黄河涵闸远程监控系统质量控制

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助!黄河涵闸远程监控系统质量控制魏开松1，黄波2，端木凌云2（1.天桥黄河河务局2.山东黄河勘测设计研究院）摘要：新时期黄河治理开发的标志是：“堤防不决口、河道不断流、污染不超标，河床不抬高”，根据新时期的治水思路，提出了建设好“三条黄河”（即“原型黄河”、“数字黄河”、“模型黄河”）的现代治黄理念。利用先进的传感器技术、电子技术、网络与通信技术对引黄涵闸进行技术改造，实现引黄涵闸的远程监控，黄河水量统一调度和水资源优化配置是“数字黄河”的重要组成部分。关键词：黄河；涵闸;远程监控;系统质量控制1前言由于黄河引黄涵闸分布在黄河下游的沿黄各地，地域空间跨度大，工程条件差，系统组成复杂，管理极为不便。利用先进的传感器技术、电子技术、网络与通信技术对引黄涵闸进行技术改造，实现引黄涵闸的远程监控，即现地测控、视频监控。现地测控系统是引黄涵闸远程监控系统的核心和基础，所有远程监控信息采集、传输及响应均以现地测控系统为基础。通过视频接入终端和控制解码器，可对摄像机云台的转动、镜头的变焦、变倍、变光圈及刮雨器进行控制。所有图像通过视频接入终端压缩后通过网络通信传送到闸管所，以便进行现场管理和控制，同时这些图像经以太网交换机和无线通信传送到黄河水量调度管理系统网络上，供各级水调中心调用。为保证各级监控终端上同时显示三幅图像的连贯性、实时性要求，现场视频接入终端和网络带宽要求的设置中，设备采用了速率自适应功能，能够在网络传输通道得改善时，自动将图像的传输调整到最佳状态。涵闸视频监视系统具备如下功能：⑴闸前、闸后水情及环境状况、闸室的环境状况的视频采集。通过视频接入终端将摄像机采集的视频信号数字化并压缩处理。⑵将压缩数据通过以太网传送给闸管所，以便进行现地管理和控制，同时这些数据通过无线通信传送到各级监控中心，接收远程控制指令，根据指令要求自动切换视频源或对云台和摄像机等设备进行控制。⑶通过控制摄像机转动的角度和焦距的调整实现对涵闸的实时图像监视。2.系统功能本系统包括：现地测控系统、视频监控系统、闸管所监控站、系统电源、网络电话系统、网络通讯设备等。系统总体结构图为：系统主要功能如下：⑴实现涵闸启闭机的实时控制及启闭状态监测；⑵实现涵闸闸前、闸后水位及闸室内环境的实时监测；⑶实现闸前、闸后、闸室及周边环境的现地和远方监视；⑷实现启闭机的限位、过载等安全保护。⑸实现闸室与闸管所、省局、黄委的语音通讯功能。3系统质量控制远程监控系统质量控制主要包括：系统实时性的质量控制；系统可靠性的质量控制；系统可维护性的质量控制；系统可用率的质量控制；系统CPU负载率的质量控制；系统安全性的质量控制；系统可扩性的质量控制；系统软件的质量控制。3.1实时性监控系统满足数据采集、人机通信、控制功能和系统通信的时间要求。⑴数字量采集周期：＜1s;⑵模拟量采集周期：电量＜2s，非电量＜10s;⑶事件顺序记录分辨率：≤5ms;⑷实时数据库更新周期：＜2s;⑸控制命令响应时间：控制命令回答响应时间＜1s；接受执行命令到执行控制的响应时间＜1s;⑹人机通信响应时间：运行人员发出一个新的图像调用命令开始到100%画面显示在显示器上为止的响应时间不超过2s；在已显示画面上动态数据更新周期不超过2s。3.2可靠性控制系统及其设备能够适应本工程的工作环境，具有足够高的抗干扰性能，能长期可靠地稳定运行。本系统设备的MTBF参数如下：（为设备投运后时间）闸管所监控计算机（含硬盘）＞16000h现地监控设备PLC＞30000h3.3可维护性系统的硬件和软件便于维护、测试和检修。⑴设备具有自诊断功能。⑵有便于试验和隔离故障的断开点。⑶配备合适的专用安装插卸工具。⑷预防性维护使磨损性故障尽量减少。⑸互换件和不可互换件可保证识别。⑹可提高硬件的代换能力。⑺软件可方便的进行修改和增加。⑻平均故障修复时间（MTTR）：诊断（或检查）及更换故障插板时间在30分钟以内。3.4可用率系统设计应采用高可靠性元件，实时操作系统应具有实际运行经验，软件实用，能达到较高的系统可用率。在系统试运行及设备验收后的一年保证期内故障时间不超过可使用时间的1%。3.5CPU负载率监控计算机的处理能力留有充分的裕度，能力储备在50%以上，PLC的CPU能力储备在20%以上。3.6系统安全系统在操作、通信、硬件、软件和固件确保安全，具体措施如下：3.6.1操作安全性的保证措施⑴对本系统各项功能和每一次操作提供检查和校核，发现有误时能报警或撤消。⑵当操作有误时，能自动被禁止动作。⑶在人机通信中设操作员控制权口令。3.6.2通信安全性的保证措施：⑴系统设计可保证信息传送中的错误不会导致系统关键性故障。⑵上级水调中心与现地监控系统的通信包括控制信息时，对有否响应作出明确肯定的指示。当通信失败时，可考虑2～5次重复通信并报警。⑶通道设备上提供适当的检查手段，以证实通道正常。3.6.3硬件、软件和固件安全性的保证措施：⑴有电源故障保护。⑵有自检能力，检出故障时能自动显示报警。⑶任何硬件和软件的故障都不会危及系统的完善和人身的安全。⑷系统中任何单个元件的故障不会造成生产设备的误动。3.7可扩性为确保将来可能增加监控的闸门孔数、监控的内容或涵闸扩建后监控扩容，该系统在以下方面具有可扩展性：⑴备用点不少于使用点设备的20%。⑵监控计算机存储器容量有40%以上裕度。⑶留有扩充现地控制单元、外围设备或系统通信的接口。⑷通道利用率留有足够裕度，通道利用率小于50%。⑸柜内应留有可扩充设备的空间。3.8软件性能该远程监控系统包括操作系统、支持程序和实用程序、数据库、人机接口、通信、应用、视频系统等软件，各软件的性能如下：3.8.1操作系统软件⑴系统资源的管理。⑵具有直接控制输入和输出设备的能力。⑶有效地执行高级语言程序。⑷对系统的启动、终止、监视、组态和其他联机活动有交互式语言命令支持。⑸通过任务名称、数据名称和操作符号实现软件相互连接。⑹为系统生成提供服务。3.8.2支持程序和实用程序⑴具有有效的编程软件，以进行应用软件的开发，编程软件包括标准的汇编语言、高级语言编译程序、交互式图像编译程序、交互式报告编译程序和用于PLC编程的梯形图等。⑵具有容易使用和代码汇编的连接装配程序。⑶具有通过终端设备对应用软件进行检验和修改的实用程序。⑷具有存储器转存的实用程序。3.8.3数据库软件⑴数据库的结构和组织能支持应用程序直接迅速存取数据及对数据的查询修改和扩充。⑵保持应用程序与数据之间的高度独立性。