根据关键词"poetry”定位到SecondHarvest,结合本段中”Like

thefirstinstallment,EclecticHarvest,thisbookincludesrhymedpoemswhichem-ploy

differentpoetictechniques.”和第一部《收获折衷主义》•样，这本书收录了押韵的诗歌，

运用了不同的诗歌技巧。所以SecondHarvest这本书最能吸引诗歌爱好者。故选A.

(2)B.细节理解题。结合关键词"PrabhashKaran"，根据"OfHumanNatureandGood

Habits'*,结合Researchclaimsthatmaintainingonly5goodhabits-eatinghealthily,exercising,

drinkingproperly,notsmokingandmaintainingahealthybodyweight-cannotonlykeepthe

lifeingoldenyearshealthybutalsoextendthelifetimeoftheoldmenandwomenby12years

and14yearsrespectively.研究表明，只保持健康饮食、锻炼、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持

健康体重等5个良好习惯，不仅可以使老年人的晚年生活保持健康。而且可以使老年人

的寿命分别延长12年和14年。可知，保持五个良好的习惯(健康饮食、运动、适量饮

酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重。)可以让男性老人和女性老人的预期寿命分别延长12年

和14年。故选B.

(3)C.细节理解题。结合关键词"MarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinosaur”，

结合文章最后一个黑体字部分。根据"MarvltandGoreglivenextdoortoeachother,andare

bestfriends.Thesetwonaughty8-year-oldsseemtogetintoallsortsoftroubles.Atthezoo,

theyhaveamuchdifferentencounternMarvlt和Goreg是邻居，他们是最好的朋友。这两

个淘气的八岁小孩，好像惹了很多麻烦。在动物园里，他们有着截然不同的遭遇可知，

这本书讲述了关于动物和孩子的故事。故选C.

这是一篇应用文。短文向读者推荐了四本书。

考查广告布告类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

4.【答案】

【小题1】C【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】A

第10页，共21页

【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句Itallstartedin1998.”这开始于1998

年。接下来第二段讲述了Mahendra散步时遇到了一条受伤的狗，然后就全身心地照顾

他，直到小狗死亡。再结合第三段"Afterthat,Mahendrastartedprovidingtreatmenttoall

woundedandsickdogshecameacross.”在那之后,Mahendra开始为他遇至ij的所有受伤的

和生病的狗提供治疗，综合可知，一只虚弱、生病的流浪狗的死亡让他决定为残疾和生

病的狗做些什么。故选C.

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第四段中的Finally,RameshBhaiPatel,anativefarmerfroma

villagenamedJundal,agreedtogivehislandfornothing.（最后一个名叫RameshBhaiPatel,

来自Jundal的农民同意将自己的土地无偿让给他。）可知当Mahendra试图建造庇护所

时，他从当地一位农民那里免费得到一块地。故选B.

（3）C.词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线词后的butMahendraisdeterminedthatnomatter

whatchallengecomestheirway,they'11fightthrough.（但是Mahendra决心无论他们面临

什么样的挑战，他们都将战胜它。）以及再结合划线单词所在句子Therehavebeensome

financialcrunchesnowandthen（时不时出现一些金融危机）结合两句的意思以及两句之

间的转折关系，可知行nancialcrunches意思应该是“经济方面的困境，危机”，结合选项，

可知crunches是“危机”的意思，结合选项A.Services服务；B.Advantages优势；C.Crisis

危机；D.Details细节，故选C

（4）A.推理判断题。根据Mahendra救助一只虚弱、生病的流浪狗，并努力建立残犬、

病犬收容所的故事可知，他是一个善良的人。结合选项A.Kind-hearted好心的；

B.Humorous幽默的；C.Open-minded思维开阔的；D.Modest谦虚的，由此可知答案选

A.

本文是一篇人物故事类记叙文，讲述了Mahendra成立印度第一个残犬、病犬收容所的

过程和收容所的现状。

考查人物故事类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

8.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】D

【解析】(1)A.细节理解题。根据第一段"Thelake'sfishhaveprovidedhimwithaway

toearnmoneytosupporthisextendedfamily.How-ever,becausehecan'tcatchenoughfishto

feedhisfamily,henowraisesfarmanimals."(湖中的鱼为他提供了赚钱养家的途径。然而，

由于他捕不到足够的鱼来养活家人，他现在饲养农场动物。）可知，在过去，Traore靠

捕鱼养家。故选A.

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中"*Ifthingsgoonlikethis,Idon'tthinkourchildren

canbecomefishermenlikeus.Theywillhavetochooseotherjobs,'he56-year-oldTraore

said."（”如果这样下去，我想我们的孩子可能成为不了我们这样的渔民了。他们将不得

不选择其他工作，"56岁的特拉奥雷说。）可知，下一代人将会选择其他的职业。故选

D.

（3）A.推理判断题。根据第四段"UNofficialsnotethatthefloodingandaseverelackof

rainfallcancauseproblemsintheSahel：Foodinsecurity,thefightoverfarmlandandthefast

populationgrowthcanleadtoconflict."（联合国官员指出，洪水和严重缺雨会给萨赫勒地

区带来问题：粮食不安全、农田争夺和人口快速增长都可能导致冲突。）可知，可知温

度上升会导致水资源的问题。故选A.

