高中化学方程式总结(同名14396)

PAGEPAGE1高中化学方程式总结无机化学方程式一、碱金属元素1．4Na+O2===2Na2O2.2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑2Na+O2Na2O2Na2O+H2O===2NaOH2Na2O+O22Na2O22Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2↑3．2Na+CuSO4+2H2O===Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4+H2↑4．2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）Cl2+2Na2NaCl5．Na2O+CO2===Na2CO36.Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O22Na2O2+4HCl===4NaCl+2H2O+O2↑7．Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl8．2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑Na2CO3+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑NaHCO3+NaOH==Na2CO3+H2ONaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2↑Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO39.4Li+O22Li2O12.Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+2NaOH10．2NaOH+CO2(少量)===Na2CO3+H2O13．CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)===CaCO3↓+H2ONaOH+CO2（多量）==NaHCO32CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)211.2NaHCO3+Ca(OH)2(少量)==Na2CO3+CaCO3↓+H2ONaHCO3+Ca(OH)2(过量)==NaOH+CaCO3↓+H2O二、卤族元素14.Cl2+CuCuCl216.3Cl2+2P2PCl33Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl515.Cl2+H22HCl5Cl2+2P2PCl517．Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO18.Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O19.2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O20.Ca(ClO)2+H2O+CO2(少量)==CaCO3↓+2HClOCa(ClO)2+2H2O+2CO2(多量)==Ca(HCO3)2↓+2HClO21．2HClO2HCl+O2↑23．2F2+2H2O===4HF+O222.Ca(ClO)2+2HCl==CaCl2+2HClO（强酸制弱酸）24．F2+H2===2HF25．Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Br2+H2===2HBr(500oC)Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2I2+H22HIBr2+2KI===2KBr+I226．4HCl(浓)+MnO2MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O2KMnO4+16HCl(浓)===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2↑+8H2O27.2AgBr2Ag＋Br2(AgCl、AgI类似)28.HCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓（白色）+HNO3NaBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓（浅黄色）+NaNO329.Na2SO3+H2O+Cl2==Na2SO4+2HClNaI+AgNO3===AgI↓(黄色)+NaNO330.HClO+H2O＋SO2=H2SO4+HCl三、氧族元素31.Fe+SFeS32.Hg+S===HgS(用硫处理洒落的汞)2Cu+SCu2S33.3S+6KOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O34.3O22O335.2H2O22H2O+O2↑37.H2S+CuSO4=CuS↓+H2SO436.2H2S+3O2（足量）2H2O+2SO238.SO2+H2O2===H2SO42H2S+O2（少量）2H2O+2S41.2H2S+SO2==3S↓+2H2O39.5H2O2+2KMnO4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+8H2O+5O2↑（消字灵）40.Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl(Br2、I2类似)42.SO2+H2O===H2SO343.2NaCl+H2SO4(浓)Na2SO4+2HCl­2H2SO3+O2===2H2SO444.2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+2H2O+SO2↑45.2H2SO4(浓)+CCO2↑+2H2O+2SO246.4FeS2+11O22Fe2O3+8SO247.CaO+SO2===.CaSO32SO2+O22SO32CaSO3+O2===2CaSO4SO2+Ca(OH)2＝CaSO3↓+H2OSO3+H2O=H2SO4(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2)48.Na2SO3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+SO2­+H2O50.SO2(少量)+2NH3+H2O===(NH4)2SO349.FeS+2HCl=H2S↑+FeCl2SO2(足量)+NH3+H2O===NH4HSO3四、碳族元素51.C+O2CO252.C+2CuO高温2Cu+CO2↑2C+O22COCO+CuO加热Cu+CO253.3CO+Fe2O3高温2Fe+3CO254.C+H2OCO+H255.C+CO22COCO+H2OCO+H256.2C+SiO22CO↑+Si57.SiO2+4HF===SiF4+2H2O58.Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑Si+4HF==SiF4↑+2H2↑SiO2+2NaOH===Na2SiO3+H2O59.SiO2+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+CO2SiO2+CaCO3CaSiO3+CO2↑60.Na2SiO3+2HCl==2NaCl+H2SiO3↓61.H2SiO3===SiO2+H2ONa2SiO3++H2O+CO2==Na2CO3+H2SiO3↓（硅酸酸性弱于碳酸）五、氮族元素62.N2+3H22NH363．N2+3MgMg3N2Fe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO22NaCl2Na+Cl2↑七、其他章节100.CuSO4·5H2OCuSO4+5H2O101.FeCl3+3H2OFe(OH)3(胶体)+3HClCuSO4+5H2O====CuSO4·5H2O102.2NaCl+2H2OH2+Cl2↑+2NaOH103.Ba(OH)2·8H2O+2NH4Cl==BaCl2+2NH3↑+10H2O(吸热反应)104．Mg3N2+6H2O===3Mg(OH)2↓+2NH3↑105.Al2S3+6H2O===2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑106.Al3++3HCO3-===Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑有机化学方程式1.甲烷与氯气CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HClCH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HCl2.乙烯实验室制法（浓硫酸作催化剂，脱水剂）CH3CH2OHH2O+CH2=CH23.乙烯通入溴水中CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br4．乙烯和HBr的反应CH2=CH2+HBrCH3CH2Br5.乙烯水化制乙醇CH2=CH2+H2OCH3CH2OHCH2－CH2n6.制取聚乙烯、聚丙烯nCH2CH2－CH2nCH－CH2nnCH3–CH=CH2CH－CH2nCH3HC≡CH7.乙炔的制取CaC2+2H2OCa(OH)HC≡CH8.由乙炔制聚氯乙烯CH－CH2nClHC≡CHCH－CH2nClHC≡CH催化剂△Br9.苯与液溴反应（需铁作催化剂）BrFe+Br2+HBrFe10.苯的硝化反应浓H2SO455-60℃浓H2SO455-60—NO211.苯与氢气加成生成环己烷+3H212.甲苯发生硝化反应––NO2––NO2|NO2O2N––CH3|CH3+3HONO2+3H2OH2O13.溴乙烷水解CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CHH2O14.溴乙烷消去反应醇△CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2+NaBr+H2醇△Cu△15.乙醇与钠反应2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑Cu△16.乙醇催化氧化2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O17．乙醇脱水CH3CH2OHH2O+CH2=CH2↑（分子间）浓H2SO4140℃2CH3CH2OHH2O+CH3CH2OCH浓H2SO4140—ONa—OH—ONa—OH+NaOH+H2O—OH—ONa19.—OH—ONa+CO2+H2O+NaHCO3OH|20.OH|||BrBr––OH|─Br+3Br2↓+3HBr─Br21.丙醛制1-丙醇CH3CH2CHO+H2CH3CH2CH2OH22.乙醛制乙酸2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH23.乙醛的银镜反应CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHH2O+2Ag↓+3NH3+CH3COONH4甲醛的银镜反应HCHO+4Ag(NH3)2OH2H2O+4Ag↓+6NH3+（NH4）2CO324.乙醛与新制氢氧化铜悬浊液CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2Cu2O↓+2H2O+CH3COOH25.乙酸与氢氧化铜悬浊液2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)2=(CH3COO)2Cu+2H2O26.乙酸乙酯制取（用饱和碳酸钠溶液收集）CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH浓硫酸△CH3COOC2H5+H2浓硫酸△27.葡萄糖与银氨溶液CH2OH（CHOH）4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHH2O+2Ag↓+3NH3+CH2OH（CHOH）4COONH428.蔗糖水解方程式C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6蔗糖