⑶保持数据库中数据的可靠性，提供数据保护，以防人为或程序造成的不正当修改。⑷数据库软件能对测量值进行越复限处理及定时、定期进行数据归档、检索。⑸数据库的修改分别以静态数据和动态数据两种形式由相应的编辑程序及其它程序来实现。3.8.4人机接口软件人机接口软件能满足系统功能要求和操作要求，包括实时画面显示与刷新、简报窗口、操作命令分析与处理、参数设定与修改、语音报警、画面拷贝等。具有有效的编程软件，以进行应用软件的开发，如各种编程、编译程序等。3.8.5通信软件通信软件基于TCP/IP以太网络接口，为系统各进程间提供网络透明的通信服务，为系统的资源和数据共享提供必要的条件和有效的保护。通信软件能监视通信通道故障，并进行故障切除和报警；网络通信交换数据量及其频度满足功能要求和系统性能要求。3.8.6应用软件a.系统含有用于完成涵闸监控系统功能的各种应用软件及源程序和开发、维护设备。b.应用软件具有高效性、高可靠性和可维护性，采用模块化设计方法，便于扩展和修改。c.功能软件模块或任务模块具有一定的完整性和独立性，软件环境的设计使运行人员能安全地实现应用软件的补充和修改。3.8.7视频系统软件在涵闸现地安装视频监视前端软件，包括图像数据采集压缩软件、系统控制软件和网络数据传输软件。既可在现场对摄像机和云台进行控制，又可执行上级水调中心发出的视频设备控制命令。在闸管所监控计算机上装设视频监控软件，该软件负责视频设备的管理、图像监控、报警处理、实时控制等功能。4结语该系统设计了各级监控站的权限设置问题，特别是现地启闭机运行控制及故障保护功能的设计，各级监控站权限状态的合理设置，解决了现地与远程发生冲突及出现意外紧急情况时的应急处理措施，使系统功能更加安全完善。通过超声波水位计对闸前、闸后水位的准确测定，确定涵闸引水流量。在研究过程中加入了实时语音对话系统，实现了实时地语音通话功能，使系统应用功能更加完善。通过实施远程监控系统，可实现黄委、省局、市局、县局和现地5级控制，各级均可以通过监视系统掌握所管辖的黄河涵闸的运行情况及现地或远程开启与关闭水闸。达到黄河水量统一调度和水资源优化配置的目的。对黄河引水和工程状况信息进行实时调度，提高了涵闸的现代化管理水平，对确保黄河防洪安全和黄河不断流、促进下游地区社会经济的可持续发展具有重大意义。

QualityControlofSluiceGatesRemoteMonitoringSystemonYellowRiverWeiKaisong1HuangBo2DuanmuLingyun2(1JinanTianqiaoYellowRiverBureau2DesignandReconnaissanceInstituteofShanddongYellowRiver)Abstract:“ThreeYellowRivers”asanewconceptofrivermanagementisputupinrecentyears,viz.“PhysicalRiver,DigitalRiverandModelingRiver”.Theremotemonitoringsystemofsluicegatessystemisoneimportantpartof“DigitalRiver”,whichcanremotelymonitorallthesluicegatesontheYellowriverandrealizecentralizeddispatchofwatervolumeandoptimalallocationofwaterresources.Keywords:Yellowriver,sluicegates,remotemonitoring,qualitycontrol1.PrefaceThesluicegatesofYellowriveraredistributedalongthewholedownstreambanks,andthemanagementisinconvenientduetotheirwidedistributingspace,badfieldconditionandcomplicatedsystemconstitution.Thetechnicaltransformationtothesesluicegatesbyusingmodernsensortechnology,electronictechnology,andnetworkandcommunicationtechnologywouldrealizeremotemonitoringforthesesluicegates,viz.fieldmeasuringandvideomonitoring.Fieldmeasureandcontrolsystemisthecoreandfoundationforthesluicegatesremotemonitoringsystemandallthemessagecollection,transmissionandresponseisonthebasisofit.Byvideoaccessterminalandcontroldecoder,thevideocameracanbecontrolledtorotate,zoomandlensself-cleaning.Alltheimagesarecompressedandtransmittedtothesluicegatemanagementdepartmentbyvideoinputterminalandcommunicationnetwork,thencouldrealizefieldmanagementandcontrol.Meanwhile,theseimagesarealsotransmittedtowatervolumeallocationsystemofYellowriverbyinternetswitchandwirelesscommunicationandusedbywaterallocationcentersatalllevels.Inordertoguaranteethe3Dimage’scontinuityandreal-timedemandonmonitorterminalatalllevels,theequipmentshasadaptationfunctionandcanautomaticallyadjustimagetransmittooptimalstate.Thesluicegatesmonitoringsystemhasfollowingfunctions:（1）Videoinformationofwaterconditionbeforeandafterthesluice,environmentcondition,sluicechamberconditionarecollectedbyvideocameraanddigitalizedandcompressed.