2012高考英语400个高频词汇及详解特

ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwillingivingtheclassA.exchangeB.alterC.shiftD.alternate[答案]D.alternate.[注释]alternatevt./vi.轮流，交替发生或出现：Wetdaysalternatewithfinedays.(晴雨天交替更迭。)Theweathertodaywillalternatebetweenfineand（vt.（vi.1)Lendmeahandtoshiftthepiano,willyou?(请帮个忙搬一下这台钢琴。)2)Theyhaveshiftedawayfromthisarea.(他们已从这一地区迁走了。)3)Thecandidateisconstantlyshiftinghisopinionabouttheproblem.(这位竞选者在这个问题上不断改变他的观点。)exchange交换；exchange...for...用....... Packthecakeinastrongbox,oritmightgetintheA.sshedB.spiltC.crushedD.crashed[答案]C.crushed.[注释]crush；1)Don'tcrushthisbox;thereareflowersinside.(这个盒子压坏了，里面有鲜花。)2)Herdresswascrushed.(衣服弄皱了。)3)Themachinecrusheswheatgraintomakefloor.(这台机器把麦粒辗成面粉。)ssh溅，泼；split(中间)裂开；crash(向下)猛跌（飞机）失事。Thethief thepapersallovertheroomwhilehewasA.abandoned B.vanishedC.scattered D.deserted[答案]C.scattered.[注释]scatter(=throworputinvariousdirections,orhereandthere)撒。abandonscattered(撒)。Today,houseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical A.facilitiesB.appliances C.instrumentsD.equipment[答案]B.appliances.[注释]electricappliances，facilitiesequipment集合名词，指“设备”的总称，只有当数形式。instrumentThe ofthetreesinthewaterwasveryA.mirror B.sight C.reflection D.shadow[答案]C.reflection.[注释]reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“”或“阴影”，故不能One neededwhenmakingacakeisflour;anotherisA.container B.ingredientC.content D.equivalent[答案]B.ingredient.Theyhavebeenwaitingformanyhourstoseethesinger,buttheairmusthavebeen behindthe B.behindC.aheadoftime D.innotime[答案]B.behindschedule.[注释]behindschedule(=late,behindtime)晚点：Thetrainisrunningbehindscheduletoday.(=Thetrainisnotontimetoday.)behindthetimes(=usingthingsnotinstyle;stillfollowingoldways;oldfashioned)过时，跟不上时代，1)Thestoreisbehindthetimes.(=Thestoreisold-fashioned;itlooksasstoreslooked40yearsago.)2)Marythinksherparentsarebehindthetimesbecausetheystilldothefox-trotanddon'tknowanynewdances.(=Mary'sparentsareold-fashionedintheirdancingsaheadoftimeTheyhavefulfilledtheirproductionnsaheadoftime,innotime(=soon,quickly)立即，马上：I'llbebackinnotimetoseeyouhome.Neitherofthemthoughthighlyofhimandtheybothtriedtohiminhiswork.A.hamperB.supportC.assistD.encourage[答案]A.hamper.[注释]hamper(=hinder,preventmovementoractivity)阻碍：LackofishamperingourThinkhighlyof... 很好Herdisyofbadtempercompley theA.harmed B.damaged C.spoilt D.hurt[答案]C.spoilt.[注释]spoil意指“使......扫兴搞糟”，如：Quarrellingspoiltthe 吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt，damage损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。Weforgavehisbadtemperbecauseweknewthathisson'sillnesshadhimundergreat A. B. C. D.[答案]D.stress. [注释]putsb.under(great)stress使处境（非常）紧张，使Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbut foranyonetoA.drastic B.dull C.obscure D.distinct[答案]C.obscure.（fromHe hisengagementjustbeforethebroke B.brokeawayC.brokeoff D.brokeup[答案]C.brokeoff.[注释]breakoff(=ceasesuddenly,discontinue)突然中断；breakoffone'sengagement(解除婚约)。Breakoff(=interrupt)one'sconversation(打断谈话)。Breakout(=beginsuddenly)爆发。Breakawayfrom摆脱，从 Whensheheardfromthehospitalthatherfatherhaddied,sheintoA.burst B.went C.exploded D.fell[答案]A.burst[注释]burstintotears：burstintothunderouscheers(发出雷呜般的欢呼)；burstintolaughing(捧腹大笑)。Yourhelpis forthesuccessofthe B.C.inevitable D.inherent[答案]A.indispensable.,不可避免的。Inherent theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastA.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof DAsfor[答案]B.Butfor[注释]butfor(=without,exceptfor)若非，要不是：Butforyourhelpwecouldnothavefinisheditintime.(要不是你的帮助，我们本来不会及时完工。)Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather tothenewswouldA.impressionB.comment C.reaction D.opinion[答案]C.reaction.[注释]reaction(to)对......的反应：OurreactiontoajokeistoOurattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe ,butnotslavishA.respectableB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectful[答案]D.respectful.[注释]respectable(=deservingrespect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showingprep.(=relatingto;concernedwith)关于，说到。Wecouldseethathewastryingto hisownresponsibilityforthedelay,insteadofacceptinghisfault.A.runover B.smoothover C.passoff D.turndown[答案]B.smoothover.[注释]smoothover(=makesmooth,putright,balliateIwilltrytosmooththeirquarrelover.2)Don'ttrytosmoothoveryourfault.（）runoverⅢ.145,146.注释；passoff.126.注释；turndownⅢ.180,181.Glemp'sheroicflightintospaceentitledhim aceinA.for B.with C.to D.of[答案]C.to.[注释]entitlesb.tosth.(=givearightto1)Heisentitledtospecialtreatmentbecauseofhisrank2)Officersareentitledtotravelfirstclass.（）He'sdrinkandneverdoesastrokeofA.gonetoB.takentoC.takenupD.gonefor[答案]B.takento."Whoisresponsibleforsendingoutmisinformation?""Mostofthefaultlies theadministration."A.in B.to C.on D.with[答案]D.with.（ 1)Thelieswiththedriver.(责任应由这个承担。)2)Itlieswithyoutoacceptorrejecthetheproposal.(接受还是这项建议由你决定。)liein在于：1)Thedifficultyliesintheirgreatpoverty.(在于他们非常贫困。)2)thesolutionliesinsocialandpoliticalreform.(解决方法在于社会政治PeoplewholiveinasmallvillageareboundtoseeagoodofeachA.sumB.tyC.dealD.[答案]C.[注释]seeagooddealofeachotherMariamissedthefirsttrainsoastotravelonthesameoneasdelibera B.C.decisively D.objectively[答案]A.deliberay.[注释]deliberay(=onpurpose,intentionally)故意地；存心地Theyalwayskeptongood withtheirnext-doorneighborsforthechildren'ssake.A. B. C.intentionsD.[答案]D.[注释]keep(be)ongoodtermswith DoyouthinkawifeshouldherhabitsandtastestothoseofherA.complyB.confirmC.consentD.conform[答案]D.conform.[注释]conformvi：Allthestudentsmustconformtotherules.(全体学生必须遵守规章。)conformsth.tosth.else(vt)使符合：Heconformedthenstothenewspecifications.(他使这些集合符合范。)complywith遵守；confirm使坚定，确认，证实；consent(to)同意，赞同。Hewasafraidthatthebranchmightbendoverandbreak,andhewouldbesent totheground.A.crashing B.throwing C.rushing Ddrop[答案]A.crashing.[注释]crash(totheground)猛跌（到地上。Crash常指飞机等的“失事”，如：Hewaskilledinanaircraftcrash.(他在飞机失事中丧crashingHighinterestratespeoplefromborrowingA.discourageB.decreaseC.disturbDdisgust[答案]A.discourage[注释]discouragesb.fromngsth.使认为某事不值得做：Thtwetweatherdiscouragedpeoplefromgoingtothesportsmeeting.(下雨天使人觉得不值得去看运Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhosofA.equivalent B.uniform C.alike Dlikely[答案]A.equivalent.ofdollars.uniformLikelyadj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表语形容Thetwothingsarethesameinoutwardformbutdifferent A.inadditionB.inbrief C.incommon D.inessence[答案]D.inessence.[注释]inessence；inadditioninbrief；incommon itisagoodthingIdidnotgetthepostIhadappliedfor,thoughImustadmitthatIwasdisappointedatthetime.A.Bytheway B.Inaway C.Intheway DInnoway[答案]B.Inaway.[注释]inaway(-tosomeextent)在某种程度上；innoway；bytheway顺便提一下；inthewaybythewaybytheway做插入语其后应加逗号。invitingguestsandnottreatingthem B.C.Surprisingly D.Fancy[答案]D.Fancy.[注释]fancyng没想到.......竟然：1)Fancyyourhim!(没想到你竟然认识他Fancyspendingthedayinhere!( A.obtainableB.potentialC.considerableDfeasible[答案]D.feasible.[注释]feasible(=thatcanbedone)可行的，可做到的：1)Yournsoundsquitefeasible.(你的计划听起来很可行。)2)It'snotfeasibletomakethetripinone可观的；potentialThegenerationmakesitdifficultforparentstounderstandtheirchildren'sopinions.A.divisionB.gapC.separationD.interval[答案]B.gap.[注释]generationgapseparationinterval（Iftheboyhad thedogaloneitwouldn'thavebittenA.set B.left C.had D.put[答案]B.left.TheyweresofarawaythatIcouldn't theirfacesA.seethrough B.makeup C.seeoff D.makeout[答案]D.makeout.[注释]makeout(=identifyandseewitheffortordifficulty)辨认出。seethrough参阅Ⅲ，151,注释:此处seethrough还可表示“看穿......