2022-2023学年湖南省岳阳市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷及答案解析

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年湖南省岳阳市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AWheretheWildThingsareDurban,agreatall-rounddestinationinSouthAfrica,ishometosomeofSouthAfrica'smostdiversewildlife.Thereyoucanseeanimpressivearrayofwildanimalsintheflesh,fromlions,leopardsandelephantstoendangeredspecies.DurbanKZNisnowjustadirectBritishAirwaysflightaway—takealookatsomeofitsmostunforgettablewildlifeexperiences.Hluhluwe-iMfoloziParkStartnorthofDurbanatoneofSouthAfrica'smostcelebratednationalparks.Hluhluwe-iMfolozireallycomesaliveduringthewintermonths,whenmanyanimalscongregate(聚集)atthewatersources.BoththeBlackuMfoloziandWhiteuMfoloziriversflowthroughhere,andit'syourbestchancetoseetheBigFiveallinoneplacelions,leopards,elephants,buffaloandrhinos,bothblackandwhite.GuidedmorningwalkscanbebookedaheadforanastonishinglyreasonableE12-f15.KosiBayItisanappealingcomplexofcoastallakesandanestuary(河口)withapeaceful,unspoiledatmosphere.Thelakesysteminparticularishometoawiderangeofcreatures,suchashippos,flamingos,crocodilesandZambezisharks(commonbullsharks).You'llalsofindmorethan250birdspecieshere,includingtherarepalm-nutvultures.SodwanaBayThethree-mileMgobozeleniTrailinSodwanaBaypresentsexcellentopportunitiesforbirdwatching,takingyouthroughpicturesquecoastalforestandgrassland.Deep-seafishingisalsopopularhere,buttoreallymakethemostofSodwanayouhavetotrythesnorkelling(带呼吸管潜水).Comeoutsideofthesummerholidaystoavoidtherushandyou'llberewardedwithenchanting,technicolourundersealife.uMkhuzeGameReserveAtthispoint,youmightbethinking,"Well,thisisallwellandgood,butwherearethehyenas?"Thatitchcanbe(metaphorically)scratchedatuMkhuze,wherethescreechingbeastscongregateinthedensescrubland,alongwithrhinosandelephants.Thisreserveisalsohometomorethan400birdspecies.Again,guidedwalkscanbebookedinadvancefor₤10.1.BirdsarepointedoutintheplacesEXCEPT______.A.Hluhluwe-iMfoloziPark B.KosiBay

C.SodwanaBay D.uMkhuzeGameReserve2.IftouristswanttovisitSodwanaBay,whichseasonissaidtobeavoided?A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Fall. D.Winter.3.GuidedwalksinuMkhuzeGameReserveisworth______.A.₤12 B.₤13 C.₤15 D.₤10BFiveyearsago,AbhayandagroupofhisGrade10classmatesatSeaquamSecondarySchoolinBritishColumbia,Canada,madetheirfirstvideocalltotheArctic.OntheotherendofthelinewasAbhay's23-year-oldbrother,Sukhmeet,avolunteerteachingassistantandhisclassatEastThreeSecondaryinInuvik,North-WestTerritories.Theconversationstartedwithtypicalteensmalltalk.Butastheteensgrewmorecomfortable,thechatturnedserious.StudentsinInuvikdetailedthelegacyorproblemofresidentialschoolsfornativestudentsontheirfamilies,includingstoriesofsocialproblemsandalcoholabuse.Seaquamkidssharedhowtheyfelthelplesstodoanythingaboutthethecatposedbytheclimatecrisis.Afterbothgroupssaidtheirgoodbyes,thebrothershadanidea:whatiftheconversation,meanttoexpandthestudents'perspectivesaboutlifeoutsidetheirhometowns,didn'thavetoend?Students,theyfigured,couldcontinuetobenefitfrombridginggeographicalandculturaldifferences.TheycalledtheirorganizationBreakTheDivide.Today,itfacilitatesconversationsandcoordinatescommunityactionbetweenyouthallovertheworld."Itallstartswithempathy,"Abhaysays.ThestudentsatSeaquamusedsocialmediatospreadthewordabouttheirmissiontocreateeye-openingconversations,andBreakTheDividehelpedthemtostarttheirownchapters,providingresources.Individualchaptersareencouragedtoconnectwitheachotherbasedoncommonbig-topicinterests,suchasmentalhealth,truthandreconciliationactions,andclimatechange.TherearenowovertwodozenBreakTheDividechapterslocatedacrossCanadaaswellasatschoolsinChina,Cambodia,SouthAfricaandBolivia.Hundredsofconversationslater,thebrothersarestilloptimisticthatthecoreprincipleofBreakTheDivideempathycanplayacentralroleinhowyouthtackletheissuesthatmattermosttothem."Ihopethatwecanbepartofcreatingaworldwherewearealllisteningtoeachother,"saysAbhay."Listeningwithanintenttolearnandtochange."4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thetwobrothershavetaughtinthesamecityforfiveyears.

