2021年陕西省汉中市高考英语一模试卷

2021年陕西省汉中市高考英语一模试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

AmazingKids'MagazineisproudtoannouncethatwewillbehostingaWildJungleWriting

Contestthisfall!Sendusyourbestjungle-themedstoriesusingthisstarter："Ihadnoideawhy

theywerestandingthere."

ThiscontestisopentogradesK-12,withthreegroupsofK-3,4-8,and9-12.Threewinners

fromeachagegroupwillbechosentowinAmazingKids*prizes,alongwithanofficial

certificateconfirmtheirwinningentry.Allparticipantswillreceiveacertificateof

participationinthecontest.

Submit（提交）allentriesbySeptember30tobeconsidered!Emaileditor@

formorequestionsaboutrulesandspecifications.

FrequentlyAskedQuestions

Q：HowshouldIformatmyentry?

A：StoriesshouldbewritteninEnglish,withsubmissionsoflessthan1,200words.Please

submityourentryasaMicrosoftWorddocument.

Q：HowdoIsubmitmyentry?

A：E-mailyoursubmissiontoeditor@.Eache-mailsubmissionwillreceive

areturnmessageconfirmingthattheessaywasreceived.

Q：Istherejustoneprize?

A：No.Nineseparateprizeswillbegivenout,withacashvalueof$20forfirstplace,$15fbr

secondplace,and$10forthirdplaceineachagegroup.Certificatesofparticipationwillalso

beawardedtoeachparticipantinthecontest.

1.Whichofthefollowingstoriessuitsthecontestmost?

A.Acouplelosttheirwayintheforest.

B.Twobrothersmetabearwhilesearchingtheforest.

C.Ateenagercaughtathiefinacave.

D.Asoldiersavedadrowningboy.

2.Achampionwillreceive.

A.acashvalueof$15B.athank-youletter

C.aprizeandacertificateD.onlyanofficialcertificate

3.Whattypeofwritingisthepassage?

A.Announcement.B.Summary.C.News.D.Guide.

B

Asanadult,IrealizedthatIhadnoskills,soIwenttotradeschool.Ienteredacabinetmaking

（家具制造）program.Ididn'tthinkIwouldbegoodatbuildingfurniture.Fmnothandy.

Nobodyinmyfamilyis.

Ihadgreatteachers,butmakingfurnitureishard.Therearesomanystepsandsomethingcango

wrongateachone.Icouldn'tevengetorganized.Mytoolboxalwayslookedlikeahurricane

hadgonethroughit.

Ididn'tfullyknowwhatIwasdevotingmyselftoatthebeginning,butIkeptgoingtoclass.I

triedtowrapmybrainaroundthemath.Theprojectsforcedmetosolvenewkindsofproblems.

Mybrainstartedtobuildnewconnections.Workinginthisnewphysicalmannerandgivingit

100percentofmyefforthadhugebenefitsformymentalhealth.Igotoverfearof

embarrassmentandaskedforhelpateveryopportunity.

Ispentthatyeartrulylearning.Truelearningisahumbling（令人谦卑的）

experience,especiallyforthoseofuswhoarelearninganewsetofskills.Icouldunderstand

exactlywhatwaswrongwiththefurnitureImade,butIcouldn'tfixmymistakes.Andyetjkept

trying.Andfailing.Andfailingagain.UntilIlearnedtofailbetter.

You'regoingtobebadatanythingwhenyoustartout,butIwasprettybadrighttotheend.Even

so,Ifinishedtheprogram-withhonors!Mygradeswerehelpedbymygoodwrittenwork.

Havingtoconstantlypushbeyondmycomfortzonehasmademeabetter-roundedperson.

Maybemostimportantly,tradeschoolgavemeamorerealisticideaofmystrengthsand

limitations.FmstrongerthanIthought!

4.Whydidtheauthorsignupforthecabinetmakingprogram?

A.Tomakemorefriends.B.Tobecomeahandydesigner.

C.Togetmoreorganized.D.Todevelopnewskills.

5.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?

A.Hehadagiftformakingfurniture.

B.Hebecamestrongerbothmentallyandphysicallyaftertheprogram.

