2014考研英语一试题及答案的解析

SectionIUseofLanguage Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(S)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveinligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatinligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouyto19onthestrengthsyouaredevelo--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseandvaryyourmuscleuse.12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-1516-20[B][C][D引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把放在哪里了[选项分析]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments这句话的意思是“由于大脑2我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆”，由此可以排除[A]D。[选项分析]这四个选项均为形容词，[A]表示“不均匀”，[B]表示“有限的”，[C][D]A[D]来有害的影响。[A]wellbeing“”。[B]environment“环境”。[C]relationship[标准答案][A][选项分析][A]itturnsoutthat“原来，其实”。[B]itfindsoutthat“本文发现”。[C]itpointsoutthat“”。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文发现”It代表神经科学，这句话的意思是越来越多的精家们都表示，大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。：kaoyanyun（或者搜索中文：好给力）来往：好给力。itturnsoutthat[A]roundabouts[B]responsesexercise[C][选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]genre类型，种类。[B]functions功能。确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能，根据语义，选择[B]functions[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]channelB]condition[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel超过。[D]feature的聪明程度)方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。excel[选项析]本题要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的(inherited)，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mentaleffort)[D]Howeve注：kaoyanyun（或者搜索中文：好给力）来往：好给力。[D]insteadof[选项分析]本题的是固定搭配：takeastep……，能搭配只有A和C，分别指A[选项分析]本题的是动宾搭配：improveandregainsb’smental……，再根[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以系统地改善你的力和D。[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以学习进度，并且给予详pacewith，所以排除，B选项为正确答案，keeptrackof意思为。D[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会调整并升级有关训练游性的主语应该为人，直接排除。B，DC不断on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加;Bcarryon执development相搭配。[选项分析]本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exerciseroutine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的increase寺C(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,D.MarkyourchoiceonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextInorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-thentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.WhatcouldbemoreMoreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’rengthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialetofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousinthe解析：文章概括：大臣GrorgeOsbome提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedprovidetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.inorderto后面找工作的内容则选择B选项。：kaoyanyun（或者搜索中文：好给力）Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toaccepttheernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromtheernment.[D]toattendaernmentaljob-trainingC，tosignonspendlookingforworkACWhatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.AAccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeelAunemployedlosingajobATowhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.答案:B细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A选项根据大写字母TheBritishwelfareOsborne’sreforms据题干“thejobseekers’allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到“nofundamentalright”，恰与C选项表意相反，所以C是反向干扰。D选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，所以属于无中生有。TextAllaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewceswhereshavemoregroundsforcomintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyReformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthaterntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeeoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanservesInfact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfroms.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”与题干有重合之处，选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“s”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意，第一段的But是个假转折词，WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessional据题干“thecostsoflegaleducation”精确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstopathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationfortheleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginateslawyers’ands’strong.[B]therigidbodieserningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.题干“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthaterntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”选项BTheguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”becausebansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.DistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirmThiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此外，在该段最后一句提到“…keeoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanservesethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。Inthistext,theauthormainlyflawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegal均在说法律职业存在的问题，最后一段提出了解决措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,encouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.C。其TextTheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromtheephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinWhat’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycominaboutthenew,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace. TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’swealth.[B]apossiblerecementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardfor答案：AFundamentalPhysicsPrizeentrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、rewardAAThephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablytheprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.答案：B。为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段没有出题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项，whohavemadetheircareersinresearch即为B选项中的Thefounders。 Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophiscontroversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.答案：DthecaseinvolvesHiggsboson，natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedAccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.答案：A。为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提示信息非常少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。 ：kaoyanyun（或者搜索中文：好给力）C选答案为A。Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.答案：A。为主旨题。本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明体现了文章的主A。Text“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandInresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,withDukeUniversityRichardBrodheadandretiredExelonCEOJohnRoweasco-chairmen.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitys,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativeernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfulllicy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericanernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitalToencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Oneofthemorenovelideasinthereportisthecreationofa"CultureCorps"incitiesandtownacrossAmericato"transmithumanisticandsocialscientificexpertisefromonegenerationtothenext."Unfortunay,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenrecedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesfordisseminating"progressive,"orleft-liberalToday,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasmarkets,self-relianceandadistrustofcentralnning—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofandsometimeslegitimate,inlectualTheAAASdisysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.Yetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatcongressaskedittoilluminate.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?AAAS”praiseBappreciative(欣赏however，我们知道如果第一段出现转折，那此转折一定跟主harmthangood.”让我们知道它的还多余利，所以答案选择A，性的。InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonretainpeople’sinterestinliberaldefinetheernment’sroleinkeepaleadingpositioninliberalsafeguardindividualsrightsto37题在第二段出题的可能性就很大。同时题干定位”InfluentialfiguresintheCongress”与“leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans”同义替换。定位的askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandindividualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“也就是说答案重点maintainnationalexcellenceCleadingposition进行同义替换。ABDAccordingtoParagraph3,thereportanexclusivestudyofAmericanagreateremphasisontheoreticaltheapplicationofemergingfundingforthestudyofforeign38Chistory选项B;是讲theoreticalsubjects;选项C]emerging;选项Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的时候，A“exclusive有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandernment,particularlyAmericanandAmericanernment;”这句话中体现。B选项中的理论学科没有定位点。D选项与原文“increasedfundingforteachers”以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,”不符。属于李戴。“encouragestheuseofnewdigital.”与选项CTheauthorimpliesinParagraphSthatprofessorssupportiveofcautiousaboutinlectualconservativeaboutpublicbiasedagainstclassicalliberal39题选B，属于推理题。Implies是推理题的标志。同时根据提题干定位第五段，找professor.“professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasmarkets,self-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,inlectualinvestigation.”A选项中的markets前面的修饰词语是conservativeorliberalideas没有体现A选项中的supportiveC选项中的conservative与文中progressivepublic不符合。D选项中biased没有体现，B。WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheWaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheIlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheTheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalProgressivevs.Liberal题选择B。主旨大意题。先看其他题题干，我们锁定是report，而report就是“theheartofthematterCDA发现文章并没有讲如何抓住“问题”的各个方法。排除A，选择BPartThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistGandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsRenemillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymaptheentirecityofTeotihuacaninthevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeopleHowdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.SurveysandtestsampleshavealsoeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalSurveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbone,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairnesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTuhamumexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’sinterpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinnningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeological41---A---42.---E---43---44---解析：本文选自于2003年TheInternationalHistoryProject的文章，题目余下选项进行选择。Banother，所以不会是第一段。EtheirDCCF段一定要提到inonecase,而D选项中有inonecase.所以，D选项。PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesameatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourtoit,andnotgraspmusicBeethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasathinking,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.ThiscourageousattitudeinfactesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewofdom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:hedomofthoughtandofalBeethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaos