2017年高考英语阅读理解练习题3

阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AFamouscentenarians(百岁老人)stillactiveinarts,scienceareinnomoodtoretire."Thosewhostandstill,die,"isoneofOliveira'sfavoritephrases.Heknowsfromexperiencewhatitmeans,asthePortuguesefilmdirectorhasreachedtheageof102andisstillactiveinhisprofession.Everyyear,Oliveirashootsafilmandiscurrentlyworkingonhisnextproject."Youhavetowork,work,workinordertoforgetthatdeathisnotfaraway,"hesaid.Whenaskedabouthisage,Oliveirasaidwithsomehumility:"It'sdowntomothernature.Itgavetomewhatittookfromothers."Beingbothmentallyandphysicallyfitinoldageispartlyamatterofluck,butitalsohassomethingtodowithcharacter.Noteverywhite-hairedpersoniswiseandsocialskills,opennessandtheabilitytotrainthebrainareessentialforseniorcitizens.AlongwiththearchitectOscarNiemeyer(103),NobellaureateMontalcini(101)anddirectorKurtMaetzig(100),Oliveiraisoneofthosepeopleofwhomitwouldbeverywrongtothinkasmembersofalistlesselderlygeneration.AnothermasterinhisprofessionisthearchitectOscarNiemeyer.The103-year-oldBrazilianisbestknownforhisfuturistic-looking（未来派的）buildingsinBrasilia,buthealsospeaksoutonbehalfofthepoor."Theroleofthearchitectistostruggleforabetterworldwherewecandevelopaformofarchitecturethatserveseveryoneandnotjustaprivilegedfew,"saidNiemeyerrecently.HespendsalmosteverydayworkinginhisofficeinCopacabana,andevenwhenhefallsillhekeepsworkingonideas:Afteragallbladder(胆囊)operationhecomposedasambatune(桑巴舞曲)intheclinic.Anothermanwhocouldsingasongaboutageis107-year-oldHeesters.TheDutch-bornoperasingerspentmostofhislifeperforminginGermany,wherehestillworks.RecentlyHeesterssaid:"Iwanttobeatleast108-years-old."Healsoplanstokeepperforming."ShouldIjustsitathomeandwaituntiltheycomeandpickmeup?"Heestershasnotgivenuptryingtoaddtohistallyofawardsandislookingfora"goodstagerole".ItalianscientistRitaLevi-Montalcini,whois101-year-oldandisstillactiveinmedicalscience,hasdescribedtheforcethatkeepsdrivingheron:"Progressiscreatedthroughimperfection."In1986sheandherlabcolleaguewereawardedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinefortheirworkonnervegrowthfactor.She'sconvincedthathumansgrowonchallenges.Withsomanybrilliantexamplesgiven,wecanseeclearlythatageisnobarriertosomehighachievers.1.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecansee______.A.beingactiveat102isachievableforeverybodyB.Oliveiraoweshislonglifetohismother’shelpC.beingfitinoldageisamatterofluckandcharacterD.socialskillsandwisdomaredifficultforthesenior2.Howmanycentenariansarementionedinthispassage?A.4B.5C.6D.73.Bysaying"ShouldIjustsitathomeandwaituntiltheycomeandpickmeup?",Heestersshowsushe________.A.wantstositorlieincomfortB.iswaitingforpeopletopickhimupC.iswillingtoworktillhediesD.preferstogiveperformanceathome第1页共6页

4.Inthepassagesomanyexamplesweregiventoshow________.A.oldageisabigproblemifyouwanttosucceedB.asaseniorcitizen,youhavetobeopen-mindedandoptimisticC.olepeopleshouldneverthinkofthemselvesasoldD.oldagecannotpreventagreatpersonfromachievingalot5.Inthewriter’sopinion,thearchitectOscarNiemeyerisnot________.A.sympathyB.pessimisticC.positiveBD.diligentAboutfiveyearsago,anAmericanelectricalengineernamedScottBrusawandhiswifeJuliecameupwiththeideaofputtingsolarpanels(控制板)onthegroundratherthantheroof.ThentheybegantodeveloptheSolarRoadway.TheSolarRoadwayisanintelligentroadthatprovidescleanrenewableenergyusingpowerfromthesunwhileprovidingsaferdrivingconditions,alongwithpoweranddatadelivery.TheypredictthattheSolarRoadwaywillpayforitselfthroughthegenerationofelectricityalongwithotherformsofincomeandthatthesamemoneythatisbeingusedtobuildandresurfacecurrentroadscanbeusedtobuildtheSolarRoadways.EachSolarRoadPanelmeasuresroughly4metersby4metersandcontainsamicroprocessor(微处理器)thatmonitorsandcontrolsthepanel,whilecommunicatingwithneighboringpanelsandthevehiclestravelingoverhead.Theinventorssuggestthatthisprovidesacommunicationsdeviceevery4metersoneveryroadwhichcouldbeusedforexampletowarndriversofcarswhicharemovingacrossacentrelineandvariousotherspeedcontrolproblems.ThetopoftheSolarRoadpanelsismadeofsuper-strongglassthatwouldoffervehiclesthetractions(抓地力)theyneed.Accordingtotheinventors,theSolarRoadwaycreatesandcarriescleanrenewableelectricityandthereforeelectricvehiclescanberechargedatanyconvenientlylocatedreststop,oratanybusinessthathaspavedSolarRoadPanelsintheirparkinglots.TheinventorssaytheirSolarRoadwayhasmanyfunctionsandadvantagesfrommainroadstodriveways,parkinglots,bikepaths,sidewalksandrunways.TheFederalHighwayAdministrationhasgivenBrusaw＄100,000todeveloptheinventionandBrusawhopestobuildasmart-roadparkinglotinthecomingspring.6.Intheinventors’opinion,theSolarRoadwayA.istooexpensivetobuildatpresent.B.costsnomoremoneythancurrentroadsC.canprovideasmanydataaspresentcomputersD.willbringthemalargesumofmoney7.Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2refersto.A.thepanelsB.theinventorsC.theresearchersD.thevehicles.8.TheSolarRoadwayincludesallthefollowingadvantagesexceptA.providingsaferdrivingconditionsB.helpingdriverscommunicatewitheachotherwhiledrivingC.creatingandcarryingcleanrenewableelectricityD.warningdriversofvariousspeedcontrolproblems9.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.第2页共6页A.theSolarRoadwayhasalreadybeenputintouseB.＄100,000isonlyenoughtobuildasmart-roadparkinglotC.theSolarRoadwayisnotavailableforgas-poweredcarsD.futureelectricvehiclescanbechargedanytimeandanywhere10.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Solar-poweredsmartroadofthefutureB.ThegreatchangesontheroadwayC.TheinfluencetheSolarRoadwayhasonpeopleD.TheSolarRoad—amuchfasterroadCAthirdofprimaryschoolchildreninChinaaresufferingfrompsychologicalill-healthasaresultofclassroomstressandparentalpressure,accordingtoastudypublishedonTuesday.Theproblemissobadthaturgentmeasuresareneeded,warnsthestudy,ledbyBritishandChineseresearchers.Theinvestigationsurveyed2,191pupilsagednineto12innineschoolsinurbanandruralZhejiang,arelativelyprosperouscoastalprovinceineasternChina.Eighty-onepercentoftheyoungsterssaidtheyworried"alot"aboutexams,63percentfearedbeingpunishedbytheirteacher,44percenthadbeenphysicallybulliedatleastsometimes–withboyslikeliertobevictimsthangirls–and73percenthadbeenphysicallypunishedbytheirparents.Mostofthechildrencomplainedtheystruggledtocopewiththeamountofhomeworktheywereassigned.Overone-thirdreportedheadachesorabdominalpains–psychosomaticsymptomsofstress–atleastonceaweek.Themoststressedchildrenreportedincidenceofachesorpainsoffourtimesaweek.Theinvestigation,ledbyThereseHesketh,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)CentreforInternationalHealthandDevelopment,pointedthefingeratextremecompetitivenessinChina'seducationsystem,fromtheonsetofprimaryschool."Thecompetitiveandpunitiveeducationalenvironmentleadstohighlevelsofstressandpsychosomaticsymptoms,"theauthorssay."Measurestoreduceunnecessarystressonchildreninschoolsshouldbeintroducedurgently."ThepaperappearsinArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,apeer-reviewedjournaloftheBritishMedicalAssociation(BMA).The"urban"settingforthestudywasHangzhou,theprovincialcapitalofZhejiang,whilethe"rural"settingwasapoorcountyinQuzhouprefecture,inthewestoftheprovince.Thestudyhighlightssomeofthecomplexitiesthat,itsays,explainthedemandsforacademicexcellenceandintoleranceoffailure.Onefactoristhecountry'sdramaticriseinprosperity,whichhascreated"previouslyunheard-offpossibilitiesforupwardmobility"andinturnstokedpressuresonchildrentodowellatschool.OtherreasonsareChina'sone-childpolicyandtheConfuciantraditionsofrespectforparentsandelders,filialpiety,obedienceanddiscipline."Theaspirationsofmanyparents,whohadlimitededucationalopportunitiesthemselvesare第3页共6页