第2页，共22页

C.Thebiggestchallengeforhimistoknowhowtocorrectmistakes.

D.Hefinishedtheprogramwithhonorbecauseofhisexcellentskillsintheend.

6.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthorduringtheone-yearlearning?

A.Hard-workingandconfident.B.Devotedanddetermined.

C.Intelligentandcreative.D.Modestandindependent.

7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconvey?

A.Practicemakesperfect.

B.Nevertoolatetolearn.

C.Learningismorethanaskill.

D.Skillswillneverbeaburden.

c

ANASA-fundedstudyusedsatellitetosearchforpenguinpoops（粪便）inAntarctica：funny

atfirstsightthough,itresultedinuniqueinsightsontheAdeliepenguin'sdietanditsfuture.

Thefindingsunlockedthesecretsaboutthespeciesthatcanprovideanearly-warningofthreats

toAntarctica'sdelicateecosystem.

ResearchersusedsatelliteimagestoseeiftheAdeliepenguin'sdiethasbeenchangingin

responsetoAntarctica'schangingclimate.Adeliepenguinpopulationhasdroppedgreatlyin

someareasevenastheglobalpopulationincreases.Thesatelliteimagesshowtheirpresence

canbedetectedbythestain（污渍）leftontheicebytheirwaste,calledguano.

Maleandfemalepenguinstaketurnsincubating（孵化）inthenest.Theguanobuildsupinthe

sameareasoccupiedbythenests.AglobalsurveyforAdeliepenguinsturnedup3.8million

breedingpairs.Also,thesatellitedatacandetectthecolorofthepenguinguano,rangingfrom

whitetopinktodarkred.Whiteguanoisfromeatingmostlyfish；pinkandredwouldbefrom

eatingmostlykrill（磷虫卜）.TheteamfoundthatwhiletheAdeliepenguin'sdietdidshow

changesfromyeartoyear,noconsistentpatternwasobvious.

"Thiswasabigsurprise,sincetheabundanceanddistributionofAdeliepenguinshaschanged

dramaticallyoverthelast40yearsandscientistshadassumedthatachangeindietmighthave

playedarole,"saidCaseyYoung.However,continuingchangesinthephysicalenvironment

andagrowingkrillfisheryintheregionarelikelytohaveaninfluenceonpenguinprey（猎物）

andpenguinpopulationitself."TheywillbeimportantforthemanagementoftheAntarctic

ecosystem/saidYoung.

8.Whatconcernedscientistsmostaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.TheAntarctica'secosystem.B.TheAdeliepenguin'sdiet.

C.Theclimatechange.D.Thesecretofpenguinpoops.

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheAdeliepenguinpopulationwas3.8millionworldwide.

B.Guanocolorsreflectedthehealthconditionofthepenguin.

C.TheAdeliepenguin'sdietstayedthesamemostofthetime.

D.Adeliepenguinwastehelpedestimatethepenguinpopulation.

10.Whatdoes"This11inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Changesofpenguin'sdietwithoutadefinitepattern.

B.Thewiderangeofthecolorofthepenguinguano.

C.Dramaticchangingofpenguinpopulation.

D.TheabundanceanddistributionofAdeliepenguins.

11.WhatdidCaseyYoung'swordsinfer?

A.MoreAdeliepenguinshaveappearedoverthelast40years.

B.Dietchangesdidn'tactuallyaffectpenguinpopulationasassumed.

C.Therewasnotanobviouschangingpatternofpenguin'sdiet.

D.FisherywasimportantforthemanagementoftheAntarcticecosystem.

D

Anewstudyhasshownhowcomputersandrobotspoweredbyartificialintelligence（AI）can

readhumaneyemovementsto"read"humanpersonalities.

Theeyesarethewindowstothesoul.Andifso,computersandrobotspoweredbycomplex

artificialintelligencealgorithms（算宠去）maysoonhavetheabilitytopeerintoyoursoul.That

istheresultofanewstudyontheconnectionbetweeneyemovementsandpersonality,

conductedbyneuroscienceresearchers.