B.Thetwobrothersoftenmakevideocallsinsteadofchildren.

C.Teensfrombothsideshadafriendlyanddeepconversation.

D.Theconversationwasonlyconcernedwithtypicalteensmalltalk.5.WhydidthetwobrotherscalltheorganizationBreaktheDivide?A.Studentsaskedthemtodoso.

B.Theywantedtoexpresssympathy.

C.BreaktheDivideinvitedthemtoexpandthestudents’perspectives.

D.Studentscouldcontinuetobenefitfromsuchinteractionhopefully.6.WhoisBreaktheDividetargetedat?A.TeachersinCanada.

B.FamilieslivinginAmericancountries.

C.TeensinInuvik.

D.Theyoutharoundtheworld.7.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Magazine. B.Scientificpaper.

C.Touristguide. D.Autobiography.CAlbertoConejohasnotlivedinChinalong,buthiscontributionsarestronglyfeltnotonlyintheareainwhichheworksasanexpert,butalsointheconstructionofamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyworldasawhole.Oneofthebiggestproblemsfacinghumanityhastodowithcarbondioxideemissions.Inthissense,Conejohasmadeimportantcontributionsthroughhisresearchtoreduceenergyconsumptioninsteelproductionbyusingfoamyslag(熔渣)asaninsulator(绝缘体)inelectricarcfurnaces(电弧炉).Asthesteelindustryistheonethatemitsthelargestamountofcarbondioxideemissionsintheworld—around7percent"TheworkIdidfocusedonoptimizingtheuseofelectricalenergyandminimizeenergylosses,"hesaid.Conejoisnotjustanyman.Hisdedicationandworkhaveearnedhimimportantrecognition,buttheseachievementshavenotbeenwithoutsacrifices."DuringthattimewetraveledtomanypartsofChina;wewenttoremotevillages,climbedmountains,crossedriversandlakes,andvisitedoldtownsandmuseums,"herecalled.AlthoughMexico"hadalmosteverything,"therewassomethingmissing.Forthisreason,whentheSchoolofMetallurgicalandEcologicalEngineeringattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing(USTB)offeredhimapositionasaresearcherandprofessorunderasix-yearcontract,theMexicandidnothesitatetotaketheflight.TheseeffortsledhimtobeawardedtheChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardonSeptember30lastyear,thehighestdistinctionforforeignerswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributionstothecauseofthecountry'smodernization,reformandopeningup.Althoughheisawareofhisachievements,Conejodoesnothesitatetosaythatthisisalsotheresultofsharedteamwork."TheonlythingIcansayisthattherearenoindividualachievements,buttheresultsofacollectiveeffortbecauseineverythingwedoweusepreviouslydevelopedknowledge."8.WhatisthepurposeofConejo'sresearch?A.Tominimizeenergylossesinelectricityindustry.

B.TomaximizetheprofitofsteelindustryinMexico.

C.TopromoteindustrialcollaborationbetweenChinaandMexico.

