2021高考英语一轮复习选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业含解析新

PAGEUnit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业Ⅰ.阅读(2020·贵州省安顺市高三联考)KitchenProducts◆SandwichBaggyRackThesebaggystandswillupyourlunch­makinggamelikenobody'sbusiness.Setthemupwithasandwichbagattached,getoutyoursnacks,andgetreadytosetsomerecordsformakingthe“world'sfastestbaggedlunch”.They'realsogreatifyouneedtostoreliquids,buthavesomeonearoundtoholdthebagopenasyoupour.AvailableonAmazon,$11.99◆PastaStrainer(滤网)AttachmentHavingtoholdthestrainerstillandsometimesupafewinchesfromthesink—whileholdingaheavypotthatyou'repouring—iskindofannoying.Butthishandyattachmentfitsyourpotsowellthatyoucantipitoverthesinkandjustpourthewaterrightout.Amazing!AvailableonAmazon,$15.99◆Rub­A­WayStainlessSteelBarYoulovecookingwithgarlic(大蒜)andonion,buthatethewayitmakesyourhandssmelly.Goodnewsisthatthisstainlesssteelbarhelpsgetridofthosebadsmellsinminutes.Yourubitbetweenyourhandsjustlikeyouwouldrubarealbarofsoap(withorwithoutwater),andthehorriblesmellisgone.AvailableonAmazon,$11.47◆GroceryBagHolderPlasticbaggiescomeinhandyforloadsofthings,andreusingthemissmartfortheenvironment.Butit'stimeweallgotahandleonourplasticbagstoring.Thiskitchencontainercanbedrilledrighttothewallortheinsideofacupboardtokeepthemincheck,onceandforall.AvailableonAmazon,$10.99篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种实用的厨房用品。1．Whichofthefollowingissuitableforstoringmilk?A．GroceryBagHolder.B．SandwichBaggyRack.C．PastaStrainerAttachment.D．Rub­A­WayStainlessSteelBar.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一件商品介绍中的“They'realsogreatifyouneedtostoreliquids”可知，这些袋子可以盛液体，自然包括牛奶。2．What'stheRub­A­WayStainlessSteelBardesignedfor?A．Removingbadsmells.B．Preparingdishesquickly.C．Keepingyourhandsclean.D．Collectingkitchenwasteseasily.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三件商品介绍最后一句中的“thehorriblesmellisgone”可知，这件商品能除去你手上难闻的气味。3．WhatdoweknowaboutGroceryBagHolder?A．Ithelpskeepfoodclean.B．Ithelpsmakesandwiches.C．Itcontainsrubbishproperly.D．Itisthecheapestofthefour.答案：D细节理解题。根据第四件商品介绍最后的价格“AvailableonAmazon,$10.99”可知，这件商品是最便宜的。【词汇积累】①rackn.架子，支架②strainern.滤器；滤盆；滤网③drillv.钻(孔)；打(眼)④loadsof大量；许多【佳句背诵】Goodnewsisthatthisstainlesssteelbarhelpsgetridofthosebadsmellsinminutes.好消息是，这种不锈钢棒可以在几分钟内帮助去除那些难闻的气味。Ⅱ.完形填空Asix­year­oldkidwalkedintoacandystorewithhisdadandwassurprisedbysomanycandiesonoffer.“It'samazing.WhatshouldI__1__？”Heaskedhimself.“Comeon,son.Wedon'thavemuch__2__.Ihavetoattendanimportantmeeting，”hisdadsaid.“Theseareallmy__3__andIdon'tknowwhattochoose.”Hepickedupsomebagsandthenputthem__4__.Hecouldn'tmakeuphismind.“__5__，son,wehavenotime.I'mvery__6__，”hisdadsaid.Sotheboyranaroundthestore__7__again.Hiseyesmovedfromonebagtoanother,__8__allofthesweetslookedsogoodandhecouldn'tmakeuphismind.__9__，thedadhadenough.Hecaughthissonbythehandandthey__10__thestoreempty­handed.Theboy__11__.Hewantedthemall,butendedupwith__12__becausehecouldn'tchoosejustone.Someofusarethatboy.The__13__isthatcandystore.Wehaveagreatnumberofchoicesavailabletous,butifwedon'tmakea(n)__14__aboutourjobs,education,relationships,marriageorother__15__things,wewillendupempty­handed.