"Eyemovementsduringaneverydaytaskpredictaspectsofourpersonality,"wrotethe

researchers,ledbyUniversityofSouthAustralianeuroscientistTobiasLoetscher,whoseteam

follows42studysubjectsrecordingtheireyemovements,thendeterminestheirpersonality

characteristics.

TheresearchersfedthedataintotheirAIalgorithmsandfoundthatcomputersrunningthe

algorithmswereabletorecordhumaneyemovementsandimmediatelydetermineaperson's

majorpersonalitycharacteristics,suchas"neuroticism,extraversion（外向）,agreeableness,

第4页，共22页

conscientiousness,aswellasperceptual（感知的）curiosity",thescientistswrote.

"Thenewfindingscouldimprovethewayhumanbeingsinteractwiththeircomputersand

otherhigh-techdevices,evenrobots,allowingformorenaturalandrealisticsocialinteractions

withmachines/Loetschersaid.

“Peoplearealwayslookingforimproved,personalizedservices.Today'srobotsandcomputers

arenotsociallyaware,sotheycannotadjusttonon-verbalinformation/Loetschersaidina

statementquotedbyIndianExpress."Thisresearchprovidesopportunitiestodeveloprobots

andcomputerssothattheycanbecomemorenatural,andbetteratinterpretinghumansocial

signals."

Thestudyrevealedpreviouslyundiscoveredrelationsbetweenspecificpersonality

characteristicsandspecificeyemovementtendencies,accordingtoasummaryinBritain's

DailyMailnewspaper.

12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"peerinto'*inParagraph2probablymean?

A.searchforB.concernaboutC.stareatD.understand

13.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?

A.Itwascarriedoutinalab.

B.42subjects'eyemovementswererecorded.

C.Thestudents1dailymovementsweretracked.

D.Itssubjects*personalitiesweredeterminedbycomputer.

14.WhatdoesTobiasLoetschermeaninparagraph6?

A.Robotsandcomputersaresociallyconscious.

B.Peoplecarelessaboutimproved,personalizedservices.

C.Today'srobotsandcomputerscanaccustomthemselvestonon-verbalinformation.

D.Thediscoverywillimprovetheinteractionbetweenhumanbeingsandrobots.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TellPersonalitiesbyEyeMovements

B.WhatHumanEyeMovementsAre

C.HumanPersonalityCharacteristics

D.HowHumansandMachinesInteract

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

Wordshavegreatpower.Deathandlifeareinthepowerofthetongue.Manyofushavebeen

offendedbywordsandknowhowbadlywordshurt.TodayIwillshareafewtipsonhowto

handletheeffectofnegativewordsspokentoyou.(1).

•Neverletnegativewordsofothersdefinewhoyouare.

(2).Peoplewhohurtyoucanneverreallyharmyouunlessyouallowyourselftobe

definedbythesewords.YouareachildofGod.YouareveryvaluableinthesightofGod,so

neverallowyourselftofeelinferiorjustbythewordsofotherpeople.

•(3).

Ifthereissomethingwrongwithyouractions,andothersaretryingtocorrectyou,itcan

sometimeshurtyourfeelingsiftheirwordsarehurtful.Inthatcase,changethosewordsinto

positivethoughts.Thinklikethisinyourmind,"Yes,I'mwrong,butEllfindoutwaysto

improve.NowIhavehopebecauseIknowIcanchange."

•Respondsoftly.

Ifsomeonespeaksinahurtfulway,takeadeepbreathfirstandtrytospeaksoftlyandkindlyin

response.Asoftanswerturnsawayanger.(4).Itwillbringharminsteadofhealing.

•Besilent.

Ifsomeoneispurposefullyhurtingyoufornoreason,simplybesilentandignoreit.Itsnoneof

yourbusiness.(5).It*snotyourproblemthattheykeeponhurtingyouonpurpose.

Sosimplyleaveit.

A.Youneednotrespondtoeverypersonalcommentfrompeople.

B.Becarefulinthisarea,oryouremotionswillsoonbecontrolledbythewordsofthepeople

aroundyou.

C.Onthecontrary,anangryanswerislikeasword.

D.Itiswisetocorrectothers'mistakebysoftwords.

E.Turnthosewordsintopositivethoughtswithinyou.

F.Don'tworryaboutwhatotherssay.

G.Ifsomeonetellsyou"Youareafbol.n,don'tbelieveitinyourmind.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

第6页，共22页

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30・0分)

OnedaywhenIwas12,mymothergavemeanorder：walktothepubliclibrary,andborrow

atleastonebookforthesummer.Thiswasonemoreweaponforherto(1)mystrange

problem-(2)toread.

Inthelibrary,Isatdownonthefloorand(3)afewbooksofftheshelf(4).

Thecoverofabookcaughtmyeye.It(5)apictureofabeagle.Ihadrecentlyhada

beagle,thefirstandonlyanimal(6)Ieverhadasachild.(7),onemorning,

hewasgone,(8)tosomeonewhohadthespaceandthemoneytocareforhim.Inever

forgotmybeagle.

Thereonthebook'scoverwasabeaglewhichlooked(9)tomydog.I(10)

myfingersoverthepictureofthedogonthecover.Myeyesranacrossthetitle,Amos,the

BeaglewithaPlan.(11),Ireadthetitle.Withoutopeningthebook,Iborrowedit.

IstartedtoreadaboutAmosveryslowlywith(12).Thoughpageswere(13)

slowly,Igotthemainideaofthestory.Attheendofthestory,thefinalsceneof(14)

lingeredonmyminduntilmyownlostdogandIwererunningtogether.

Mymother'scall(15)metotherealworld.Inevertoldheraboutmy*'(16)

"experience,butshesawaslow,yetremarkable(17)inmyschoolperformance.

Yearslater,shewas(18)thathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhD

inliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Bookscouldbe(19)

—__wonderfulandthe(20)______ofthewordshasheld.

21.A.debateB.botherC.defeatD.discover

22.A.inabilityB.possibilityC.substanceD.disadvantage

23.A.pushedB.pulledC.showedD.threw

24.A.atpeaceB.atriskC.atrandomD.atsea

25.A.readB.saidC.drewD.presented

26.A.consultantB.companionC.managerD.adviser

27.A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Otherwise

28.A.givenawayB.givenoutC.givenupD.givenback

29.A.familiarB.intelligentC.friendlyD.identical

30.A.crossedB.pointedC.ranD.touched

31.A.UnknowinglyB.UnfortunatelyC.UnavoidablyD.Unwillingly

32.A.curiosityB.difficultyC.respectD.sympathy

33.A.blownB.shownC.tornD.turned

34.A.celebrationB.reunionC.reformD.attention

35.A.supportedB.liftC.returnedD.swept

36.A.ridiculousB.adventurousC.dangerousD.miraculous

37.A.arrangementB.achievementC.improvementD.movement

38.A.depressedB.proudC.desperateD.confused

39.A.probablyB.hardlyC.graduallyD.incredibly

40.A.powerB.spiritC.honorD.potential

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.PowerPoint,also(1)(know)asPPTfbrshort,isbecominganimportant

teachingtoolinclassnowadays.PPT,withthe(2)(combine)oftext,pictures,

musicandevenmovies,(3)(provide)studentswithvividandinteresting

learningexperienceaswellasalargeamountofknowledge(4)(concern)

theirlessons.Ithelpsteachers(5)(rich)theirteachingmethods,better

teachingeffectsandraiseteachingefficiency.

But(6)goeswithoutsayingthattherearestillsomedrawbackswhenusingPPT

inclass.Firstly,someteacherstendtousePPTsoexcessivelythattheyoftenmerelyread

thetextonPPT(7)necessaryexplanationandinteraction.Thiskindofaction

(8)(doubt)reducesteachers1teachingpressure,butitisharmfultostudents*

learningexperienceandeffect.Secondly,somePPTsaremadenotsowell,andthisis

exactly(9)willimpactteachingeffects.

Inconclusion,teachersshouldfullypreparelessonsbeforeclassandcarefullydesigntheir

PPTs(10)(improve)theirteachingeffectandguaranteestudents1learning

result.