D.Tocutdownenergyconsumptioninsteelproduction.9.Whatdotheunderlinedword"optimize"meaninparagraph2.A.Paycloseattentionto. B.lookoutfor.

C.Makethebestof. D.Giveriseto.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromConejo'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Individualdedicationhasnothingtodowithhisachievements.

B.Theteam'sjointeffortcontributestotheiraccomplishments.

C.Ifonlytheyusepreviouslydevelopedknowledgetheymustmakeachievements.

D.Individualachievementsplayasignificantroleinhiscareer.11.What'sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.ChineseGovernmentFriendshipAward-thehighestdistinctionforforeigners.

B.Award-WinningMexican-low-carbonsteelmakingprofessor.

C.CarbonDioxideEmissions-oneofthebiggestproblems.

D.CollectiveEffort-keytooutstandingcontributions.DTeachingartificialintelligencetounderstandsimplephysicsconcepts,suchasthatonesolidobjectcan'toccupythesamespaceasanother,couldleadtomorecapablesoftwarethattakeslesscomputationalresourcestotrain,sayresearchersatDeepMind.Now,LuisPilotoatDeepMindandhiscolleagueshavecreatedanAIcalledPhysicsLearningthroughAuto-encodingandTrackingObjects(PLATO)thatisdesignedtounderstandthatthephysicalworldiscomposedofobjectsthatfollowbasicphysicallaws.TheresearcherstrainedPLATOtoidentifyobjectsandtheirinteractionsbyusingsimulated(模拟的)videosofobjectsmovingaswewouldexpect,suchasballsfallingtotheground,rollingbehindeachotherandbouncingoffeachother.TheyalsogavePLATOdatashowingwhichpixels(像素)ineveryframeorphotobelongedtoeachobject.TotestPLATO'sabilitytounderstandfivephysicalconcepts,suchassolidity,persistence(thatanobjectdoesn'ttendtovanish)andunchangingness(thatanobjecttendstoretainfeatureslikeshapeandcolour),theresearchersusedanotherseriesofsimulatedvideos.Someshowedobjectsobeyingthelawsofphysics,whileothersdepictedridiculousactions.TheytaskedPLATOtopredictwhatwouldhappennextineachvideo,andfoundthatitspredictionswerereliablywrongfornonsensicalvideos,butusuallycorrectforlogicalones,suggestingtheAlhasanintuitive(直觉的)knowledgeofphysics.PilotosaystheresultsshowthataneccentricviewoftheworldcouldgiveanAlamoregeneralizedandadaptablesetofabilities."Ifyouconsider,forinstance,allthedifferentscenesthatanapplemightbein,"hesays."Youdon'thavetolearnaboutanappleonatree,versusanappleinyourkitchen,versusanappleinthegarbage.Whenyoukindofseparatetheappleasitsownthing,you'reinabetterpositiontogeneralizehowitbehavesinnewsystems,innewcontexts.Itprovideslearningefficiency."

"Thisissomewhatliketeachingakidwhatacarisbyfirstteachingthemwhatwheelsandseatsare,"ChenFengatNewYorkUniversitysays."Thebenefitofusingobjectcentricrepresentation,insteadofrawvisualinputs,makesAllearnintuitivephysicalconceptswithbetterdataefficiency."12.WhywasPLATOcreated?A.TohelpAIprocessmoredata.

B.ToteachAIresearchershowtousesimplephysicsknowledge.

C.ToenableAItocomprehendsimplephysicsconcepts.

D.Tohaveobjectsfollowbasicphysicallaws.13.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thepurposeoftheresearch.

B.Theparticipantsoftheresearch.

C.Theobjectsoftheresearch.

D.Theprocessoftheresearch.14.What'sthefunctionoftheexampleinparagraphfour?A.Clarifyaconcept. B.Providetheoreticalbasis.

