2003年9月英语六级真题含答案

A)EveryoneenjoyedhimselfatJohn'sThewomandidn'tenjoyJohn'spartiesatItwillbethefirsttimeforthemantoattendJohn'sThewomanisgladtobeinvitedtoJohn’shouse-warmingA)ShelacksconfidenceinSheisnotinterestedincomputerShehasneversignedupforanycompetitionSheissuretowintheprogrammingA)ThemanhasanenormousamountofworktoThemanhasmadensforhisTheman’lltakeworkwithhimonhisWorkstackedupduringtheman’slastA)ShelikesthejoboffeedingShefindshernewjobShefeelsunfitforhernewShe'snotingoodSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)RallysupportfortheirLiberatewomenfromtediousClaimtheirrightstoequaljobExpresstheiranger A)ItwillbringalotoftroubletothelocalItisapopularformofItwillspoilthenaturalbeautyoftheirItispopularamongrockA)ToshowthatmindlessgraffiticanprovokeToshowthatLondonershaveaspeciallikingforToshowthatgraffiti,insomecases,canconstituteaToshowthatgraffiticanmaketheenvironmentmorecolorful.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebawdonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheAsianelephantiseasiertoTheAsianelephant'sskinismoreTheAsianelephantislesspopularwithTheAsianelephantproducesivoryofabetterA)FromthecapturedortamedFromtheBritishwildlifeprotectionFromelephanthuntersinThailandandFromtouristsvisitingtheThai-BurmeseA)TheirtamingforcircusesandThedestructionoftheirnaturalMan'slackofknowledgeabouttheirThegreatervulnerabilitytoextinctionthanotherspecies.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyhadlosttheirjobsasaresultoftheIndustrialTheyhadbeensufferingfrompoliticalandreligiousTheywantedtofleefromthewidespreadfamineinNorthernTheywantedtomakeafortunetherebystartingtheirownA)TheymightlosecontroloftheirmembersbecauseoftheincreaseinTheirmembersmightfinditdifficulttogetalongwith TheworkingconditionoftheirmembersmightTheirmembersmightlosetheirjobsto A)ToimposerestrictionsonfurtherToimprovetheworkingconditionsofTosetaminimumwagelevelfornewToputrequirementsonlanguages A)TheywerelookeddownuponbyEuropeanTheyhadahardtimeseekingequaljobTheyworkedveryhardtoearnadecentTheystrongly PartⅡReading (35Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart,Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsatunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingIn1985whenaJapanAirLines(JAL)jetcrashed,its,YasumotoTakagi,calledeachvictim’sfamilytoapologize,andthenpromptlyresigned.Andin1987,whenasubsidiaryofToshibasolesensitivemilitarytechnologytotheformerSovietUnion,thechairmanofToshibagaveuphispost.Theseexecutiveactions,whichToshibacalls“thehighestformofapology,”mayseembizarretoUSmanagers.NooneatresignedaftertheJALcrash,whichmayhavebeencausedbyafaultyrepair.Thedifferencebetweenthetwobusinessculturescentersarounddifferentdefinitionsofdelegation.WhileUSexecutivesgivebothresponsibilityandauthoritytotheiremployees,Japaneseexecutivesdelegateonlyauthority—theresponsibilityisstilltheirs.AlthoughthesubsidiarythatsoldthesensitivetechnologytotheSovietshaditsownmanagement,theToshibatopexecutivessaidthey“musttake alresponsibilityfornotcreatinganatmospherethroughouttheToshibagroupthatwouldmakesuchactivityunthinkable,eveninanindependentlyrunsubsidiary.”SuchacceptanceofcommunityresponsibilityisnotuniquetobusinessesinJapan.SchoolprincipalsinJapanhaveresignedwhentheirstudentscommittedmajorcrimesafterschoolhours.Eveniftheydonotquit,Japaneseexecutiveswilloftenacceptprimaryresponsibilityinotherways,suchastakingthefirstpaycutwhena getsintofinancialtrouble.Such sacrifices,eveniftheyarelargelysymbolic,helptocreatethesenseofcommunityandemployeeloyaltythatiscrucialtotheJapanesewayof ngbusiness.HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorGeorgeLodgecallstheritualacceptanceofblame“almostafeudal(的)wayofpurging(清除)thecommunityofdishonor,”andtosomeintheUnitedStates,suchresignationslookcowardly.However,inanerainwhichbothbusinessandernmentalleadersseemparticularlygoodatevadingresponsibility,manyUSmanagerswould eaninfusion(灌输)oftheJapanesesenseofresponsibility,If,forinstance,US executivesofferedtoreducetheirownsalariesbeforetheyaskedtheirworkerstotakepaycuts,negotiationswouldprobablytakeonaverydifferentcharacter.WhydidthechairmanofToshibaresignhispositioninInJapan,theleakageofaslatesecrettoRussiansisagraveHehadbeenunderattackforshiftingresponsibilitytohisInJapan,thechiefexecutiveofacorporationisheldresponsibleforthemistakemadebyitsHehadbeenaccusedofbeingcowardlytowardscrisesthatweretakingceinhisAccordingtothepassageifyouwanttobeagoodmanagerinJapan,youhaveto apologizepromptlyforyoursubordinates'beskillfulinacceptingblamesfrommakesymbolicsacrificeswhenevercreateastrongsense What’sProfessorGeorgeLodge’sattitudetowardstheresignationsofJapanesecorporate C) D)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisA)hadnothingtodowiththeJALaircrashinAmericanexecutivesconsiderauthorityandresponsibilitySchoolprincipalsbearlegalresponsibilityforstudents'Persuadingemployeestotakepaycutsdoesn’thelpsolvecorporateThepassageismainlyabout