五、短文改错(本大题共I小题，共10.0分)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改。

第8页，共22页

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）

不计分。

Fmgladtohavereceivedyourletter,showingthatyoulongwithmoreinformationabout

China.Inmyopinion,youcanchoosetoworkinChinaaftergraduation.

Foronereason,overthepast30years,Chinahaddevelopedintoapowerfulcountry,that

quantitiesofjobopportunitiesareofferedtotheyoung.What'smore,howyouare

studyingisbadneededinChinanowadays.Infacts,manybigcompaniesarehopingto

employpeoplelikeyou.

Foranotherreason,Chinaisacountrywithverydifferentculturesandtraditionsfromthe

Westthataplentyofforeignersenjoylivingandworkinghere.Fmsureyou'lladaptthe

environmentsoon.Unlessyoucome,IwilldowhateverIcantohelpyou.Sowhatareyou

waitingfor?

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假定你是李华，准备竞选学生社团”英语沙龙（EnglishSalon）”的主席，请用英语

写一篇竞选演讲稿。主要内容包括：

1.个人优势；

2.工作设想。

参考词汇：竞选runfor

注意：1.100词左右；

2.适当增加内容，合理组织语言使上下文连贯；

3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Goodafternoon,mydearfriends,

Thanksalotforyourcomingtothiselectioncampaign.

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A

【解析】(1)B.推理判断题。根据文章第一段AmazingKids'Magazineisproudtoannounce

thatwewillbehostingaWildJungleWritingContestthisfall!Sendusyourbest

jungle-themedstoriesusingthisstarter

神奇儿童杂志自豪地宣布，今年秋天我们将举办一个野生丛林写作比赛！用这个发条给

我们你最好的丛林主题故事。可知，该比赛的主题是关于野生丛林故事，结合选项，C

选项一个小学生在探索森林时遇到了一头熊，符合写作主题，故选B.

(2)C.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Nineseparateprizeswillbegivenout,withacash

valueof$20forfirstplace,$15forsecond

place,and$10forthirdplaceineachagegroup.Certificatesofparticipationwillalsobe

awardedtoeachparticipantinthecontest.比赛将

分9个奖项，第一名奖金20美元，第二名奖金15美元，第三名奖金10美元，每位参

赛者都将获得参赛证书。可知，冠军会获得奖金奖励以及收到证书，结合选项，故选C.

(3)A.文章类型题。根据文章最后一段内容AmazingKids'Magazineisproudloannounce

thatwewillbehostingaWildJungleWritingContestthisfall!Sendusyourbest

jungle-themedstoriesusingthisstarter

神奇儿童杂志自豪地宣布，今年秋天我们将举办一个野生丛林写作比赛！用这个为主题，

发条给我们你最好的丛林主题故事。可知，该文章主要讲述的是儿童杂志即将举办的写

作大赛的通知，并对该写作大赛的要求和投稿地点和时间进行了说明，因此这应该是一

个广告。结合选项,A.Announcement公告,广告；B.Summary总结；C.News新闻；

D.Guide指南。故选A.

本文章主要讲述的是儿童杂志即将举办的写作大赛的通知，并对该写作大赛的要求和投

稿地点和时间进行了说明。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

第10页，共22页

文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

取义。

4.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】C

【解析】(1)D.细节理解题。根据原文第一段"Asanadult,IrealizedthatIhadnoskills,

soIwenttotradeschool.Ienteredacabinetmaking(家具制造)program.作为—^成年人，

我意识到我没有技能，所以我去了贸易学校。我参加了一个家具制作(cabinetmaking)

项目。”可知作者要报名参加橱柜制作项目能发展新技能。故选D.

(2)C.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段"Icouldunderstandexactlywhatwaswrongwith

thefurnitureImade,butIcouldn'tfixmymistakes.Andyet,Ikepttrying.Andfailing.And

failingagain.UntilIlearnedtofailbetter.我能确切地理解我做的家具出了什么问题，但我

不能改正我的错误。但是，我一直在努力。失败了。再次失败。直到我学会更好地失败。

“可知关于作者我们能得知

对他来说最大的挑战是知道如何改正错误。只有C项是推理得出，其他几项都是原文中

提到的信息。故选C.

