26日雅思机经真题回忆

2019年1月26日雅思机经真题回想于某事Dishesgetserved上菜Easilygetinfluencedbyadrenalin轻易受肾上腺素影响【阅读】考试概括今日阅读考试整体文章难度不大，可是由于综合了许多题型，而且第三篇出现了要旨般配和人名般配的综合，使得整体考试难度有所上涨。题目剖析Passage1文章题材：说明文(自然科普)文章题目：新西兰少儿Robin发现头盖骨之谜文章难度：★★文章内容：新西兰少儿Robin发现了海边的一个头盖骨，三位博士对此发现进行了研究，并测定这个头骨的年月属于296年。题型及数目：9填空题+4判断题1题目及答案：TRUEFALSENOTGIVENFALSEspecialistsEuropeanradiocarbon296racegenderAustraliaarchaeologistsshipwreck可参照真题：C7T3P2：PopulationmovementsandgeneticsPassage2文章题材：说明文(自然科普)文章题目：CoralReef(珊瑚礁)文章难度：★★★文章内容：文章介绍了珊瑚礁的散布和价值，存在的问题(减少)以及人们为保护珊瑚礁做出的努力。题型及数目：6个段配信息+6个判断+1要旨类单项选择2题目及答案：待增补ACAFCNOTGIVENTRUENOTGIVENFALSENOTGIVENTRUEC.economicimportanceaboutcoralreef可参照真题：C8T2P2：TheLittleIceAge考试原文：CoralreefsCoralreefsareunderwaterstructuresmadefromcalciumcarbonatesecretedbycorals.Coralreefsarecoloniesoftinylivinganimalsfoundinmarine3watersthatcontainfewnutrients.Mostcoralreefsarebuiltfromstonycorals,whichinturnconsistofpolypsthatclusteringroups.ACoralreefsareestimatedtocover284,300km2justunder0.1%oftheoceans'surfacearea,abouthalftheareaofFrance.TheIndo-Pacificregionaccountsfor91.9%ofthistotalarea.SoutheastAsiaaccountsfor32.3%ofthatfigure,whilethePacificincludingAustraliaaccountsfor40.8%.AtlanticandCaribbeancoralreefsaccountfor7.6%.Yetoftencalled“rainforestsofthesea",coralreefsformsomeofthemostdiverse4ecosystemsonEarth.Theyprovideahomefor25%ofallmarinespecies,includingfish,mollusks,worms,crustaceans,echinoderms,sponges,tunicatesandothercnidarians.Paradoxically,coralreefsflourisheventhoughtheyaresurroundedbyoceanwatersthatprovidefewnutrients.Theyaremostcommonlyfoundatshallowdepthsintropicalwaters,butdeepwaterandcoldwatercoralsalsoexistonsmallerscalesinotherareas.Althoughcoralsexistbothintemperateandtropicalwaters,shallow-waterreefsformonlyinazoneextendingfrom30°Nto530°Softheequator.Deepwatercoralcanexistatgreaterdepthsandcoldertemperaturesatmuchhigherlatitudes,asfarnorthasNorway.CoralreefsarerarealongtheAmericanandAfricanwestcoasts.Thisisdueprimarilytoupwellingandstrongcoldcoastalcurrentsthatreducewatertemperaturesintheseareas(respectivelythePeru,BenguelaandCanarystreams).CoralsareseldomfoundalongthecoastlineofSouthAsiafromtheeasterntipofIndia(Madras)totheBangladeshandMyanmarborders.Theyarealsorarealongthe6coastaroundnortheasternSouthAmericaandBangladeshduetothefreshwaterreleasefromtheAmazonandGangesRivers,respectively.BCoralreefsdeliverecosystemservicestotourism,fisheriesandcoastlineprotection.Theglobaleconomicvalueofcoralreefshasbeenestimatedatasmuchas$US375billionperyear.Coralreefsprotectshorelinesbyabsorbingwaveenergy,andmanysmallislandswouldnotexistwithouttheirreeftoprotectthem.CThevalueofreefsinbiodiverseregionscanbeevenhigher.InpartsofIndonesiaandtheCaribbeanwheretourismisthemainuse,reefsareestimated7tobeworthUS$1millionpersquarekilometer,basedonthecostofmaintainingsandybeachesandthevalueofattractingsnorkelersandscubadivers.Meanwhile,arecentstudyoftheGreatBarrierReefinAustraliafoundthatthereefisworthmoretothecountryasanintactecosystemthananextractivereserveforfishing.Eachyearmorethan1.8milliontouristsvisitthereef,spendinganestimatedAU$4.3billion(Australiandollars)onreef-relatedindustriesfromdivingtoboatrentaltoposhislandresortstays.Inthe8Caribbean,saysUNEP,thenetannualbenefitsfromdivertourismwasUS$2billionin2000withUS$625millionspentdirectlyondivingonreefs.Further,reeftourismisimportantsourceofemployment,especiallyforsomeoftheworld'spoorestpeople.UNEPsaysthatoftheestimated30millionsmall-scalefishersinthedevelopingworld,mostaredependenttoagreaterorlesserextentoncoralreefs.InthePhilippines,forexample,morethanonemillionsmall-scalefishersdependdirectlyoncoralreefsfortheirlivelihoods.Thereportestimatesthatreeffisherieswereworthbetween$15,0009and$150,000persquarekilometerayear,whilefishcaughtforaquariumswereworth$500akilogramagainst$6forfishcaughtasfood.Theaquariumfishexportindustrysupportsaround50,000peopleandgeneratessomeUS$5.5millionayearinSriLankaalong.DUnfortunately,coralreefsaredyingaroundtheworld.Inparticular,coralmining,agriculturalandurbanrunoff,pollution(organicandinorganic),disease,andthediggingofcanalsandaccessintoislandsandbaysarelocalizedthreatstocoralecosystems.Broaderthreats10areseatemperaturerise,sealevelriseandpHchangesfromoceanacidification,allassociatedwithgreenhousegasemissions.Somecurrentfishingpracticesaredestructiveandunsustainable.Theseincludecyanidefishing,overfishingandblastfishing.Althoughcyanidefishingsupplieslivereeffishforthetropicalaquariummarket,mostfishcaughtusingthismethodaresoldinrestaurants,primarilyinAsia,wherelivefishareprizedfortheirfreshness.Tocatchfishwithcyanide,fishersdivedowntothereefandsquirtcyanideincoralcrevicesand11onthefast-movingfish,tostunthefishmakingthemeasytocatch.Overfishingisanotherleadingcauseforcoralreefdegradation.Often,toomanyfisharetakenfromonereeftosustainapopulationinthatarea.Poorfishingpractices,suchasbangingonthereefwithsticks(muro-ami),destroycoralformationsthatnormallyfunctionasfishhabitat.Insomeinstances,peoplefishwithexplosives(blastfishing),whichblastapartthesurroundingcoral.ETouristresortsthatemptytheirsewagedirectlyintothewater12surroundingcoralreefscontributetocoralreefdegradation.Wasteskeptinpoorlymaintainedseptictankscanalsoleakintosurroundinggroundwater,eventuallyseepingouttothereefs.Carelessboating,diving,snorkelingandfishingcanalsodamagecoralreefs.Wheneverpeoplegrab,kick,andwalkon,orstirupsedimentinthereefs,theycontributetocoralreefdestruction.Coralsarealsoharmedorkilledwhenpeopledropanchorsonthemorwhenpeoplecollectcoral.FTofindanswersfortheseproblems,scientistsandresearchersstudythe13variousfactorsthatimpactreefs.Thelistincludestheocean'sroleasacarbondioxidesink,atmosphericchanges,ultravioletlight,oceanacidification,viruses,impactsofduststormscarryingagentstofarflungreefs,pollutants,algalbloomsandothers.Reefsarethreatenedwellbeyondcoastalareas.Generalestimatesshowapproximately10%oftheworld’scoralreefsaredead.About60%oftheworld'sreefsareatriskduetodestructive,human-relatedactivities.Thethreattothehealthofreefsisparticularly14stronginSoutheastAsia,where80%ofreefsareendangered.GInAustralia,theGreatBarrierReefisprotectedbytheGreatBarrierReefMarineParkAuthority,andisthesubjectofmuchlegislation,includingabiodiversityactionplan.InhabitantsofAhusIsland,ManusProvince,PapuaNewGuinea,havefollowedagenerations-oldpracticeofrestrictingfishinginsixareasoftheirreeflagoon.Theirculturaltraditionsallowlinefishing,butnotnetorspearfishing.Theresultisboththebiomassandindividualfishsizesaresignificantlylargerthaninplaceswherefishingisunrestricted.15Passage3文章题材：说明文(商业科普)文章题目：FlexibleWork文章难度：★★★文章内容：文章介绍了弹性的工作制度给职工和企业带来的好处题型及数目：LOH(要旨般配)8题+填空题3题+人名般配3题题目及答案：CADB待增补FHICABsatisfactionemailtasks16可参照真题：C13T2P3：Makingthemostoftrends【写作】TASK1题目：ThetablebelowshowstheimprovementsinmedicalcareinthreedifferentEuropeancountriesbetween1980to2000.种类：表格题/动向图考点/写作重点：时态：过去时;该题数据好多，能够先看整体趋向，基本上病人的数目和医院床位都奉上涨趋向，住院时间呈降落趋向;3.其次能够进行各项之间数据的趋向比较(max/min/倍数/分数)，英国的病人数目是三个国家中最多的，在2000年恰好是澳大利亚的三倍;三个国家住院时间降落的趋向相像，值得注意的是在1990-2000年时期，美国的医院病床数目增添的趋向最快，其次是澳大利亚。范文：17Thetableprovidesinformationaboutchangesinthenumberofpatients,averagestaysandbedsinEngland,theUSandAustralia,asaresultofimprovementsinmedicalsystemovertwodecades(1980-2000),Itisnoticeablethatbecauseoftheimprovementsinmedicalcare,allthreecountrieshadshownadecreaseinthenumberofpatientsoverthe20years.Thesametrendcouldbefoundinthedaysofstayinginhospitals.Meanwhile,therewasanincreaseinthenumberofhospitalsbedsinthethreecoun