英语：Unit6Detectivestories复习讲义

牛津英语9AUnit6复习讲义一、重点词汇重点词语搭配attacksb.with…“用…攻击某人”geton/along(well)withsb“与某人相处(得好)”asaresult“（作为）结果”arrestsb.forsth.“因某事而逮捕某人”putup(agoodfight)“进行（激烈地搏斗）”makesb.someenemies“给某人树敌”beguiltyof…..“有……罪”againstthelaw“犯法；违法”二、语法点拨间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?1.人称的转变(口诀：一随主，二随宾，三不变)人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2.时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成进行时或不变现在完成进行时过去完成进行时3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。(2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。(3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.(4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.(5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。(6)当引语是谚语、格言时。(7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.(8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。如：Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.Student:Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?Monitor:Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化(1)时间状语：直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语nowthentomorrowthenext/followingdaytodaythatdaynextweekthenext/followingweekyesterdaythedaybeforetwodaysagotwodaysbeforelastweektheweekbeforethisweekthatweek[来源:中国教育出版网](2)指示代词：these变成those(3)地点状语：here变成thereShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..(4)动词：come变成go，bring变成take5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化(1)陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid，“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”——>Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoft-heheavytraffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”——>Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.(2)直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”——>Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.(3)直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”——>HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”——>Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.(4)直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”——>Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”——>Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.(5)直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,orde-r,request等。如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句变成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”——>Heaskedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.——>Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.——>Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.——>Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.(6)有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”——>Hesuggestedourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”——>Heofferedtohelpme.(7)当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.——>Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.——>Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.(8)直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”——>Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalov-elyday.【小试牛刀】1.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter2.Heasked________forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid三、交际用语谈论“谁是绑架者”牛津英语9AUnit6短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1穿着……衣服（强调状态）be/getdressedin…=wear..=bein..=haveon…像那样打扮bedressedlikethat盛装,打扮,装饰,伪装dressup（asaghost）给某人/某人自己穿衣服dresssb./oneself2看见/听见/注意到某人做某事（强调全过程）see/hear/noticesb.dosth.（改为被动时要加to）看见/听见/注意到某人正做某事（强调动作）see/hear/noticesb.doingsth.（改为被动时结构不变）3不见了；消失了gomissing=bemissing(系表结构)=belost4给某人做笔录/做有关某人的笔录makenotesonsb.5因某事而被通缉bewantedforsth.6中等高度（个子）mediumheight7在一家服装店的门口inthedoorwayofaclothesshop8对（做）某事感兴趣beinterestedin(doing)sth.9在过去的几年中(常用于完成时)over/in/duringthepastfewyears10流血致死bleedtodeath11与某人交朋友makefriendswithsb.12打斗的迹象evidenceofastruggle13保持记录keeparecord14敢于做某事daretodosth.15有证据证明…….haveevidencetoprove…16导致…….；导向……leadto…17为…….提拱……(钱)的奖赏offerarewardof……(money)for…….18破案（解决犯罪）solveacrime/case19呼吸急促breatheheavily20控告某人某事控告某事chargesb.withsth.21闯入….breakinto…22一个衬衫上带有血的人amanwithbloodonhisshirt23吸入……/送出……take….in/send…out24不止一个进攻者morethanoneattacker25用光；耗尽runout26被卷入……..；与……相关联beinvolvedin….27一份报酬丰厚的工作awell-paidjob28下班回家comehomefromwork29有犯罪记录haveacriminalrecord30有偷盗的犯罪记录haveacriminalrecordfortheft31一个关于绑架案的报告areportonthekidnappingcase32在十月二十八日的早晨onthemorningof28thDecember33在他妹妹的婚礼上athissister’swedding34其它的某个地方somewhereelse35排队等候waitinthequeue36销售量的增长anincreaseinsales37做某事为了谋生dosth.foraliving38在犯罪现场atthesceneofthecrime在犯罪发生的时候atthetimeofthecrime39在晚上一个人出门gooutaloneatnight40因为某事而被逮捕bearrestedforsth.=beunderarrestforsth41赶公共汽车catchabus42向某人报告某事reportsth.tosb.43向警方举报某人reportsb.tothepolice.44在他三十五岁左右时inhismid-thirties45在某人50几岁时inone’s50s46对某事/某物很熟悉befamiliarwithsth.牛津英语9AUnit6基础训练一、重点词组1.发生2.被刀袭击3.流血而死4.结果5.展开了殊死搏斗6.犯有…的罪行7.被指控8.闯入9.树敌10.气喘吁吁11.在案发时12.悬赏13.通向14打电话与警方联系15.到目前为止16.别的某个地方17.不同寻常的现象18.特别感兴趣19.死得很惨20.有证据证明二、句型结构1.HewaslastseenleavinghisofficeinNewTownatabout.(beseendoing与beseentodo的区别及用法)1)昨天晚上10点有人看见这个嫌疑犯跑进了那栋大楼。Thesuspectintothatbuildingat10.yesterdayevening.2)有人经常看到Kitty练习打篮球。Kittybasketball.2.TheyarenotsurewhetherthevictimwaskilledsomewhereelseandthenbroughttoValley1）我想知道你明天是否能来。Iwonderyoucancometomorrow.2)我们还不确定Simon明天是来还是不来。WearenotsueSimonwillcomeornot.三、难点语法1．容易混淆词的比较和用法come/go,take/bring,hear/listen,watch