（2）Thecompresseddataaretransmittedtogatemanagementdepartmentbyinternet,andthenpracticefieldmanagementandcontrol;atthesametimethedataaretransmittedtomonitoringcenterofalllevelsbywirelesscommunication，andreceiveremotecontrolcommand,thenautomaticallyswitchvideosourceandvideocamera.（3）Realizereal-timevideomonitoringofthegatesbyremotecontrolcamera’srotatingandzooming.2.SystemfunctionThesystemconclude:fieldmeasuresystem,videomonitoringsystem,gatemanagementmonitoringstation,systempower,internettelephonesystem,internetcommunicationequipments,etc.Thestructuregraphofthewholesystemisasfollows.Themainfunctionsofthesystemareasfollows:（1）Itcanrealizethereal-timecontrolofthesluicehoistandthestatemonitoring.（2）Itcanrealizethereal-timemonitoringofthewaterlevelbeforeandafterthesluiceandtheenvironmentinthesluicechamber.（3）Itcanrealizethefieldandremotesurveillanceoftheenvironmentbeforeandafterthesluiceandthesurrounding.（4）Itcanrealizetheprotectionwhenthesluicehoistisexcessoroverload.（5）Itcanrealizethevoicecommunicationamongthesluicegatesplace,theProvincialBureau,andtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission.3.QualityControloftheSystemThequalitycontrolsofremotemonitoringsystemmainlyincludethequalitycontrolofthesystemreal-timeperformances,thereliability,theavailability,theCPUloadrate,thesecurity,theexpansivecapacity,andthequalitycontrolofthesystemsoftware.3.1real-timeperformancesMonitoringsystemcansatisfytheneedoftimeinthedatacollection,human-computercommunication,controlandsystemcommunication.（1）Thedigitalcollectioncycle:＜1s;（2）Theanalogacquisitioncycle:electricity<2s,non-electricity<10s;（3）Theresolutionofthesequenceofeventsrecord:≤5ms;（4）Theupdatecycleofreal-timedatabase:<2s;（5）Theresponsetimeofcontrolcommand:Commandanswerresponsetime<1s;commandimplementationresponsetime<1s;（6）Human-computercommunicationresponsetime:theresponsetimeofanewcommandforcallinganewimagetodisplayonthemonitor<2s;3.2ReliabilityThecontrolsystemandtheequipmentcanadapttheworkingenvironment,hashighanti-interferenceabilityandsteadilyruninalongterm.TheMTBFparametersoftheequipmentareasfollows:Themonitorcomputerofthegatemanagementdepartment>16000h;ThefieldmonitoringequipmentPLC>30000h;3.3MaintainabilityThesystemhardwareandthesoftwareiseasytomaintain,measureandrepair.