C.Attractreaders'attention. D.Introduceascene.15.WhichwordcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowardsPLATO?A.Unconcerned. B.Critical. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Aprilisthecruel-lestmonth...OrsosaidgloomypoetTSEliotinhislongpoem,TheWasteland.Itseemshewasn'twrong.SAD(SeasonalAffectiveDisorder)—otherwiseknownasthe"winterblues"—isawellknowncondition.But,surprisingly,somepeoplefeelmoredepressedinspringandsummerthanatothertimesoftheyear.Thedaysgettingwarmerandlonger,andthefactthatspringflowersandblossomrepresentnewbeginningsforsomepeople,justmakethespringbluesworseforothers.

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WhatCausesReverseSad?Becauseit'snotwellunderstoodoroftenspotted,it'shardtopindownthereasonsforfeelingdownwheneveryoneelseseemstobefullofthejoysofspringtime.WithwinterSAD,lesssunlightisthoughttodisruptthebody'sinternalclockandbringondepression.

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Youmightalsobetemptedtostayuplater,throwingoutyourbodyclock.HowDoYouRecognizeIt?

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Doyoulovethecoldandfeelmuchmoreenergizedatthattimeofyear,whilespringmakesyoufeelmuchlesspositive?Again,thiscouldbereverseSAD．Anditsometimesrunsinfamilies,solookaroundatyournearestanddearestandnotehowtheyfeelabouttheadventofwarmer,brighterdays.

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Exercisecanworkwonders.Astudyfoundthattenweeksofstandardexercisewas20percentmoreeffectivethanmedication.Andgetplentyofsleep.Trytogetupatthesametimeeveryday,evenifyouhaven'tsleptwell.

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A.CanExerciseHelpOvercomeReverseSad?B.CanYouShakeofftheSpringBlues?C.Thisphenomenonissometimescalled"reversesad".D.Thespringbluesmayhaveanegativeeffectonpeople.E.LiketraditionalSAD,springdepressioncomesbackatthesametimeeveryyear.F.Butifyourdepressionshowsnosignoflifting,seeyourdoctor.G.ReverseSAD,ontheotherhand,mightbecausedbytoomuchsunlight.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）CruzGenet,11,andAnthonySkop-ick,10,couldn'tagree.Werethebirdsoutontheiceducksorgeese?Soona

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Januaryeveninglastyear,thetwofriendsventuredontothe

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pondneartheirhomes,togetabetterlook.Firsttheytossedarockontotheiceto

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it.Thentheysteppedonit.

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theicewouldholdtheirweight,Anthonytookafewsteps,then...FOOMP.Hecrashedthroughthe

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frozensurface."Therewasnosound,nocrack,"herecalled."Ijustfellthroughinstantly."Cruz

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tohelphispanickedfriend.FOOMP—he

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intothepondtoo.Theboyswereuptotheirnecksinicywaterandquicklylosingfeelingintheirlimbs.Anychanceoftheir

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themselveswasslippingaway.Cruzwassurehewasgoingtodie.Anthony'soldersisterhadseentheboysfallthroughtheiceandstartedscreamingforhelp.JohnLavin,a

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drivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.Hequickly

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.Seeingtheboys,hegrabbedanearbybuoy(救生圈),

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offhisshoes,andranintotheslushy(融雪的)water,choppinghiswaythroughtheicewithhisfree

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.LavinmadehiswaytoCruzandAnthonyandhauled(拉)thembacktoland.Theyweretakentothehospital,wheredoctorsdiscoveredthattheirfive-minute

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inthewaterhadloweredtheirbody

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nearlytendegrees.Fortunately,theboyshavefullyrecovered,thoughtheyarestillalittleawestruckbytheir

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​​​​​​​neighbour."Justtothink,"saysCruz,"ifhewasn'tthere,Icouldhavedied."21.

A.beautiful B.cold C.quiet D.dark22.

A.big B.shallow C.muddy D.frozen23.

A.break B.test C.drop D.abandon24.

A.Convinced B.Informed C.Warned D.Engaged25.

A.quickly B.seemingly C.simply D.normally26.

A.rushed B.managed C.decided D.moved27.

A.dominated B.occupied C.floated D.sank28.

A.exporting B.freeing C.recovering D.spotting29.

A.seaman B.police C.neighbour D.relative30.