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了男孩和爸爸一起去糖果店买糖果的故事，作者由此引申到人生中的抉择，告诉读者不要犹豫不决，否则就会像男孩一样，空手而归。1．A.think B．makeC．say D．choose答案：D结合语境可推知，男孩和爸爸一起走进糖果店，面对品种繁多的糖果，男孩不知道该如何选择，且根据第三段第一句中“whattochoose”可知选D。2．A.time B．moneyC．interest D．power答案：A根据下文“Ihavetoattendanimportantmeeting”可推知，此处指没有多少时间(time)。另外根据文章第三段第四句中“wehavenotime”也可得出选A。3．A.secrets B．favoritesC．ideas D．needs答案：B根据下文“Idon'tknowwhattochoose”可推知，那些糖果男孩都很喜欢，favorite“特别喜欢的人(或事物)”。故选B。4．A.in B．awayC．back D．aside答案：Cputin“投入，提交”；putaway“收拾，放好”；putback“放回原处”；putaside“把……暂放一边；把……留作后用”。根据下句提到“Hecouldn'tmakeuphismind.”可知，此处指男孩很犹豫，拿起糖果又放回去。故选C。5．A.Holdon B．ComeoverC．Goon D．Hurryup答案：Dholdon“坚持；别挂断(电话)”；comeover“顺便来访”；goon“继续”；hurryup“赶快”。下文父亲说“wehavenotime”，故此处与第二段中“Comeon,son.”一样，是父亲催促男孩快点。故选D。6．A.tired B．busyC．fair D．patient答案：B上文父亲说自己没有时间，并且文章第二段中提到父亲要参加一个重要会议，可见此处表示父亲很忙(busy)。故选B。7．A.carefully B．quietlyC．quickly D．nervously答案：C上文父亲不断催促男孩，所以男孩加快动作。故选C。8．A.and B．orC．though D．but答案：D上文“他的眼睛从一袋糖果移向另一袋”与下文“所有的糖果看上去都不错，男孩还是没有办法决定”在语义上是转折关系。故选D。9．A.Luckily B．CertainlyC．Finally D．Hopefully答案：C结合文意，此处指最终(finally)爸爸等不及了。故选C。10．A.gotholdof B．walkedoutofC．searchedfor D．checkedwith答案：Bgetholdof“抓住”；walkoutof“走出”；searchfor“寻找”；checkwith“核对”。根据文意可知，最后爸爸等不及了，抓着儿子空手走出了商店。故选B。11．A.cried B．waitedC．returned D．understood答案：A结合常识，男孩空手而归，当然会不开心，会哭(cry)。故选A。12．A.fun B．fearC．peace D．nothing答案：D根据上文中的“empty­handed(空手)”可知，男孩最后什么都没有(nothing)得到。endupwith“以……结束”。故选D。13．A.sky B．schoolC．world D．company答案：C根据上文提到的我们中的一部分人就是那个小男孩可推知，此处是将世界(world)比喻成糖果店。故选C。14．A.plan B．decisionC．guess D．ending答案：B根据第三段第三句中的“makeuphismind(做决定)”可知，此处填入decision，表示“如果我们无法为我们的工作、教育、人际关系、婚姻等做出决定”。故选B。15．A.important B．simpleC．common D．good答案：A上文提到“...jobs,education,relationships,marriage”，结合常识可知，工作、教育、人际关系、婚姻这些均是人生中重要的(important)事情。故选A。Ⅲ.七选五(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)Thehistoryofwritinginstruments,withwhichhumanshaverecordedandconveyedthoughtsandfeelings,isthehistoryofcivilizationitself.Thisishowweknowaboutourancestorsandtheirlife.Thehandysharpened­stonewasadaptedintothefirstwritinginstrument.Around24000BC,thecavemanstarteddrawingpictureswiththestoneontothewallsofhiscave.__1__WallsattheApollositeinNamibiaarebelievedtobetheoldestrockpaintingstodate.Beforepapercamealong,peopleusedclayorwaxtabletsonwhichtheywrotewithsharpobjectssuchasmetalsticksorbones.Around6,000yearsago,theEgyptiansinventedthefirstpaperlikematerialcalledpapyrus.Theword“paper”actuallycomesfromtheword“papyrus”．__2__Bonesormetalstickswerenolongerusefulasthepapyruscouldnotbescratched.SotheEgyptianscreatedareed­penperfectforthepapyrus.__3__Andthus,ancientEgyptianstransformedbamboostems(茎)intoanearlyformofafountainpen.Anotherwritinginstrumentthatremainedactiveinhistoryforalongperiodwasthequill(鹅毛)pen.Introducedaround700AD,thequillwasapenmadefromabirdfeather.Goosefeathersweremostcommon.