（1）Theequipmenthasself-diagnosisfunction;（2）Thesystemhasbreakpointforexperimentandfailureisolation;（3）Equippedwithspecialin(un)stalltools;（4）Pre-maintenanceminimizethewearingfailure;（5）Exchangeorun-exchangecomponentscanbeacknowledged;（6）Improvethesubstitutionability;（7）Thesoftwarecanbechangedandcomplementedeasily;（8）Theaveragemaintenancetimeofafailureisin30ms.3.4AvailablerateThesystemdesignshouldadopthighreliabilitycomponents,thereal-timeoperatingsystemshouldhaspracticalrunningexperience,thesoftwareshouldbepractical,thenthesystemcanobtainhighavailability.Thetotalfailuretimeofthesystemshouldnotexceed1%oftherunningtimeduringtheone-yearguaranteetimeofafteroneyeartrialoperationandequipmentacceptancecheck.3.5CPUloadingrateTheprocessingabilityofthemonitoringcomputerhassufficientadequacyandabilitystorageover50%,theCPUabilitystorageofPLCover20%.3.6SystemsafetyThespecificmeasuresforthesystemsafetyonoperation,communication,hardware,softwareandfixedwareareasfollows.3.6.1Guaranteemeasuresforoperationsafety（1）Everyfunctionandoperationofthesystemhascheckandverification,warningandcancelwouldbetookplacewhenerrorisfounded;（2）whenmeetingwrongoperationitwouldbeforbidtooperateautomatically;（3）Acontrolrightcommandisusedonman-computercommunication;3.6.2Guaranteemeasuresforcommunicationsafety（1）Thesystemdesigncanensurenotleadtokeysystemfailureundermessageerrorintransmit;（2）Whenthehighlevelofwaterallocationcenterandthefieldmonitoringsystemhascontrolmessage,itshouldhasclearandconfirmcommand;（3）Theequipmentofinformationpipefixedcheckingtools,thenensureitisformal;3.6.3Guaranteemeasuresforhardwareandsoftware（1）Powerfailureprotection;（2）Self-checkabilityandauto-warningwhenfailureisfound;（3）Anyhardwareandsoftwarefailuredoesn’taffectthesafetyonpeopleandsystem;（4）Anycomponentfailurecannotleadtoerrorrunningoftheequipments.3.7ExtendibilityInordertoguaranteethemonitorextendibilityonaddinggatesnumberorgateextensionconstruction,thesystemhasextendibilityonfollowingaspects:（1）Backuppointsnumberisnotless20%oftherunningequipments;（2）Theadequacyofthecomputerstorageisover40%;（3）Prepareinterfaceatfieldcontrolunitandsystemcommunication;（4）Thepassageusingratehasover50%adequacy.（5）Adequatespaceispreparedinequipmentcabinet.3.8ThePerformanceofSoftwareTheremotemonitoringsystemincludesthesoftwareinoperatingsystems,supportprogramandpracticalprogram,databases,human-computerinterfaces,communications,applications,videosystemsandsoon.Theperformancesofthatsoftwareareasfollows:3.8.1TheOperatingSystemSoftware（1）Itcanmanagethesystemresources.（2）Ithastheabilitytocontroltheimportandexportequipmentdirectly.（3）Itcanimplementthehigh-levellanguageprogrameffectively.（4）Ithasinteractivelanguagecommandwhichcansupportthesystemactivitiesofthestart-up,termination,monitoring,configuration,andotheron-lineactivities.（5）Itcanrealizetheconnectionofthosesoftwarethoughthetaskname,thedatanameandoperatesymbols.（6）Itcanprovideservicesforsystemgeneration.3.8.2SupportProgramandPracticalProgram（1）Ithaseffectiveprogrammingsoftwarewhichcanbeusedtodevelopapplicationsoftware.Thoseprogrammingsoftwareincludethestandardassemblylanguage,high-levellanguagecompiler,interactivegraphicscompiler,interactivereportcompiler,andladderusingforthePLCprogramming,andsoon.