（4）D.代词指代题。根据上文"PeopleintheruralareasWegniaandKononi-Sirakorohave

planted56,000treesinthepasttwoyears."（在Wegnia和Kononi-Sirakoro农村地区的人

们在过去两年里种植了56000棵树。）以及下文"Moreandmorepeopleareturningtoother

agriculture."（越来越多的人转向其他农业。）可知这里指的是这些村民通过建造石头屏

障来使土壤保持雨水，从而更好地控制水分。所以they指的是村民。故选D.

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了马里不断缩小的湖泊意味着渔民家庭的末日•随着气温

升高和蒸发的增加，水体萎缩导致湖泊逐渐缩小，渔民的孩子成为渔民的机会也在减少。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分

析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】D【小题4】A

【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段"Morerecently,thishasmixedwiththegrowing

cultureofmalephysicalperfection,withmenspendingmoretimeinthegymtogetthat

Instagram-perfectlook,helpedalongbyeatinglotsofprotein.（最近，这与日益增长的男性

完美身材文化交织在一起，男性会花更多时间在健身房，以获得Instagram上完美的外

表，同时吃大量蛋白质也有助于这一点。）”可推知，作者提到男人花更多的时间在健

身房来解释为什么男人喜欢吃肉。故选A.

第12页，共21页

(2)D.细节理解题。根据第二段"However,thisisn'tenoughtomakethemgiveupeating

meat,butifenoughpeoplepackeditin,whichmeansifeatingmeatbecametheexception,then

eventhemostenthusiasticmeat-eatermightchangetheirhabits.（然而，这并不足以让他们

放弃吃肉，但如果有足够多的人放弃吃肉，这意味着如果吃肉成为例外，那么即使是最

狂热的肉食者也可能改变他们的习惯。）”可知，足够多的人放弃吃肉的习惯可能会导

致男性放弃吃肉。故选D.

（3）D.主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段第一句"MeninBritainfearsocialshameof

orderingvegetabledishes.（英国男人害怕点蔬菜会让自己蒙羞。）"和最后一段"Deciding

onceandfor

alltogiveupmeatisasingledecisionwhichthendoesn'tcomeupfordiscussionasoften,asit

becomesanacceptedfactoflife.Ifavegetabledietcanpowerthetoughestmen,itshould

surelybe

enoughformaleseverywhere.（彻底决定放弃肉类是一个单一的决定，它不会经常被讨

论，因为它已经成为生活中被接受的事实。如果蔬菜饮食能给最强壮的男人带来力量，

那么对世界各地的男性来说也应该足够了。）"可知，本文主要讲述了英国男人为何难

以放弃吃肉习惯的原因，因为英国男人害怕点蔬菜会让自己蒙羞；结合选项可知，选项

D.Britishmenfearsocialshameoforderingvegetabledishes.（英国男人害怕点蔬菜会在

社交上丢脸）切题。故选D.

（4）A.推理判断题。阅读文章，并根据第二段"Meat-eatersareincreasinglyawareofthe

ecologicalandhealthproblemscausedbytheirconsumption.（肉食者越来越意识到他们的

消费所造成的生态和健康问题。）”可知，本文主要讲述英国男性为何喜欢吃肉的原因，

以及英国男人害怕点蔬菜会在社交上丢脸。由此可推知，本文最可能出现在健康杂志上。

"Ahealthmagazine健康杂志"符合题意，故选A.

这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了英国男人为何难以放弃吃肉习惯的原因，英国男人害

怕点蔬菜会让自己蒙羞。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

16.【答案】

【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】G【小题4】F【小题5】D

【解析】（1）c.推理判断题。根据前句

Theleenageyearsareatimeforlearningandrecognizingsomeresponsibilities表示"青少年

时期是学习和认识一些责任的时期”；以及后句

Thoughteenagersdonothavethesameresponsibilitiesasadults,theydohavesomeveryimp

ortantones表示"尽管青少年没有成年人一样的责任，但他们确实有一些非常重要的责任

”,可知表示“然后青少年可以成长为负责任的成年人”的选项C符合前后提出青少年责

任感话题的语境，故选C.

（2）A.主旨判断题.根据后句

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesistoprovideloveandsupporttotheirparents-"Also,ateenager'sr

esponsibilitiesincludedoinghousework表示"其中一项责任就是为父母提供爱和支持…另

外，青少年的责任包括做家务"，可知表示”青少年在家庭中扮演着重要的角色”的选项A

符合本段的主题，theirparents,housework和family是关联词，故选A.

（3）G.细节理解题。根据前句

Givingemotionalsupporttootherfamilymembersisanotherresponsibilityofateenager表

示”给予其他家庭成员情感上的支持是青少年的另一项责任”，可知表示"它可以影响成

员为最好的而奋斗，帮助他们成为更好的人”的选项G符合前后的语境，it代指

Givingemotionalsupporttootherfamilymembers,故选G.

（4）F.细节理解题。根据前句

Inordertobecomeanimportantpartofsociety,teenagerslearntobegoodcitizens表示"为了

成为社会的重要组成部分，青少年要学会做一个好公民"，可知表示"这有助于他们为成

年后可能面临的艰难决定做好准备”的选项F符合前后的语境，ci