__4__Formakingfinelinedrawings,crowfeatherswerethebest.Whenwritershadbetterinksandpaperandhandwritinghaddevelopedintobothanartformandaneverydayoccurrence,man'sinventivenatureonceagainturnedtoimprovingthewritinginstrument.__5__A．Nowsomethingwasneededtowriteuponthepapyrus.B．Thepapyrusbecamethemostpopularmaterialatthattime.C．Swanfeatherswereofhighquality,beingrareandmostexpensive.D．Bamboostemswerebetterandmuchmoreexpensivethangoosefeathers.E．Thisledtothedevelopmentofthemodemfountainpeninthe19thcentury.F．Theseweremostlythestemsofgrasses,especiallyfromthebambooplant.G．Thesedrawingsshowedeventsindailylifeliketheplantingofcropsorhuntingvictories.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了改进书写工具的发展。1．G上文提示“大约公元前24000年，穴居人开始用石头在洞穴的墙上画画。”再根据下文提示“纳米比亚阿波罗遗址的墙壁被认为是迄今为止最古老的岩画。”因此，G项“Thesedrawingsshowedeventsindailylifeliketheplantingofcropsorhuntingvictories.(这些图画展示了日常生活中的事件，如种植庄稼或打猎的胜利。)”承上启下，切题。故选G。2．A下文提示“由于纸莎草纸不能被划破，骨头或金属棒不再有用。”因此，A项“Nowsomethingwasneededtowriteuponthepapyrus.(现在需要一些工具，以便可以在纸莎草纸上书写。)”引起下文，切题。故选A。3．F上文提示“因此，埃及人创造了一种芦苇笔，完美地用于纸莎草纸。”；下文提示“古埃及把竹子的茎转化成早期自来水笔的形式。”因此，F项“Theseweremostlythestemsofgrasses,especiallyfromthebambooplant.(这些主要是草的茎，尤其是竹子的茎。)”承上启下，切题。故选F。4．C上文提示“最常见的是鹅毛。”因此，C项“Swanfeatherswereofhighquality,beingrareandmostexpensive.(天鹅羽毛质量很好，既稀有又昂贵。)”承接上文，切题。故选C。5．E上文提示“当作家们有了更好的纸墨以及书法发展成为一种艺术形式和日常生活的一部分时，人类的创造性再一次转向改进书写工具。”因此，E项“Thisledtothedevelopmentofthemodemfountainpeninthe19thcentury.(这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展。)”承接上文，切题。故选E。Ⅳ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Therehavebeenmanygreatinventions,whichhavechangedthewaywelive.Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasiertocarryheavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewerefewinventionsthathadasmucheffectasthewheel.Thenintheearly1800'stheworldstartedtochange.Therewaslittleunknownlandintheworld.Peopledidnothavetoexploreanymore.Theybegantoworksoastomakelifebetter.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.Amongthemwerethecamera,theelectriclightandtheradio.Theseallbecameabigpartofourlifetoday.Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions:thehelicopterin1909;movieswithsoundin1926;thecomputerin1928;andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplehadbeenwearing.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdiseases.Theyworkedverywell.Theymadepeoplehealthierandletthemlivelongerlives.Bythe1960'smostpeoplecouldexpecttoliveatleast60.Bythistimemostpeoplehadaverygoodlife.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Butmannowhadadesiretoexploreagain.Theworldwasknowntohumanbeingsbutthestarswerenot.Manbegantolookforwaystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookastep.Sincethenothercountries,includingChinaandJapan,havemadetheirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromtheearth.Americansfirstwalkedonthemoon.Thisiscertainlyjustabeginningthough.Newinventionsinthefuturewillallowustodothingswehaveneverdreamtof.Inthe20thcentury,theinventionofthespacecrafthasmadetheworldsmaller,