（2）Ithasconnectandassemblyprocesswhichusedcodecompilationandcanbeeasilyused.（3）Ithaspracticalprocesswhichcantestandrevisetheapplicationsoftwarewiththeterminalequipment.（4）Ithasthepracticalprogramforthememoryredeposit.3.8.3DatabaseSoftware（1）Thestructureandorganizationofthedatabasecansupporttheapplicationtohaveadirectaccesstodataandrealizetheinquiry,revisionandexpansionofdata.（2）Itcanmaintainthehighindependencebetweenapplicationsanddata.（3）Itcanmaintainthereliabilityofthedatainthedatabaseandprovidedataprotectiontopreventimpropermodificationwhetheriscausedbyman-madeorprocedure.（4）Thedatabasesoftwarecandisposethemeasurementswhileexcessthelimits,anditistimingandregulartoarchiveandretrievedata.（5）Theemendationofdatabaseisseparatelyusedtwoformsofstaticdataanddynamicwhichisachievedbyrelevanteditingprocessandotherprocedures.3.8.4Human-computerInterfaceSoftwareHuman-computerinterfacesoftwarecanmeettherequirementsofsystemandoperation.Theinterfacesincludereal-timescreendisplayandrefresh,briefwindow,analysisandprocessingoftheoperationscommand,thesetandmodificationoftheparameters,voicealarm,theimagecopy,andsoon.Ithastheeffectivesoftwaretodevelopthepracticalprogram,suchasavarietyofprogrammingandcompiler.3.8.5CommunicationSoftwareCommunicationsoftware,whichisbasedonTCP/IPEthernetinterface,canprovidetransparentnetworkcommunicationsservicesfortheprocessofthesystem,andcanprovidenecessaryconditionsandeffectiveprotectionfortheresourcesandinformationshareofthesystem.Communicationssoftwarecanmonitorthefaultinthecommunicationschannel,carryoutfaultremovalandgiveanalarm.Theamountandfrequencyoftheexchangedatainthenetworkcommunicationsshouldmeettherequirementsoffunctionandsystemperformance.3.8.6ApplicationSoftware（1）Thesystemcontainsvariousapplicationsandsourcecodewhichareusedtorealizethemonitoringsystemfeaturesofthesluicegates,andtheequipmentfordevelopmentandmaintenance.（2）Theapplicationsoftwarewhichhashighefficiency,highreliabilityandmaintainability,adoptthemodulardesignforeasyexpansionandmodification.（3）Thefunctionalsoftwaremodulesorthemissionmodulehastheintegrityandindependence,andthedesignofthesoftwareenvironmentenablesthestafftosafelyrealizethecomplementaritiesandmodificationoftheapplicationsoftware.3.8.7VideoSystemSoftwareThefront-endsoftwareofthevideosurveillancesystemisinstalledinthesluicegates,includingcompressionsoftwareforimagedataacquisition,systemcontrolsoftwareandtransmissionsoftwareofnetworkdata.Itnotonlycontrolthevidiconandcloudplatformatthescene,butalsoimplementtheorderofvideofrequencycontrolformthesuperiorwaterdispatchingcenter.Thevideosurveillancesoftwareisinsta