(3)B.细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段"Andyet,Ikepttrying.Andfailing.Andfailing

again.UntilIlearnedtofailbetter.但是，我一直在努力。失败了。再次失败。直到我学会

更好地失败。”可知作者很有决心。根据原文第三段"Workinginthisnewphysicalmanner

andgivingit100percentofmyefforthadhugebenefitsformymentalhealth.Igotoverfearof

embarrassmentandaskedforhelpateveryopportunity.以这种新的身体方式工作并付出100%

的努力对我的心理健康有巨大的好处。我克服了对尴尬的恐惧，利用一切机会寻求帮助。

“可知作者很投入。可知对于这一年的学习中，”投入的和决心的“最能描述作者。

A.Hard-workingandconfident努力工作又自信的；B.Devotedanddetermined投入的和决

心的；C.Intelligentandcreative聪明伶俐的又富有创造力的；D.Modestandindependent

谦虚和独立的。故选B.

(4)C.主旨大意题。根据原文主旨：作为一个成年人，我意识到我没有技能，所以我

去了贸易学校。我参加了一个家具制作(cabinetmaking)项目。之后作者发现自己很

有做家具的天赋，并且在他坚持不懈地努力下最终然自己变得更加强大。可知作者想表

达的是学习不仅仅是一种技能。故选C.

作为一个成年人，我意识到我没有技能，所以我去了贸易学校。我参加了一个家具制作

(cabinetmaking)项目。邂逅后作者发现自己很有做家具的天赋，在这个过程中可能会

犯很多错误，但是真正的学习是一种谦卑的经历，尤其是对于那些正在学习一套新技能

的人来说。最终在他坚持不懈地努力下最终然自己边和更加强大。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

8.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】B

【解析】(1)A.细节理解题。根据原文第一段中的Thefindingspublishedrecentlyunlocked

thesecretsaboutthespeciesthatcanprovideanearly-warningofthreatstoAntarctica's

delicateecosystem.这些近期发表的研究

成果解锁了企鹅物种的秘密，提供了南极洲脆弱生态系统风险信息的早期预警。“an

early-warningofthreatsto"与题干中的"concernedscientistsmost"呼应，可知

科学家研究随着气候变化而导致的企鹅饮食结构的改变，但最关心、最要紧的是这背后

所预警的南极生态系统风险，故选A.

(2)D.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Researchersusedsatelliteimagestoseeifthe

Adeliepenguin'sdiethasbeenchanginginresponsetoAntarctica'schangingclimate.Adelie

penguinpopulationhasdroppedgreatlyinsomeareasevenastheglobalpopulation

increases.Thesatelliteimagesshowtheirpresencecanbedetectedbythestain(污渍)lefton

theicebytheirwaste,calledguano."可知，研究人员利用卫星图像来观察阿德利企鹅的饮

食是否随着南极洲气候的变化而改变。虽然全球企鹅数量增加，但在某些地区，阿德里

企鹅的数量却大幅下降。卫星图像显示，它们的存在可以通过它们的排泄物在冰上留下

第12页，共22页

的污点来检测，这种污点叫做鸟粪。由此可知，阿德利企鹅粪便帮助估算企鹅数量。故

选D.

（3）A.代词指代题。This此处为代词。代词的作用之一用来指代前文提及的内容。根

据文章第四段中的Thiswasabigsurprise,sincetheabundanceanddistributionofAdelie

penguinshaschangeddramaticallyoverthelast40yearsandscientistshadassumedthata

changeindietmighthaveplayedarole,"saidCaseyYoung."可知，这是一个很大的惊喜，

因为阿德利企鹅的数量和分布在过去40年里发生了巨大的变化，科学家们认为饮食的

变化可能起了作用，”凯西杨说。由此可知，科学家本以为企鹅饮食上的变化会影响到

企鹅的数量和分布。但是通过研究却发现不是这样子的，所以才会感到惊喜。故此处的

this应是指代前文第三段最后一-句"TheteamfoundthatwhiletheAdeliepenguin'sdietdid

showchangesfromyeartoyear,noconsistentpatternwasobvious.（研究小组发现，虽然阿

德利企鹅的饮食确实每年都有变化，但没有明显的一致规律），即“企鹅饮食的变化没

有固定的模式。”故选A.

