Unit4 Grammmar and usage预习清单-高一英语牛津译林版(2020) 必修第二册

.can和could能①表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去具有某种能力。翻译为：________能Mybrothercanspeakfourforeignlanguages.Sophiacouldreadwhenshewasfouryearsold.注意：can表示“能够”时与beableto同义，但can只有过去式could，而beableto有各种时态。可以②表示许可。此时could不是can的过去式，could比can表示的说话语气更委婉，翻译为：________可以Youcanhaveapieceofcakeafteryou’veeatenyourvegetables!CouldIhaveadrinkofwater,please?可能③表示可能性。此时could不是can的过去式，它表示推测的可能性比can小。翻译________可能Canhestillbealiveafterallthistime?Ifyou’renotcareful,youcouldgetintoevenworsetrouble.Exercises1.Jack___________swimwhenhewasborn.2.Jackcouldn’tswimwhenhewasborn,buthe_________swimreallyfastnow.3.Myaunt_____jumphigh.Shewasthebest.可以2.may和might可以①表示许可或征求对方许可。翻译为：________Youmay/mightusemybicyclesolongasyoureturnitbefore12:00.可能Ican’teat;may/mightIhavealittlemilk?可能②表示可能性。might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。翻译为：________Hemay/mightgethereintime,butIcan’tbesure.Exercises1).You_______wellberight.2).Theteachersayswe______leavewhenwe'vefinished.3.will和would将会①表示意愿。will表示现在的意愿将做的事，有时可用于条件句中。would表示过去的意愿将做的事。翻译为：________将会Iwillhelpherifsheasksusto. Ask,ifyouwill,whotheowneris.MyfriendaskedifIwouldgowithhim.可以吗？②表示征求意见或提出请求。will与would均可用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或提出请求，此时would并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。翻译为：________可以吗？—I’mcold.Will/Wouldyoushutthewindow,please?—Certainly.-Willyoumarryme?-Yes.4.shall的用法①shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一、三人称，意为“要不要”。Shallwegooutandhaveawalkafterdinner?ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?②shall还可用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示决心、允诺、警告、命令、威胁、规定或义务等。Tellherthatsheshallhavethebiketomorrow.Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktherule.Exercises1)Itistoolate,_______webeginourmeeting?2)It’ssunnyandhottoday.They__________putsomesuncreamon.3)It’sagreatfilm.You__________goandseeit.5.should及oughtto的用法应该①should和oughtto都表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、推断等,但oughtto语气更强烈。翻译为：________应该Weshould/oughttotakegoodcareofourchildren.Youshouldn’t/oughtn'ttoleaveababyaloneinthehouse.Iwonderwhat’shappenedtoAnnie.Sheshould/oughttobeherebynow.②should还可以表示惊讶、失望、遗憾等情感，此时意为“竟会”。It’sstrangethatJaneshouldbelate.She’susuallyontime.必须必须6.must及haveto①must可表示“必须做某事”，比较主观。翻译为：________Imustgotothebanktogetsomemoney.must还可表语气很强的推测。must表示推测时用于肯定句中，意为“肯定，一定”，HemustbeTom'sfather.否定句或疑问句中要用can't，意为“不可能，一定不是”。Hecan'tbeTom'sfather.—WhereisTranNguyenfrom?—Iknowthat’saVietnamesename.HemustbefromVietnam.You’vejusthadlunch.Youcan’tbehungry.②haveto指的是客观条件下被迫“不得不去做某事”，不是出于本身意愿。有一般现在时和过去时。It'sgoingtorain,Ihavetogo.Hehadtomakehisownlivingafterhisparentsdied.③must表示“偏要，非要...不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中，偶尔也用于陈述句中。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaitthestormisover.Exercises:1.Everybody____________obeythetrafficrules.2.Oh,it’stoolate.Sorry,I______________go.musthavedone7.情态动词+have+donemusthavedone1.__________________表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。couldhavedoneItmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.couldhavedone2.__________________是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本能做但没做”。shouldhavedoneHecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.shouldhavedoneshouldn'thavedone3.__________________意为“本该做但没做”。shouldn'thavedone____________________意为“本不该做但做了”。can’t/couldn’thavedoneTom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.can’t/couldn’thavedone4.________________________意为“过去不可能做某事”needn’thavedoneneedn’thavedonemay/might+havedonemay/might+havedone