万学海文2016考研寒假学习计划英语

一、英语学习任务总体目标(一)知己知彼，百战不殆1、试卷结构及目标分值分题（客观题10340104（题10410620/100552、试卷总体难度年难a 寒假英语基础知识学习目 二、寒假学习任1、考级数构考学词2、对方法一：循环4-54- 轮量目现在-1561-25500157-9355001510-1143000151251500词不要太多，一组单词安排在20个左右最合适。总之，寒假期间，需要根据自方法二：全脑20353025提示在寒假期间考研词汇的学习可严格按照超级智能云学习系统提供的文（二）语法长难句1、考近十年考研英语各题型直接命题处的语法知识点考频统2、对文视从语言逻辑的法知40课视觉和听觉理解复杂句式握语法考点30习动形成长难句分20（三）基础阅读1、考英语考试大纲在语言技能中，对阅读技能考查考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报的不同类型的文字材（生词量不超过所读材料总词2、对Step1：Step2：Step3：Step4：Step5：Step6：Step7：Step

语篇精细阅读训练方法三、学习任务量化分1、时间规划：在寒假中，除去过年进行适当的休息外，我们完全可充分利用的复习时间为2、任务规划：周学习内容任务量分配对应学习资料对应课程块，每个模块学习时间为1超级系统学2、超级学习系1、超级系统2、超级学习系2、2016考研寒假学习计划附2天学1个模20个1.52个(即1.5小时)的课程1超级系统学2、超级学习系1超级系统学2、2016考研寒假学习计划附2天学1个模20个1.52个(即1.5小时)的课程1假学习计划附2016213、具体安排：学习任务考高级学优化课程学习解题训练目20个模20个考研A-Z的高频(30~45分钟)学习标(20、22、完成本学习项目核(25~40分钟)(50~65分钟)学习精(35、42、33、分钟智能配给经典(65~80分钟)语法学习项目1：“动词时态和见的时态形式及考点③(25~40分钟)(40分钟完成寒假学习计划附录2中1-5题(20~35分钟)语法学习项目成和意义②动的语能、(35~50分钟)(40分钟完成寒假学习计划附录2中6-10题(20~35分钟)学习任务考高级学优化课程学习解题训练语法学习项目3：“非谓语动词词的语能及其复合结构(35~50分钟)(40分钟完成寒假学习计划附录211-15题(20~35分钟)语法学习项目(45~60分钟)(40分钟完成寒假学习计划附录216-20题(20~35分钟)语法学习项目掌握特殊定语从句，包括特殊关系词引导的定语从句、“介词+关系代词引导的定语从句、分隔式定语从句、多重定语从句和省略式定语(45~60分钟)(40分钟完成寒假学习计划附录221-25题(20~35分钟)学习任务考高级学优化课程学习解题训练语法学习项目(40~55分钟)(40分钟完成寒假学习计划附录225-30题(20~35分钟)(45~60分钟)完成寒假学习计划34四、 考研超级学习套1-12016考研超级学习手1-2考研导论课1-3考研全程规划课1-4考研学习资料选择方案课程1-5院校专业选报决策方案课程1-6政治+英1-7专业课启动学习方案课程1-8政治导学课1-9英语导学课1-10数学导学课2-1政治全阶段智能优化标准课程2-2政治全阶段智能高级2-3政治重点题型智能解题训练与精细解2-42-5政治常规强化课2-6政治考试大纲深度精讲课程52-7政治与政策专题课82-8政治归纳题型精讲2-9政治常规冲刺课2-10政治预测点题课83-1英语全阶段智能优化标准课程3-2英语全阶段高级智能3-3英语重点题型智能解题训练与精细解3-4英语词汇智能聚焦高效训练项3-53-6英语常规强化课3-7料63-8英语归纳题型精讲课程与配套材3-9英语常规冲刺课3-10英语大小作文预测点题课程8超级系统教学与特训规课4-1数学全阶段智能优化标准课程4-2数学全阶段高级智能4-3数学重点题型智能解题训练与精细解4-44-5数学常规强化课超级系统教学与特训规课4-6料64-7数学归纳题型精讲课4-8数学常规冲刺课超级系统教学与特训规课4-9数学预测点题课8超级系统教学与特训规课5-1院校与专业报考选择深度指导课45-2目标点关键人脉连通策略指导课25-3学术专业课精细学习方案指导课65-4专业专业课精细学习方案指导课65-5程66-1全阶段智能优化标准课6-2传统阅读理解智能优化标准课6-3新型阅读理解智能优化标准课6-4翻译智能优化标准课6-5作文智能优化标准课2.2016考研超级学习套装实现方3.2016考研超级学习套装启动步附录一：通关400考研高词re

附录二：通关难点语法长难句PleaseyzethestructureofeachsentenceandthentranslateitintoTheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakece.TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Activelearning,inwhichstudentswriteessaysorperformexperimentsandthenhavetheirworkevaluatedbyaninstructor,isfarmorebeneficialforthosewhohavenotyetfullylearnedhowtoAlthoughperhapsonlyonepercentofthelifethathasstartedsomewherewilldevelopintohighlycomplexandinligentpatterns,sovastisthenumberofnts,thatinligentlifeisboundtobeanaturalpartoftheuniverse.Ifyouareyounger,andinasolidfinancialposition,youmaydecidetotakeanaggressiveapproach—butonlyifyou’reblessedwithasanguinedispositionandwon’tsuffersleeplessnightsovershareprices.Parentswouldbegreatlysurprisedanddeeplytouched,iftheyrealizedhowmuchbelieftheirchildrenusuallyhaveintheircharacterandinfallibility,andhowmuchthisfaithmeanstoachild.Thelecturesystemreducesfeedbacktoaminimum,sothatthelecturercanneitherjudgehowwellstudentsunderstandthematerialnorbenefitfromtheirquestionsorcomments.Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Onlythroughthedevelopmentoflocalskillandcompetence,throughincreasednumbersofprovidersandusersofknowledge,canthedevelocountriesbridgethegapseparatingthemfromdevelopedcountries.Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.Thereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeigner(oranEnglishman)toappreciatetherichnessandvarietyoftheEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusesItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcourseshasgrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Whethertheernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedriving.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.Ihavenotedthateducationisconservative,andthatthisconservatismisnotnecessarilyOnedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheronecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustinnasty.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Thosenningatriptoremoteareas,orintendingtoliveincountrieswheredrinkingwaterisnotreadilyavailable,shouldknowaboutthevariouspossiblemethodsformakingwatersafe.Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenes,creatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandfulTheonlymealsregularlytakentogetherinBritainthesedaysareattheweekend,amongrichfamiliesstrugglingtoretainsomethingoftheoldsymboloftogetherness.Inadraftprefaceto mendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,suggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe“morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning.”Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryos(theearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirth)forresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo’slife,NBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessItmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:firstly,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Whatweshouldliketoknowiswhetherlifeoriginatedastheresultofsomeamazingaccidentorsuccessionofcoincidence,orwhetheritisthenormaleventforinanimatemattertoproducelifeinduecourse,whenthephysicalenvironmentissuitable.Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexnation.【译文的经济体制基本上由私营企业组成，并以市场经济为导向的经济基础建立起来的。经下费过上他要和，程如果家长孩子通常是多么相信家长品行端正、完美无缺，这种信念对于孩用这种方法去探讨新英格兰人一般意味着从清们的创新以其关于教堂的鲜明成员已达成了广泛的一致，即认为用成人克隆技术婴儿是有悖道德的。早阶段）或有意识地危及胚胎的生命，NBAC将在胚胎研究这一问题上。另一个不要因油价上涨而失眠的原因是：不同于20世纪70年代，这次油价上涨并不是在附录三：通关精细阅读训练法2008TextIntheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeyersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadyedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesyingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople—especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations—apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAyers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingyersfromallovertheworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients—notably,protein—tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight—5'9"formen,5'4"forwomen—hasn’treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthc.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutaltion.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexample illustratethechangeofheightofNBAshowthepopularityofNBAyersintheassesstheachievementsoffamousNBAWhichofthefollowingysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtotheGenetic [B]Natural[C]Living [D]DailyOnwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyNon-AmericansaddtotheaverageheightoftheHumanheightisconditionedbytheuprightAmericansarethetallestonaverageintheLargerbabiestend etallerinWelearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenear thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformthedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremaingenetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingtheexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeThetextintends lus thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclichumanheight ingevenmoreAmericanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowththegeneticpatternofAmericanshas一、全文翻译42名这样的球员中的一员了。过去几年，参加来说，在现有环境和水平下，我们已经达到了身高的极限。”至于NBA球员，他们身需求。20世纪初期，营养不良和儿童传染病盛行，但随着饮食和健康的改善，儿童和青少201.5英寸，这就是被称之为身高增长长期趋势的模式。然而根据疾病控制与预防中心的数据(5.9英尺，女性5.4英尺)，从1960年以来并没有改变过。从的资深人类学家克莱尔·戈登保证说：90%的和工作间适合新兵使用，不需二、答案2008TextWhilestillcatchinguptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVen’sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthathormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseoftheAddingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“It’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthatthey ewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthees.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysical.Thekindsofinteralthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunay,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecowithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoWomenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbyWomenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincowithMenandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwith needextradosesofchemicalstohandlearemorecapableofavoidingareexposedtomoreAccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendsto domesticand [B]irregularand[C]durableand [D]trivialandThesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line5,Para.5)shows AlvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingAlvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdAlvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentAlvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheStrainofStress:NoWayResponsestoStress:Gender ysis:WhatChemicals一、全文翻译显得遥遥领先。据纽约退伍管理医院的首席医师耶胡达说，“在面对压力时，女到极限的雌鼠的(雌性官)切除，那么其体内的化学反应会和雄鼠相同。常都不是的。这些长期的人际关系产生的摩擦具有很大破坏力。”阿德琳·18岁结婚并育有一子，但她却决定要完成大学学业。“为了获得大学我拼命努力。我的生活极其不如意，上学、取得进步、做得更好成为我摆脱现实困境二、答案2003TextInrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscominthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyone .Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,time-consuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremeRailroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.It’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketce?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkandCSXincreasetheirgripontheAccordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikely costreductionisbasedonservicescallforcross-tradeoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoshipperswillhavetherailwaybytheWhatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3 shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivaltherewillsoonbeonlyone overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforrateaernmentboardensuresfairyinrailwayTheword“arbiters”(Line7,Paragraph4)mostprobablyrefersto whoworkaswhofunctionaswhosupervisewhodeterminetheAccordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycaused thecontinuingthegrowingthecheeringWalltheshrinking一、全文翻译原油的价格已从去年12月的不到10一桶上涨到26一桶。油价近三倍的上涨令人回想起1973年的石油，当时的油价涨了四倍，也让人想起了1979年至1980年期间，当70年代相比，现在多数国家里的原油价格在汽油价格中占有更小的份额。在欧洲，税在每一所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。在一期的《经济展望》中国际经合组织估计，如果全年的油价为平均每桶22，与1998年的13一桶相比，这也只会使富裕国家的石油进口支出GDP0.250.5个百分点。这还19741980年不用为油价上涨而失眠的另一个原因是，与20世纪70年代不同，这次油价上升并不是发学家》的商品价格指数与一年前相比，总体上没有什么变化。1973年的物价上涨了70%，而1979年也上升了30%。二、答案2003Text32007TextIfyouweretoexaminethebirth sofeverysocceryerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesocceryersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingatohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleach “encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.ThebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsocceryersismentionedstresstheimportanceofprofessionalspotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorldintroducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertexinwhysomesoccerteamsybetterthanTheword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobably [D]AccordingtoEricsson,gooddependsonmeaningfulprocessingofresultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveisdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalrequiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofEricssonandhiscolleaguesbelievetalentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalbiographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellenttheroleoftalenttendstobehighachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytoWhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriesto“Faithwillmove [B]“Onereapswhatone[C]“Practicemakes [D]“Likefather,like一、全文翻译如果检查一下2006年锦标赛所有参赛运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现为和职业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一现象更加明显。对这一奇怪现象该做何解释呢？以下是几种猜想：(a)某些星座的人更具有天赋(b)冬季出生的孩子往往具有较大的氧容量，这增强了他们在运动中的耐力。(c)对狂热的父母容易在春天怀孕，因为那是一年中狂热的期。(d)以上猜想都不对。专业研究的机会。大约30年前他进行了第一次试验，与力相关：训练一个人听一系列任意选择的数字然后让他进行重复。埃里克森回忆说，“第一个被测试对象在经过了约20埃里克森和他的同事由此开始对众多领域(包括领域)中的佼佼者进行研究。他们竭二、答案2007Text12006TextStratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeare(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheys,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthceandtheotherTheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside--don’tusually