(=understandtherealmeaningoforreasonfor;realizethefalsenessof)1)Theteachersawthroughtheboy'sstoryofhavingtohelpathome.(=Theteacherknewhisstorywasnottrue;itwasjustanexcuse.)2)Hecan'tfoolher.Sheseeshimthrougheveryupthejokeaboutthetalkingdog.2)弥补：BobmustmakeuptheworkheWeneedonemoretomakeupthedozen.4Theactorsweremakingupwhenwearrived.5)构成：Nineyersmakeupateam.AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguagenotamysterious withoutscientificbasis.A.processB.practiceC.procedureD.program[答案]A.process.[注释]process(=connectedseriesofactions,orseriesofoperations)过程：Bywhatprocessisclothmadeformwool?(经过什么过程羊毛织成呢料？)practice(=thengofsomethingof,performanceorrepeatedexercise,etc.)实习，练习；开业:Sheisngherpracticeatthepiano.(她在练习弹钢琴。)procedure(=theregularorderofngthings)程序：theusualprocedureatameeting(开会的通常程序)。Program(=nofwhatistobedoneorlistofitemsorevents)课程，计划，大纲：Whatistheprogramfortomorrow?(明天上什么课?)Imustgonow.,ifyouwantthatbookI'llbringitnextA. B.C.Occasionally D.Subsequently[答案]A.ally.[注释]ally(=bytheway)附带地，顺便：Fredsaid,ally,thathehadnodinner.(顺便提一下，福来德那时说，他还没吃晚饭。)accidentally(=bychance)偶然地：Imetwithanoldfriendofmineaccidentallylastweek.(上星期我偶然碰到一位。)occasionally(=fromtimetotime,notregularly)不时地，偶尔：WegetAtfirstwethoughtwewouldgo;butsubsequentlywelearnedwewereneededatAcompleynewsituationislikelyto whentheschoolleavingageisraisedto16.A.arouse B.rise C.arise D.abide[答案]C.arise.[注释]arise(=comeintobeing,appear,happen)产生，发生：Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(我们做这项工作时将会发生。)arouse唤起，激起，唤醒上升;abide(by)本题译文：当中学毕业上升到16岁时，很可能产生完全新的情况TheillnessfromwhichMaryissufferinghasnowbeen ashepatitisA.diagnosedB.determined C.deducedD.discovered[答案]A.diagnosed.[注释]diagnose...as把......诊断 本题译文：的病现已诊断为肝炎Thesecontinual intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattoA.al B.vibrationsC.waves D.fluctuations[答案]D.fluctuations.[注释]fluctuations波动；waves波浪；al Allforeignvisitorsarerequestedto withtheregulationsinthisA.agree B.comply C.consent D.conform[答案]B.comply.[注释]complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,rule,etc.)遵守：Peoplewhorefusetocomplywiththelawwillbepunished.(遵律者将受到ofsociety(遵从社会习俗)；consentto同意，赞同；consenttoan(赞同计划)。ThomasEdisonconsideredgeniustobeonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentposed B.constitutedC.consistedof D.comprisedin[答案]A.composedof.[注释]becomposedof由......组成。Consistof AlthoughLucywasslimming,shefoundcreamcakesquite irregularB.C.incredibleD.irresistible[答案]D.irresistible[注释]irresistible不可抵抗的，的，1)Ihadairresistibledesiretorunaway,2)Ican'trefusethisoffer;itisirresistible.Irregular不规律的,不合规则的：1)thetrainsfromhereareirregular.(这里发的2)Theseproceduresarehighlyirregular.(这些程序是非常不合规incredible：1)Oldsuperstitionsareincredibletoeducatedpeople.（旧的对受过教育的人来说是不可信的）2)Hisstoryofrescuingsixdrowningmenisincredible.6inevitable：1)Trafficdelaysareinevitableataholidayweekend.（假）2)PainisInevitablewhenonebreaksabone.（骨折是疼本题译文：虽然正在减轻体重，但她觉得奶油蛋糕是的Inorderto therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.A.adduptoB.lookupto C.cutshortD.keepupwith[答案]D.keepupwith.upto(=admire,respect)赞美，尊敬：WelookuptotheoldworkersasourYouressayisquitegood:just it withafewillustrationsandput.. B.touch..C.cut..out D.writeoff[答案]B.touchup.[注释]touchup(=improveorperfectbysmalladditionalstrokesor 润色，修饰：1)Thelastpartofthearticleneedstobetouchedup2)Hetouchedupthepicturebystrengtheningandshadows.(他putup；cutout；writeoffIhopemyteacherwilltakemyrecentillnessinto whenjudgingmyA.regard B.accountC.thought D.observation[答案]B.account.[注释]oaccount(=consider)考虑到：Wemusttakelocalconditionsintoaccoutn.Therearethreebasicwaysof languagetowriting,andallknowngraphicsystemsuseoneoracombinationofthese.A.committing B.attaching C.comparing Drelating[答案]A.committing.