A.pulledover B.wentthrough C.tookon D.madeup31.

A.put B.got C.hurried D.kicked32.

A.foot B.mouth C.fist D.leg33.

A.stay B.attempt C.battle D.performance34.

A.position B.weight C.temperature D.mass35.

A.graceful B.demanding C.fearless D.honest四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.WithlightsfadingoutattheNeilsonStudioofSydneyDanceCompany,18-year-oldAustraliancontemporarydancerXanthe,togetherwithdozensofherpeers,

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(quiet)walkedonthecenterstage,readytoshowcasethefruitsoftheirChinesemartialartstraining.AfterspendingfiveweeksabsorbingHungKuenandWhiteCraneelementsfromtheirHongKongteachers,theyoungperformerswowedtheaudiencewithfreshchoreography(编舞)

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melded(融合)ChinesemartialartsandWesterncontemporarydanceonTuesdaynight.

Formostofthem,participatingintheculturalexchangeevent

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(associate)withHongKongDanceCompany'sonlinedanceproduction"Convergence—ajourneyofChinesedanceandmartialarts"wastheirfirststeptolearningaboutChinaand

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(it)uniqueculturefromafar.Havingbeenpracticingcontemporarydanceforabout12years,XanthedescribedtheChinesemartialarts

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"anewlanguagetoourbodies."

​​​​​​​

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(see)theHongKong-Sydneydancecollaborationfromideatofruition,LindaGamblin,headoftrainingatSydneyDanceCompany,saidthatsheiskeentohelpAustraliandancersfind

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internalpositionofunderstandingtheirmovementsthroughthisculturalexchangeproject."IfindwithsomeofourtrainingintheWest,wemaybestrivingforperfection,andmissingoutontheunderstandingabouttheself,"saidGamblin,alsoaballetdancerwhooncewanted

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(perform)inmanyChinesecities.AccordingtotheHongKongEconomicandTradeOfficeinSydney,theeventispartofthe

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(celebrate)ofthe25thanniversaryofHongKong'sreturntothemotherland,aimingatbondingvariousculturesanddanceforms

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boostinginternationalculturalexchange.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、任务型读写（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）37.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Catherinewasthecoolestkidinherclass.Whenevershewent,shewasinthespotlight,withabunchofkidsfollowingheranddoingeverythingshedid.Herdeskmate,Landy,however,wasnotinthecoolkids'group.Beingthetallestkidinherclass,shewasteasedbyherclassmates,whowerealwayschanting"Landy,Landy,longasspaghetti(意大利面)".EverytimeLandyheardthosesillychants,shecouldfeelherfaceburstintoflames.Godknewhowshewishedthegroundtocrackandswallowher!Catherinedidn'treallylikeitwhenthekidschanted"Landy,Landy,longasspaghetti".Butshenevertoldthemtostopeither,andnordidsheevertalktoher.Shelikedbeingpopular.Oneweekend,CatherinewentovertohergrandfatherforThanksgiving.Hergrandfatherlivesonafarmattheoppositeendoftown,wherehekeepschickens.Whilehelpingtofeedthechickens,Catherinenoticedapeculiarone.Curlinginthecorner,itlookedsmallerthantheothersandwasalmosthalf-bare!"What'sthematterwithit?"Sheaskedhergrandfather,withapuzzledfrownonherface.Hergrandfathertoldherhowchickenscouldact."Theyhaveapecking(啄)order,"heexplained,wrinklesofconcernspreadingaroundhisforehead."Ifonechickenisdifferent,theotherswillpushitawayandkeeppeckingit.Sometimestheypeckitsomuchthatitdies."

"Oh,whatapoorlittlething!"Catherineletoutasighasshescooped(捧起)thefrightenedchickenupinherarms,whoseheartwasbeatingfastinthebonylittlebody.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Suddenly,shethoughtofLandy,thegirlbeing"pecked"byherclassmates.