（4）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"

Thiswasabigsurprise,sincetheabundanceanddistributionofAdeliepenguinshaschanged

dramaticallyoverthelast40yearsandscientistshadassumedthatachangeindietmighthav

eplayedarole,"saidCaseyYoung.However,continuingchangesinthephysicalenvironment

andagrowingkrillfisheryintheregionarelikelytohaveaninfluenceonpenguinprey（猎

物）andpenguinpopulationitself."（凯西杨说："这是一个很大的惊喜，因为过去40年

来，阿德里企鹅的数量和分布发生了巨大变化，科学家们认为饮食的改变可能起到了一

定的作用。”然而，该地区自然环境的持续变化和磷虾渔业的不断增长，可能会对企鹅

猎物和企鹅种群本身产生影响）"可知，本来科学家觉得饮食的改变会起到一定的作用，

但是该地区自然环境的持续变化和磷虾渔业的不断增长，可能会对企鹅猎物和企鹅种群

本身产生影响。因此B项”饮食的改变实际上并不像假设的那样影响企鹅的数量”符合题

意。故选B.

这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家对南极企鹅物种生态的研究，展现了近年来物种数

量、饮食结构等各方面的变化。

考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

12.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】D【小题4】A

【解析】（1）D.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Andifthatistrue,computersandrobots

poweredbysophisticated（复杂的）artificialintelligencealgorithms（演算法）maysoonhave

theabilitytopeerintoyoursoul.（如果这是真的，由复杂的人工智能算法驱动的计算机

和机器人可能很快就能窥视你的灵魂）可知，划线单词意为：理解、明白。A.Searchfor

寻找；B.Concernabout关心；C.Stareat盯着；D.Understand理解。故选D.

（2）B.细节理解题。根据文章第三段whoseteamfollows42studysubjectsaroundIhe

universitycampusrecordingtheireyemovements,thendeterminestheirpersonalitytraits

（特点）with"well-establishedquestionnaires"fordeterminingpersonalitytype.（该

研究小组在大学校园内对42名研究对象进行了观察，记录他们的眼球运动，然后用“成

熟的问题”来确定他们的性格特征）可知，研究人员通过记录42名研究对象的眼球运动

来进行这项研究的。故选B.

（3）D.推理判断题。根据文章第六段Thenewfindingscouldimprovethewayhuman

beingsinteractwiththeircomputersandotherhigh-techdevices,evenrobots,allowingfor

morenaturalandrealisticsocialinteractionswithmachines.

（这项新发现可能会改善人类与电脑和其他高科技设备，甚至是机器人的互动方式，从

而使人类与机器进行更自然、更现实的社会互动成为可能）可知，这一发现将改善人类

和机器之间的互动。故选D.

（4）A.标题判断题。根据文章第一Anewstudyhasshownhowcomputersandrobots

poweredbyartificialintelligencecanreadhumaneyemovementsto"read"human

personalities.（本文章主要介绍了一项新的

研究发现一由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读"

人类的性格）因此，A项”通过眼睛的运动来判断一个人的性格”适合做为本文标题。故

选A.

本文是一篇社会文化类阅读理解，文章主要讲述了一项新的研究表明，由人工智能驱动

的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读"人类的性格。

考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

16.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】G【小题3】E【小题4】C【小题5】A

第14页，共22页

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。上文提到"Iwillshareafewtipsonhowtohandletheeffect

ofnegativewordsspokentoyou.”，作者在下面几段中将分享一些应对负面话语所带来的

影响的小建议；B项中”・・・youremotionswillsoonbecontrolledbythewordsofthepeople

aroundyou（你的情绪很快就会被你周围的人的话所控制）”是对上文中的"theeffectof

negativewordsspokentoyou”的进一步解释。故选B.

（2）G.推理判断题。该段小标题为"Neverletnegativewordsofothersdefinewhoyouare.

”作者在此提出的建议是永远不要让别人的负面言论定义你是谁；G