resignationasaneffectivewayofdealingwithbusinesstheimportanceofdelegatingresponsibilitytowaysofevadingresponsibilityintimesofthedifferencebetweentwobusinessPassageQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingAsmachinesgo,thecarisnotterriblynoisy,norterriblypolluting,norterriblydangerous;andonallthosedimensionsithas ebetterasthecenturyhasgrownolder.Themainproblemisitsprevalence,andthesocialcoststhatensuefromtheusebyeveryoneofsomethingthatwouldbefairlyharmlessif,say,onlytherichweretouseit.Itisapricewepayforequality. ingtoogloomy,itisworthrecallingwhythecarhasbeenarguablythemostsuccessfulandpopularproductofthewholeofthepast100years—andremainsso.Thestorybeginswiththeenvironmentalimprovementitbroughtinthe1900s.InNewYorkcityin1900,accordingtotheCarCulture.A1975bookbyJ.Flink,ahistorian,horsesdeposited2.5millioopoundsofmanure(粪)and60,000gallonsofurine(尿)everyday.Everyyear,thecityhadtoremoveanaverageof15,000deadhorsesfromthestreets,ItmadecarssmellofCarswerealsowonderfullyflexibleThemainearliersolutiontohorsepollutionandtrafficjamswastheelectrictrolleybus(电车).Butthatrequiredfixedoverheadwires,andrailsandtforms,whichwereexpensive,ugly,andinflexible,ThecarcouldgofromanyAtoanyB,andallowedtownstodevelopinalldirectionswithlow-densityhousing,ratherthanjustbeingconcentratedalongthetrolleyorraillines.Ruralareasbenefitedtoo,fortheybecamelessremote.However,sincepollutionbecameaconcerninthe1950s,expertshavepredicted—wrongly—thatthecarboomwasabouttoend.InhisbookMr.Flinkarguedthatby1973theAmericanmarkethad esaturated,atonecarforevery2.25people,andsohadthemarketsofJapanandWesternEurope(becauseoflandshortages).Environmentalworriesanddiminishingoilreserveswouldprohibitmasscaruseanywhereelse.Hewaswrong,Between1970and1990,whereasAmerica’spopulationgrewby23%,theaumberofcarsonitsroadsgrewby60%,Thereisnowonecarforevery1.7peoplethere,oneforevery2.1inJapan,oneforevery5.3inBritain.Around550millioncarsarealreadyontheroads,nottomentionallthetrucksandmocorcyeles,andabout50millionnewonesaremadeeachyearworldwide.Willitgoon?Undoubtedly,becausepeoplewantitto.Asisgiveninthefirstparagraph,thereasonwhythecar eaproblemis poorpeoplecan’tafforditistooexpensivetotoomanypeopleareusingitcausestoomanyroadAccordingtothepassage,thecarstartedtogainpopularitybecause itdidn’tbreakdownaseasilyasaithadacomparativelypleasantitcausedlesspollutionthanitbrightenedupthegloomyWhatimpactdidtheuseofcarshaveonPeoplewerecompelledtoleavedowntownPeoplewereabletoliveinlesscrowdedsuburbanBusinessalongtrolleyandraillinesCitystreets ofuglyoverheadMr.Flinkarguedinhisbookthatcarswouldnotbewidelyusedinothercountries theonceboomingcarmarket etrafficjamsinthosecountriesaregettingmoreandmoreexpensivemotorwaysarenotavailableinlessdevelopedpeopleworryaboutpollutionandthediminishingoilWhat’swrongwithMr.Flink’sTheuseof shaskeptincreasingNewgenerationsofcarsarevirtuallypollutionThepopulationofAmericahasnotincreasedasPeople’senvironmentalconcernsareconstantlyPassageQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingCryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeel forubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(性的)tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbeHumansaretheonlyanimalsdefiniyknowntoshedemotiomaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoclicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayyadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetocmotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity’sTeat ysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybe fortable,tostudythecausesof“dryeye”syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefined Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstocryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultincryingusuallywinssympathyfromotheronewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeWhatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears”(Line6,Para,1)referCryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforTheembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheThetearshedder’sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostoptheLinkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionof“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans havingnoeffectatleadingtoproducingdisastrousharmfultoWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutItisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheItmusthavearoletoyinman’sItismeanttogetattentionandItusuallyproducesthedesiredWhatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesofEmotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingExposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalEmotionaltearscangiveriseto“dryeye”syndromeinsomeEnvironmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionalPassageQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingItisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou’vegottoworkHowever,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker,Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptation plishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogramimbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldeclineTheovertrainingsyndrome(综合症isthenamegiventothecollectionofemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletemayalso emoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns, edepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport,Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral(性的)illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertrainingoccurred,themorerestrequired,Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime(e.g.3-4weeks)theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.Thefirstparagraphofthe lsusthat theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillrestaftervigoroustrainingimprovesanathlete’sstrictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete’stopimprovementofanathlete’sperformanceoccursinthecourseofBy“overtraining”theauthormeans aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccurafterundueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicaltrainingthatisnotadequaycompensatedforbytrainingthathasexceededanathlete’semotionalWhatdoesthepassagelusaboutthe“overtraining”ItoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinItappearsrightafterahardtrainingThefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete’strainingC)ItmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryWhatdoesthephrase“leveloff”(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablySloweStopBeontheTheauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousovertrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitanathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyillnesscausingfatigueshouldnotbemistakenforovertrainingPartⅢVocabulary(20Directions:Thereare30 pletesentencesit:thispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChooseciteONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarktheCorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thesewerestubbornmen.noteasily tochangetheir C) D)Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseit boththeoldandthe C) D)Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto enoughinformationfromthe C) D)Georgeenjoystalkingaboutpeople'sprivateaffairs.Heisa C) D)Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably reportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded. C) D)Hisface ashecameinafterrunningallthewayfrom C) D)Steelisnotas ascastiron;itdoesnotbreakas C) D)AbigprobleminlemmingEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunities ctionwithproficientspeakersof C) D)Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe hillintogreen C) D)The ofourtriptoLondonwasthevisittoBuckingham C) D)Haroldclaimedthathewasaseriousandwell- ,butinfacthewasa(n) A) C)B) D)Wedon't anydifficultiesincompletingtheprojectsolongaswekeepwithinour C) D)Heislookingforajobthatwillgivehimgreater forcareer C) D)Thehighschoolmydaughterstudiesinis ourlinked C)mingledrelevant D)affiliatedTheBrownslivedina andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthe C) D)Amembershipcard theholdertousetheclub'sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelve C) D)Theyhavedoneawaywith Latinforuniversityentranceat C) D)Itisno thatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceof C) D)One'suniversitydaysoftenappearhappierin thantheyactuallywereatthe C) D)She throughthepagesofamagazine,notreallyconcentratingon C) D)Scientistsarepushingknowntotheirlimitsinanattemptto energyfromtheearth. C) D)TheRedCross ageneroussumtothereliefofthevictimsoftheearthquakeinTurkey. C) D)Thefirstsentenceinthisparagraphis ;itcanbeinterpretedinmany C) D)Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyare y witheach C) Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch bythesuddenoutbreakofthe C) D)Themostimportant forassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityof C) D)Thewomanwasworriedaboutthesideeffectsoftakingaspirins.butherdoctor thatitisabsolu yharmless. C) D)Wecan'thelpbeing ofBobwhoboughtaluxurioussportscarjustafterthemoneywasstolenfromtheoffice. C) D)Hegreatlyresentedthepublicationofthisbook.whichhesawasanembarrassinginvasionofhis C) D)Infactasheapproachedthisfamousstatue,heonlybarelyresistedthe toreachintohisbagforhiscamera. C) D)PartⅣErrorCorrection(15Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordodeleteaword,Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided,Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank,Ifyo