ButCatherinewalkeddirectlytowardLandy,regardlessofwhattheysaid.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）38.假设你是中学生李华，在英国学习，担任学校中国语言与文化社社长。近期，校学生会发布了举办“国际文化节”的通知，参加活动会有一个摊位进行宣传，请写一封邮件申请一个摊位。内容包括：1.你的摊位名称：中国茶艺展；2.具体活动安排。注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：摊位boothDearStudentUnion,

Yourssincerely,LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、B、D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了南非全方位的旅游胜地——Durban。

1.

根据KosiBay部分中的You'llalsofindmorethan250birdspecieshere,includingtherarepalm-nutvultures.（你还可以在这里找到250多种鸟类，包括罕见的棕榈秃鹫。）；以及SodwanaBay部分中的Thethree-mileMgobozeleniTrailinSodwanaBaypresentsexcellentopportunitiesforbirdwatching,takingyouthroughpicturesquecoastalforestandgrassland.（索瓦纳湾三英里长的Mgobozeleni步道为观鸟提供了绝佳的机会，带您穿过风景如画的沿海森林和草原。）；以及uMkhuzeGameReserve部分中的Thisreserveisalsohometomorethan400birdspecies.（这个保护区也是400多种鸟类的家园。）可知，只有在Hluhluwe-iMfoloziPark部分中andit'syourbestchancetoseetheBigFiveallinoneplacelions,leopards,elephants,buffaloandrhinos,bothblackandwhite.（这是你在一个地方看到五大动物的最佳机会：狮子、豹子、大象、水牛和犀牛，无论是黑色的还是白色的。）中，没有提及鸟类。故选A。

2.

根据SodwanaBay部分中的Comeoutsideofthesummerholidaystoavoidtherushandyou’llberewardedwithenchanting,technicolourundersealife.（暑假结束后，你可以避开拥挤的人群，享受迷人的、多彩的海底生活。），可知，如果要来SodwanaBay度假，应该避开夏天，则可以享受迷人的多彩的海底生活。故选B。

3.

根据uMkhuzeGameReserve部分中的Again,guidedwalkscanbebookedinadvancefor₤10.（同样，有导游的徒步旅行可以提前预订，费用为10英镑。）可知，在uMkhuzeGameReserve有导游的徒步旅行价值10英镑。故选D。

4~7.【答案】C、D、D、A【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Abhay兄弟创建的一个名为“BreaktheDivide”的组织。该组织为全世界的青年积极互动交流提供了一个优秀的平台。

1.

根据第二段中的Theconversationstartedwithtypicalteensmalltalk.Butastheteensgrewmorecomfortable,thechatturnedserious.（谈话开始于典型的青少年寒暄。但随着孩子们彼此逐渐变得熟悉，谈话变得严肃起来。）可知，通过视频电话交流的孩子们，一开始只是相互寒暄，而后谈论的话题逐渐变得严肃，涉及到很多重大的社会及环境问题，故选C。

2.

根据第三段中的whatiftheconversation,meanttoexpandthestudents’perspectivesaboutlifeoutsidetheirhometowns,didn'thavetoend?Students,theyfigured,couldcontinuetobenefitfrombridginggeographicalandculturaldifferences（如果这场旨在扩大学生们对家乡外广阔世界的看法的对话不必结束呢？他们认为，学生可以继续从弥合地理和文化差异中受益）可知，Abhay兄弟把这个组织叫做BreaktheDivide，因为孩子们可以从这样的互动中开阔视野，增长对外界的了解，因而从中受益良多，故选D。

3.

根据第三段中的Today,itfacilitatesconversationsandcoordinatescommunityactionbetweenyouthallovertheworld.（今天，它促进了全世界青年之间的对话和协调社区行动。）可知，BreaktheDivide组织目标群体是全世界的青年，故选D。

4.