nowinvestedintheironlychildren,"itsays.Previousstudiesonschool-relatedstressanditsimpactonhealtharefewandgenerallycomefromScandinavia.A2008assessmentamong10-to13-year-oldinSwedenfoundthat21percentofboysof30percentofgirlsexperiencedheadache,and17percentofboysand28percentofgirlsexperiencedabdominalpainatleastonceperweek.11.Whatmainlycausedschoolchildrentosufferfrompsychologicalill-health?A.CompetitivenessineducationsystemB.ClassroomstressandparentalpressureC.PhysicalpunishmentfromtheirparentsD.Endlesshomeworkfromschoolteachers12.Theunderlinedpart“copewith”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.A.tofitinB.toadapttoC.todealwithD.togetalongwith13.FromParagraph4,weknowwhattheschoolchildrenworrymostis_______.A.bullyingbehavioratschoolB.manyexaminationsatschoolC.physicalpunishmentbyparentsD.physicalpunishmentbyteachers14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.MoreandmoreschoolchildrenwilldropoutofschoolsoonB.HomeworkandexaminationswillbecancelledatallschoolsC.ParentsandteacherswillgiveupeducatingtheschoolchildrenD.Toomuchstressdoesgreatharmtoschoolchildrenphysicallyandmentally15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ChildreninChinasickenedbyschoolpressureB.MeasurestoreduceunnecessarystressonchildrenC.Theinvestigation,ledbyUniversityCollegeLondonD.ExtremecompetitivenessinChina’seducationsystemDItwasacoldnightinWashington,D.C.,andIwasheadingbacktothehotelwhenamanapproachedme.Heaskediflwouldgivehimsomemoneysohecouldgetsomethingtoeat.I'dreadthesigns:"Don'tgivemoneytobeggars."SoIshookmyheadandkeptwalking.Iwasn'tpreparedforareply,buthesaid,"IreallyamhomelessandIreallyamhungry!Youcancomewithmeandwatchmeeat!"ButIkeptonwalking.Theincidentbotheredmefortherestoftheweek.Ihadmoneyinmypocketanditwouldn'thavekilledmetohandoverabuckortwoevenifhehadbeenlying.FlyingbacktoAnchorage,Icouldn'thelpthinkingofhim.Itriedtorationalize(找借口)myfailuretohelpbyassuminggovernmentagencies,churchesandcharitiesweretheretofeedhim.Besides,you'renotsupposedtogivemoneytobeggars.SomewhereoverSeattle,IstartedtowritemyweeklygardencolumnforTheAnchorageDailyNews.Outoftheblue,Icameupwithanidea.Bean'sCafe,thesoupkitcheninAnchorage,feedshundredsofhungryAlaskanseveryday.Whynottrytogetallmyreaderstoplantonerowintheirgardensdedicated(奉献)toBean's?DedicatearowandtakeitdowntoBean's.Cleanandsimple.第4页共6页

Folkswould"faxmeorcallwhentheytooksomethingin.Thosewhoonlygrewflowersdonatedthem.Foodforthespirit.In1995,theGardenWritersAssociationofAmericaheldtheirannualconventioninAnchorageandafterlearningofAnchorage'sprogram,PlantaRowforBean'sbecamePlantaRowForTheHungry.TheoriginalideawastohaveeverymemberoftheGardenWritersAssociationofAmericawriteortalkaboutplantingarowforthehungrysometimeduringthemonthofApril.AsmoreandmorepeoplestartedworkingwiththePlantaRowconcept,newvariationscroppedup.Manycompaniesgavefreeseedtocustomersanddisplayedthelogo,whichalsoappearedinnationalgardeningpublicactions.RowmarkerswiththePlantaRowlogoweredistributedtogardenerstosetaparttheir"RowfortheHungry."GardeneditorJoanJackson,backedbyTheSanJoseMercuryNewsandCalifornia'snearlyyear-roundgrowingseason,raisedmorethan30,000poundsoffruitsandvegetablesherfirstyear,andshowedGWAAhowtheprogramcouldreallywork.TexasfruitfarmsdonatedfoodtotheirlocalfoodbankafterbeinginspiredbyPlantaRow.Todaytheprogramcontinuestothriveandgrow.IamstunnedthatmillionsofAmericansarethreatenedbyhunger.IfeverygardenerinAmerica---andwe'reseventymillionstrong---plantsonerowforthehung