根据最后一段中的Hundredsofconversationslater,thebrothersarestilloptimisticthatthecoreprincipleofBreakTheDivideempathycanplayacentralroleinhowyouthtackletheissuesthatmattermosttothem.（在数百次谈话之后，兄弟俩仍然乐观地认为，“BreaktheDivide”的核心原则同理心可以在年轻人解决对他们来说最重要的问题上发挥核心作用。）可知，这篇文章描述“BreaktheDivide”组织帮助年轻人解答人生困惑，应该摘自内容丰富多彩的杂志，而非旅游指南、自传或者科学论文，故选A。

8~11.【答案】D、C、B、B【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍AlbertoConejo的研究发现使得钢铁生产中的能源消耗减少，进而减少了碳排放。因为他的贡献，去年9月被授予中国政府友谊奖。

1.

根据第二段中的Inthissense,Conejohasmadeimportantcontributionsthroughhisresearchtoreduceenergyconsumptioninsteelproductionbyusingfoamyslag(熔渣)asaninsulator(绝缘体)inelectricarcfurnaces(电弧炉).（从这个意义上讲，Conejo通过在电弧炉中使用泡沫渣作为绝缘体来降低钢铁生产中的能源消耗的研究做出了重要贡献。）可知，Conejo研究的目的是降低钢铁生产中能源的消耗。故选D。

2.

根据上题分析可知，Conejo研究的目的是降低钢铁生产中能源的消耗。由此可知，他所做的工作集中在充分利用电能以及最大限度减少能源损失。因此optimize译为“充分利用”。故选C。

3.

根据最后一段中的TheonlythingIcansayisthattherearenoindividualachievements,buttheresultsofacollectiveeffortbecauseineverythingwedoweusepreviouslydevelopedknowledge.（我唯一能说的是，没有个人的成就，而是集体努力的结果，因为我们做的每一件事都使用了以前开发的知识。）推知，Conejo的话表明团队的共同努力有助于他们取得成就。故选B。

4.

根据第一段内容（AlbertoConejo在中国生活的时间并不长，但他的贡献不仅体现在他作为专家的工作领域，还体现在他为建设一个更环保的世界所做的贡献上。）及第二段中的Inthissense,Conejohasmadeimportantcontributionsthroughhisresearchtoreduceenergyconsumptioninsteelproductionbyusingfoamyslag(熔渣)asaninsulator(绝缘体)inelectricarcfurnaces(电弧炉).（从这个意义上讲，Conejo通过在电弧炉中使用泡沫渣作为绝缘体来降低钢铁生产中的能源消耗的研究做出了重要贡献。）以及最后一段中的TheseeffortsledhimtobeawardedtheChineseGovernmentFriendshipAwardonSeptember30lastyear,thehighestdistinctionforforeignerswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributionstothecauseofthecountry'smodernization,reformandopeningup.（这些努力使他于去年9月30日被授予中国政府友谊奖，这是授予为中国现代化建设和改革开放事业做出杰出贡献的外国人的最高荣誉。）可知，文章主要介绍AlbertoConejo的研究发现使得钢铁生产中的能源消耗减少，进而减少了碳排放。因为他的贡献，去年9月被授予中国政府友谊奖。因此B项（屡获殊荣的墨西哥低碳炼钢教授）可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、C【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了教会人工智能理解基本的物理概念，使之拥有人一样的直觉感知，有利于研制出占用更少计算资源的、功能更为强大的软件。

1.

根据第二段内容（现在，DeepMind的LuisPiloto和他的同事们已经研制出了一个称之为“通过自动解码并追踪物体进行物理学习的人工智能设备（简称PLATO）”，这个设备设计的目的在于使人工智能理解物理世界是由遵循基本物理规则的物体组成。）可知，制造PLATO的目的是为了教会人工智能理解基本的物理概念。故选C。

2.

根据第三段第一句TheresearcherstrainedPLATOtoidentifyobjectsandtheirinteractionsbyusingsimulated(模拟的)videosofobjectsmovingaswewouldexpect,suchasballsfallingtotheground,rollingbehindeachotherandbouncingoffeachother.（研究人员通过使用模拟物体运动的视频训练PLATO识别物体以及物体之间的互相影响。物体的这些运动形式符合我们的想象，比如球会掉到地上，滚到其他球的后面并互相碰撞。）以及本段最后一句TheytaskedPLATOtopredictwhatwouldhappennextineachvideo,andfoundthatitspredictionswerereliablywrongfornonsensicalvideos,butusuallycorrectforlogicalones,suggestingtheAlhasanintuitive(直觉的)knowledgeofphysics.（他们给PLATO设置任务预测每一个视频接下来会发生什么。他们发现人工智能对于无意义的视频的预测是错误的，而对有逻辑性的视频的预测是正确的，这表明人工智能对物理知识有直觉认识。）可知，本段主要讲述的是研究过程，故选D。

3.

根据第四段第一句PilotosaystheresultsshowthataneccentricviewoftheworldcouldgiveanAlamoregeneralizedandadaptablesetofabilities.（Piloto说这个结果显示对世界有古怪的想法会给人工智能一种概括性更强、适应性更强的能力。）以及后面的forinstance（例如）可知，作者举例是要对前面提出的概念进行解释，故选A。

4.

根据最后一段第一句Thisissomewhatliketeachingakidwhatacarisbyfirstteachingthemwhatwheelsandseatsare（这就有点像先教孩子什么是轮子、什么是座位然后再教什么是汽车一样）可知，作者对PLATO的态度是一种基于常识的客观的态度，故选C。

16~20.【答案】C、G、E、B、F【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是反向悲伤，以及如何摆脱它。

1.

根据前文Thedaysgettingwarmerandlonger,andthefactthatspringflowersandblossomrepresentnewbeginningsforsomepeople,justmakethespringbluesworseforothers.（白天变得越来越暖、越来越长，春天的鲜花盛开对一些人来说代表着新的开始，这只会让另一些人的春天忧郁更加严重。）以及后文WhatCausesReverseSad?（是什么导致了反向悲伤？）可知，空处应引出“反向悲伤”这个概念，所以C项（这种现象有时被称为“反向悲伤”。）符合文意。故选C。

2.

根据本段小标题WhatCausesReverseSad?（是什么导致了反向悲伤？）可知，本段是在讲述反向悲伤是由哪些原因引起的，所以G项（一方面，反向悲伤可能是由过多的阳光引起的。）符合本段主题，其中caused为同词复现。故选G。

3.

根据后文Doyoulovethecoldandfeelmuchmoreenergizedatthattimeofyear,whilespringmakesyoufeelmuchlesspositive?（你是否喜欢寒冷，在一年中的这个时候感觉更有活力，而春天让你感觉不那么积极？）可知，本句位于空处后一句，而空处位于段首，所以此句应是对空处句子的进一步解释说明，所以E项（和传统的悲伤一样，春季抑郁症每年都会在同一时间卷土重来。）符合题意。故选E。

4.

分析设空可知，空处是本段小标题，所以根据后文内容Exercisecanworkwonders.Astudyfoundthattenweeksofstandardexercisewas20percentmoreeffectivethanmedication.Andgetplentyofsleep.Trytogetupatthesametimeeveryday,evenifyouhaven'tsleptwell（锻炼可以创造奇迹。一项研究发现，10周的标准运动比药物治疗有效20%。保证充足的睡眠。试着每天在同一时间起床，即使你没有睡好。）可知，本段是在说如何摆脱悲伤，所以B项（你能摆脱春天忧郁吗？）符合题意。故选B。

5.

根据前文Exercisecanworkwonders.Astudyfoundthattenweeksofstandardexercisewas20percentmoreeffectivethanmedication.Andgetplentyofsleep.Trytogetupatthesametimeeveryday,evenifyouhaven'tsleptwell.（锻炼可以创造奇迹。一项研究发现，10周的标准运动比药物治疗有效20%。保证充足的睡眠。试着每天在同一时间起床，即使你没有睡好。）可知，本段是在说如何摆脱悲伤，所以F项（如果你的抑郁症没有好转的迹象，那就去看医生吧。）是在讲去看医生治疗抑郁，符合本段主题。故选F。

21~35.【答案】B、D、B、A、B、A、D、B、C、A、D、C、A、C、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